Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Akademická prokrastinácia v kontexte exekutívnych funkcií

100%

Schweigerová K. , Slavkovská M.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2015

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tom 9

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nr 2

26-35

EN

The present research study is concerned about chronic postponement of planned duties in university students in relation to executive functions. Research participants (n= 275) were 2nd to 4th year colleges students. The participants responded to items of Tuckman Procrastination Scale and Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions questionnaire BRIEF-A). Research results confirmed reduced levels in eight of the nine subscales evaluating various executive functions of students with high degree of procrastination. On the other hand, there have not been confirmed the relationship between academic procrastination and gender, age and also difficulty of study.

SK

Predkladaná výskumná štúdia sa venuje problematike chronického odkladania plánovaných povinností u vysokoškolských študentov vo vzťahu k exekutívnym funkciám. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 275 študentov druhého až štvrtého ročníka. Na zber dát bola využitá Tuckmanovej škála prokrastinácie a na hodnotenie exekutívnych funkcií sebaposudzovací dotazník BRIEF-A. Výsledky výskumu potvrdili zníženú úroveň v ôsmych z deviatich subškál hodnotiacich jednotlivé exekutívne funkcie u prokrastinujúcixh študentov. Na druhej strane sa nepotvrdili rozdiely v miere prokrastinácie z hľadiska rodu, veku ani vnímanej náročnosti štúdia.

2

The Preventive Dimension of Executive Function in Preschool Children

100%

Poćwiardowska B.

Przegląd Pedagogiczny

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2020

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nr 2

173-188

EN

Executive functions may be viewed as factors supporting proper development in normative groups of children and adolescents, as well as when compensating or reducing risk factors in children and adolescents from higher risk groups. Current research findings indicate that long-term, longitudinal studies on executive functions in children and adolescents are necessary in order to reveal the key factors for the proper development of a young person and their further functioning in adulthood. From the pedagogical perspective, what is important in prevention is searching for knowledge on the conditions conducive to the development of higher cognitive functions. The development of pedagogical research methods that would allow the developmental conditions of children and adolescents to be diagnosed is no less important. Another significant task that cannot be achieved without the results of longitudinal studies is developing the developmental trajectories for dependencies or disorders, taking into account the level of executive function so as to empirically verify the assumptions adopted in this article.

3

Visual Perspective -Taking: Are Theory of Mind and Executive Function Involved?

100%

Złotogórska -Suwińska A. , Putko A.

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tom 50

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nr 2

4

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF CAREGIVERS OF INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM PARKINSON’S DISEASE, AND THEIR DECLARED FEELING OF BURDEN

88%

Golińska P. , Bidzan M. , Brown J. W.

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2017

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tom 15(4)

391-405

EN

The subject literature identifies many predictors of a feeling of burden, yet it often ignores aspects of the psychological and social functioning of caregivers, i.e., resources for efficiently coping with a difficult situation. This study aimed to verify the predictors of a feeling of burden experienced by the caregivers of individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease, taking into account the cognitive functioning of the patients as well as the psychological resources and social competences of the caregivers themselves. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers. It included a neuropsychiatric examination of the patients, with a special focus on executive functions, as well as an assessment of the psychological and social resources of their caregivers using standard psychometric methods. Self esteem was measured using the SES scale and sense of coherence was measured using SOC-29. The statistical analysis included correlation analysis and multiple hierarchical regression. The duration of the disease as well as cognitive impairments, especially executive dysfunction, are significant predictors of a feeling of burden. A high sense of coherence is associated with a positive assessment of one’s own resources in the context of coping with a difficult situation. The feeling of burden experienced by caregivers of individuals suffering from neurodegenerative disorders is a complex phenomenon, composed of many factors. The predictors discusse in this study point to various individual differences in the psychological resources possessed by caregivers.

5

NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NARRATIVE DISCOURSE PATTERNS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH EARLY STAGE VASCULAR DEMENTIA VS. PATIENTS WITH EARLY STAGE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

88%

Gawron N. , Łojek E. , Hintze B. , Egbert A. R.

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2021

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tom 19(2)

187-207

EN

Individuals in the early stages of dementia may demonstrate language difficulties. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the differences in narrative discourse abilities across two types of dementia, i.e., Vascular Dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in comparison to the young and old elderly. The AD and VaD groups displayed a lower performance than the age-matched YE on tasks involving reasoning. The VaD partici- pants outperformed patients with AD in verbal memory and narrative discourse. Discourse macrostructure analyses showed that the VaD reproduced more propositions than did the AD participants, but that these were comparable to YE and OE. There were more conjunctions in narratives reproduced by the VaD participants as compared to other groups, although this tendency was only present in the story but not in fairy tale reproductions themselves. Individ- uals in the AD group had more difficulties than YE and OE individuals in figuring out the moral of fairy tales. Clinical and control groups reproduced the microstructure and superstructure of texts comparatively well. Discourse recall correlated with performance on verbal memory, attention/working memory, and reasoning. Differences in narrative discourse abilities were found. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients scored lower in verbal memory than did Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients. Both groups however obtained lower results than the young and old elderly.

