Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Application of enzymes for bioremediation. Part 1. Oxidoreductases

100%

Piotrowska A.

Ekologia i Technika

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2005

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tom R. 13, nr 6

259-265

EN

Bioremediation is considered the use of biological agents to transform pollutants into innocuous products. The main biological agents of bioremediation are microorganisms and plants (phytoremediation) and their enzymes. A large number of bacteria and fungi are able to transform, partly or completely, many xenobiotic organic compounds. The use of microorganisms to remediate a polluted environment may, however, present some limitations, such as adsorption of microbial cells on solid particles, diffusion constraints, competition effects by indigenous microorganisms, and inhibition by toxic compounds. A possible strategy for overcoming these drawbacks is the use of enzymes, which could be obtained, in large quantities from microbial populations as well as from plants. As it is well known, enzymes can be active outside the parent cells. The extracellular activity of enzymes is expected to be increasingly exploited in future bioremediation technologies. To prevent losses of enzymatic activity under severe field condition, many investigation have been focused on developing methods to stabilize enzymes, preferably by immobilization on solid supports or by gel coating. The use of enzymes naturally stabilized in plant tissues also has been investigated. Basically, two classes of enzymes are examined for bioremediation purposes, i.e., oxidoreductases and hydrolases, including enzymes highly efficient in the transformation of several pollutants. The feasibility of enzymatic treatment has been demonstrated mainly in laboratory studies but some attempts at field scale were done as well. For example, several fungal phenoloxidases effectively oxidised xenobiotic phenols and anilines through polymerization or binding to humus. Tyrosinase was used as a free enzyme to dephenolize different wastewater samples. Both free and immobilized laccase and peroxidase were applied to detoxify soils polluted by 2,4 dichlorophenols. Further studies are necessary to identify additional enzymes that can be able to transform the increasing number of chemicals polluting the environment.

2

A regional comparison of children’s blood cadmium, lead, and mercury in rural, urban and industrial areas of six European countries, and China, Ecuador, and Morocco

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Hrubá F. , Černá M. , Chen C. , Harari F. , Horvat M. , Koppová K. , Krsková A. , Laamech J. , Li Y.-F. , Löfmark L. , Lundh T. , Lyoussi B. , Mazej D. , Osredkar J. , Pawlas K. , Pawlas N. , Prokopowicz A. , Rentschler G. , Snoj Tratnik J. , Sommar J. , Spěváčková V. , Špirić Z. , Skerfving S. , Bergdahl I. A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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tom 36

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nr 3

349-364

EN

Objectives The authors aimed to evaluate whether blood cadmium (B-Cd), lead (B-Pb) and mercury (B-Hg) in children differ regionally in 9 countries, and to identify factors correlating with exposure. Material and Methods The authors performed a cross-sectional study of children aged 7–14 years, living in 2007–2008 in urban, rural, or potentially polluted (“hot spot”) areas (ca. 50 children from each area, in total 1363 children) in 6 European and 3 non-European countries. The authors analysed Cd, Pb, and total Hg in blood and collected information on potential determinants of exposure through questionnaires. Regional differences in exposure levels were assessed within each country. Results Children living near industrial “hot-spots” had B-Cd 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4–1.9) times higher in the Czech Republic and 2.1 (95% CI:1.6–2.8) times higher in Poland, as compared to urban children in the same countries (geometric means [GM]: 0.13 μg/l and 0.15 μg/l, respectively). Correspondingly, B-Pb in the “hot spot” areas was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.6–2.1) times higher than in urban areas in Slovakia and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9–2.7) times higher in Poland (urban GM: 19.4 μg/l and 16.3 μg/l, respectively). In China and Morocco, rural children had significantly lower B-Pb than urban ones (urban GM: 64 μg/l and 71 μg/l, respectively), suggesting urban exposure from leaded petrol, water pipes and/or coal-burning. Hg “hot spot” areas in China had B-Hg 3.1 (95% CI: 2.7–3.5) times higher, and Ecuador 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2–1.9) times higher, as compared to urban areas (urban GM: 2.45 μg/l and 3.23 μg/l, respectively). Besides industrial exposure, traffic correlated with B-Cd; male sex, environmental tobacco smoke, and offal consumption with B-Pb; and fish consumption and amalgam fillings with B-Hg. However, these correlations could only marginally explain regional differences. Conclusions These mainly European results indicate that some children experience about doubled exposures to toxic elements just because of where they live. These exposures are unsafe, identifiable, and preventable and therefore call for preventive actions.

3

Zastosowanie nanomateriałów w wykrywaniu i usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń środowiska

86%

Moritz M. , Geszke-Moritz M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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tom T. 91, nr 12

2375-2381

PL

Przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę oraz zakres zastosowań kropek kwantowych, nanostruktur węglowych, materiałów mezoporowatych oraz nanocząstek tlenków metali w kluczowych zagadnieniach dotyczących zanieczyszczeń środowiska. Zakres zastosowań wybranych typów nanomateriałów wynika z ich właściwości fizykochemicznych oraz charakteru modyfikacji powierzchni struktury. Właściwości fluorescencyjne kropek kwantowych pozwalają na bezpośrednie, ilościowe oznaczanie zanieczyszczeń w próbkach wody i ścieków. Znaczna powierzchnia właściwa materiałów mezoporowatych oraz nanorurek węglowych umożliwia adsorpcję zanieczyszczeń z próbek środowiskowych (metoda SPE) przed ich właściwym oznaczeniem z użyciem technik instrumentalnych. Struktury mezoporowate oraz nanocząstki tlenków metali stosowane są w procesie katalitycznego lub fotokatalitycznego usuwania substancji toksycznych z powietrza oraz wody.

