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The Effect of a Single Session of Whole-Body Vibration Training in Recreationally Active Men on the Excitability of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System

100%

Chmielewska D. , Piecha M. , Blaszczak E. , Król P. , Smykla A. , Juras G.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2014

tom 41

nr 1

89-98

Vibration training has become a popular method used in professional sports and recreation. In this study, we examined the effect of whole-body vibration training on the central nervous system and muscle excitability in a group of 28 active men. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups with different variables of vibrations. The chronaximetry method was used to evaluate the effect of a single session of whole-body vibration training on the excitability of the rectus femoris and brachioradialis muscles. The examination of the fusing and flickering frequencies of the light stimulus was performed. An increase in the excitability of the quadriceps femoris muscle due to low intensity vibrations (20 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude) was noted, and a return to the initial values was observed 30 min after the application of vibration. High intensity vibrations (60 Hz frequency, 4 mm amplitude) caused elongations of the chronaxy time; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Neither a low intensity vibration amplitude of 2 mm (frequency of 20 Hz) nor a high intensity vibration amplitude of 4 mm (frequency of 60 Hz) caused a change in the excitability of the central nervous system, as revealed by the average frequency of the fusing and flickering of the light stimulus. A single session of high intensity whole-body vibration did not significantly decrease the excitability of the peripheral nervous system while the central nervous system did not seem to be affected.

Central and Peripheral Fatigue During Resistance Exercise – A Critical Review

88%

Zając A. , Chalimoniuk M. , Gołaś A. , Lngfort J. , Maszczyk A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2015

tom 49

nr 1

159-169

Resistance exercise is a popular form of conditioning for numerous sport disciplines, and recently different modes of strength training are being evaluated for health benefits. Resistance exercise differs significantly in nature, and several variables determine the direction and range of adaptive changes that occur in the muscular and skeletal system of the body. Some modes of resistance training can also be effective in stimulating the cardiovascular system. These variables include exercise selection (general, specific, single or multi joint, dynamic, explosive), type of resistance (free weights, variable resistance, isokinetics), order of exercise (upper and lower body or push and pull exercises), and most of all the training load which includes intensity expressed as % of 1RM, number of repetitions, number of sets and the rest interval between sets. Manipulating these variables allows for specific adaptive changes which may include gains in muscle mass, muscle strength or muscle endurance. It has been well established that during resistance exercise fatigue occurs, regardless of the volume and intensity of work applied. The peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been studied and explained in more detail than those related to the CNS. This review is an attempt to bring together the latest knowledge regarding fatigue, both peripheral and central, during resistance exercise. The authors of this review concentrated on physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying fatigue in exercises performed with maximal intensity, as well as those performed to exhaustion with numerous repetitions and submaximal load.

Wpływ treningu na poziom pobudliwości u psa domowego (Canis familiaris)

63%

Dziedzic M. , Włodarczyk E. , Gulatowska J. , Trojan M.

Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka

2017

tom 36

51-63

Prezentowana praca podejmuje tematykę wpływu treningu na pobudliwość u psa domowego. Mierzono ją za pomocą przetłumaczonego na język polski kwestionariusza Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) autorstwa Jamesa A. Serpella i Yuying Hsu. Analizie poddano wpływ treningu (Obedience, Mantrailing, Agility oraz Frisbee) na pobudliwość psów. Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy istnieją istotne różnice w pobudliwości między psami poddawanymi różnego rodzaju szkoleniom oraz trenowanych przez mniej lub bardziej doświadczonych przewodników, których doświadczenie określała nie tylko praktyczna praca z psem, ale również zdobywanie rzetelnej wiedzy teoretycznej w dziedzinie zachowania i szkolenia psów. Badanie wykazało istnienie istotnych różnic pomiędzy badanymi grupami, czym potwierdziło prawdopodobny wpływ treningu i wiedzy przewodnika na poziom pobudliwości u psa domowego. Analizy pokazały, że istnieją istotne różnice w poziomie pobudliwości mierzonej kwestionariuszem C-BARQ między grupą psów poddawaną treningowi a niepoddawaną treningowi, a także pomiędzy psami prowadzonymi przez ludzi, którzy zdobywają profesjonalną wiedzę w zakresie zachowania i szkolenia psów, a prowadzonych przez osoby, które nie zdobywają takiej wiedzy. Potwierdzono również założone w badaniu istnienie różnic w pobudliwości wśród psów szkolonych, w zależności od tego, czy trenujące je osoby zdobywają profesjonalną wiedzę na temat zachowania psa, czy też nie.

The presented work touches upon the issue of influence of training on excitability in domestic dogs. Excitability has been tested with the use of a Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) questionnaire (translated in Polish). The analysis covered influence of training (Obedience, Mantrailing, Agility and Frisbee) on excitability of dogs and tests related to possible existence of any relevant differences between dogs subject to various types of training and trained by more or less experienced guides with their experience determined not only by working with dogs in practice, but also by acquisition of reliable theoretical knowledge in the field of behaviour and training of dogs. Additionally, hypotheses relating to trends of the differences have been tested. The test has shown relevant differences between the tested groups, which confirmed the probable influence of training and knowledge of a guide upon the level of excitability in domestic dogs. The analyses have shown that there are relevant differences in the level of excitability between a group of dogs subjected to training and the one, which was not subject to training as well as between dogs guided by people, who acquire professional knowledge in the field of behaviour and training of dogs and dogs guided by people, who do not acquire the knowledge. The assumed existence of differences in excitability in a group of dogs was also confirmed, depending on, whether trainers acquire professional knowledge in the field of behaviour of dogs or not.