6

Assessing the executive functions of students on a third level introductory programming course

75%

Bergin S. , Reilly R.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2005

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tom 65

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nr 5

7

Prospective and restrospective duration judgments: an executive-control perspective

75%

Zakay D. , Block R. A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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tom 64

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nr 3

8

Two languages in one mind: insights into cognitive effects of bilingualism from usage-based approaches

63%

Korenar M. , Treffers-Daller J. , Pliatsikas C.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2023

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tom 106

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nr 1

24-46

EN

Bilingualism has been associated with changes in our language-related and domain-general cognition. However, it remains controversial whether bilingualism-related cognitive effects are robust and stable. Also, it is still unclear which aspects of bilingual experiences affect the plasticity of cognitive processes. This article offers a selective overview of the literature on bilingualism and cognition. We discuss results from studies which investigated the sources of cognitive plasticity in bilinguals, using prominent bilingual factors. We argue that, at least in part, the field deals with the controversies by viewing bilingualism through the perspective of usage-based (or experience-based) approaches, although such a link is not always made explicitly. Viewing bilingual variables as indicators of language use and engagement with both languages might offer promising ways forward while allowing for comparisons of existing studies on bilingualism with more recent ones, which build on the usage-based perspective more explicitly.

CS

Bilingvismus je spojován se změnami v kognitivních procesech, a to jak v procesech zodpovědných za jazykové zpracování, tak v doménově obecné kognici. Zůstává však předmětem diskuse, jak silné a stabilní účinky bilingvismu na kognici jsou. Rovněž zůstává nejasné, jaké aspekty bilingvismu jsou primárním zdrojem plasticity kognitivních procesů. Tento článek nabízí výběrový přehled literatury o bilingvismu a kognici a rozebírá existující studie zkoumající zdroje kognitivní plasticity u bilingvních mluvčích z pohledu usage-based přístupů. Zaměřujeme se na roli prominentních bilingvních faktorů, jakými jsou úroveň znalosti jazyka, věk osvojování jazyka, míra střídání kódů, ale také proporcionalita používání jazyků. Tvrdíme, že literatura o vlivu dvojjazyčnosti na kognici se z části vypořádává s kontroverzemi tím, že nahlíží na bilingvismus perspektivou usage-based přístupů, i když spojení s tímto vědeckým rámcem není vždy výslovně zmiňováno. Zasazení bilingvních faktorů do kontextu usage-based přístupů může nabídnout slibné cesty vpřed a zároveň umožnit srovnání stávajících studií o bilingvismu s novějšími studiemi, které jsou ukotveny v usage-based perspektivě explicitněji.

9

Sortowanie kart jako metoda badania giętkości poznawczej u dzieci w wieku 3–8 lat

51%

Jabłoński S. , Kaczmarek I. , Kaliszewska-Czeremska K. , Zakrzewska M.

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nr 1(121)

54–72

PL

Artykuł prezentuje teoretyczne podstawy powszechnie stosowanego w badaniach funkcji wykonawczych u dzieci dwuwymiarowego testu sortowania kart (DTSK), odwołując się do pojęć kontroli hamowania, pamięci, rozumowania pojęciowego i teorii złożoności. Ze względu na brak argumentów jednoznacznie wykluczających stosowanie któregokolwiek z tych konstruktów do analizy czynności sortowania kart, autorzy proponują traktować DTSK jako narzędzie pomiaru giętkości poznawczej u dzieci. W artykule zaprezentowano również dwie równoległe wersje testu sortowania kart dla dzieci (TSKD), opracowane na podstawie dwuwymiarowego testu sortowania kart. Umożliwiają one stosowanie procedury sortowania kart w indywidualnej diagnozie psychologicznej. Podczas pilotażowego badania grupy 41 zdrowych dzieci w wieku 3–8 lat dokonano oceny rzetelności obu wersji TSKD oraz trafności sposobów obliczania wyników dla poszczególnych części narzędzia. Badania potwierdziły rzetelność obu wersji TSKD oraz wykazały konieczność zmiany sposobu obliczania wyników.

EN

Two parallel versions of Children Card Sort (CCS) designed by the authors on the basis of the Dimensional Children Card Sort (DCCS) are presented. Both of these versions of CCS have been standardized for application in the investigation of child executive functioning. In the pilot study, 41 healthy children aged 3–8 were tested and the reliability of both types of CCS investigated. The validity of a method for calculating final scores for different aspects of CCS was also tested. The research confirmed the reliability of both versions of CCS and showed the need for new procedures to calculate final scores. Theoretical foundations of the card sort method, commonly used in the research of child executive functions are described and the concepts of inhibitory control, memory, conceptual reasoning and theories of complexity are discussed. Since none of these concepts are commonly accepted to explain the processes underlying card sorting the authors suggest interpretation of CCS as a measure of cognitive flexibility.