EN

Review, with 117 refs., of quantum dots, C nanostructures, mesoporous materials and metal oxide nanoparticles in environmental anal. and engineering.

4

Zanieczyszczenie środowiska węglowodorami aromatycznymi a choroby nowotworowe człowieka

86%

Chrząścik I. , Szymalska M. , Kluska M.

Ekologia i Technika

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2006

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tom R. 14, nr 6

215-220

PL

W niniejszej pracy omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące zanieczyszczenia środowiska najliczniejszą grupą związków (WWA) odpowiedzialną za choroby nowotworowe. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na oddziaływania węglowodorów aromatycznych na organizm człowieka.

EN

The amount of people suffering from tumour diseases and the number of those who die of it is constantly growing in Poland. This article deals with pollution in our environment (mainly the water pollution) caused by the largest group of compounds (PAHs) responsible for tumour diseases. We have focused on the impact those substances may have on human beings. The special attention is devoted to the aromatic hydrocarbons. We describe also some phenomena causing tumour diseases and some actions taken by the Health Ministry directed on decreasing the constantly growing amount of people who die or suffer from those diseases. The realization of the national program for fighting tumour diseases through complex actions, concerning scientific development, is to decrease tumour morbidity by about 10 % and to make the methods of the treatment more effective in Poland so the efficiency could be compared with the countries in northern and Western Europe.

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Plastyfikatory w środowisku - nowe podejście w procesie ich usuwania ze strumienia ścieków

72%

Wolecki D. , Kumirska J.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

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2020

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tom nr 2

35--41

PL

Plastyfikatory to najczęściej estrowe pochodne kwasu ftalowego, nazywane również ftalanami. Ze względu na ich łatwą migrację do środowiska obecne są we wszystkich jego komponentach. Wykryto je zarówno w atmosferze, jak i w wodach powierzchniowych, glebach, osadach, ściekach, a nawet w tkankach roślin i zwierząt. Wykazują zdolność do gromadzenia się w tkankach organizmu, a ich stężenie może być wyższe niż w otaczającym je środowisku. Ze względu na ich rozprzestrzenienie, a także możliwy toksyczny wpływ, również na organizm człowieka, zalicza się je do grupy nowo pojawiających się zanieczyszczeń środowiska. Jednym z elementów mogących zminimalizować narażenie na ftalany jest odpowiednie ich usuwanie w procesie oczyszczania ścieków, między innymi w zakładach produkcyjnych stosujących te związki oraz w oczyszczalniach komunalnych. Do tego celu coraz częściej proponuje się wykorzystanie upraw hydroponicznych (ang. constructed wetlands). To proste podejście opiera się na wprowadzeniu roślin wyższych jako elementu wspomagającego oczyszczanie ścieków. Głównym zagadnieniem poruszonym w artykule jest analiza efektywności usuwania ftalanów ze strumienia wody po wprowadzeniu hydroponiki do technologicznego procesu oczyszczania ścieków.

EN

Plasticizers are mostly ester derivatives of phthalic acid, called also phthalates. Due to their easy migration to the environment, they are present in all its components. They have been detected in the atmosphere as well as in surface waters, soils, sediments, sewage, and even in the tissues of plants and animals. They show the ability to accumulate in the body’s tissues, and their concentration may be higher than in the surrounding environment. Due to their spread, as well as possible toxic effects, also on the human body, they are included in the group of emerging environmental pollutions. One of the methods to minimize exposure to phthalates is their proper removal in the wastewater treatment process, including industrial and municipal treatment plants. For this purpose, constructed wetlands are increasingly being proposed. This simple approach is based on the introduction of higher plants as an element supporting wastewater treatment. The main aim of this article is to analyse the efficiency of phthalate removal from a water stream after the introduction of hydroponics into technological wastewater treatment process.

6

Degradation of p-aminophenol by Fenton’s process. Influence of operational parameters

72%

Ghosh P. , Ghime D. , Lunia D.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 43, nr 3

255--267

EN

Oxidative degradation of a model environmental pollutant, p-Aminophenol (PAP), in aqueous solution has been investigated in an environmentally friendly advanced oxidation Fenton process. Effects of various operating parameters such as pH of solutions, dosage of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions, initial PAP concentration and temperature on the degradation of PAP have been studied using a batch stirred ceil. Degradation kinetics for this pollutant was also investigated to determine the apparent rate constants (min-1)- The optimum conditions for the degradation of PAP solution (200-500 mg/dm3) were found to be pH = 3.0, 2400 mg H2O2dm, 300 mg Fe2+/dm3, 30°C. Under the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency of PAP was 75% after 50 min of reaction. It was observed that process parameters play a major role in the overall degradation process.

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Modelowanie procesów migracji zanieczyszczeń organicznych w środowisku wodnym

58%

Żukowska B. , Pacyna J. , Namieśnik J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2007

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tom Vol. 14, nr S4

455-472

PL

Przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z modelowaniem migracji związków chemicznych w środowisku. Zamieszczono także sposób konstruowania modeli i przegląd najważniejszych typów modeli migracji wraz z przykładami oraz wyniki, jakie można uzyskać za pomocą poszczególnych grup modeli. W pracy zawarto również podział modeli migracji ze względu na sposób przedstawienia transportu zanieczyszczeń, poziom komplikacji i zakres obszaru modelowania. Szczególny nacisk położono na przedstawienie abiotycznych modeli migracji opartych na koncepcji lotności.

EN

Problems connected with modelling of the chemicals migration in environment are the matter under discussion. The way of building the models and the review of the most important types of models with examples as well as the results possible to achieve using these groups of models are presented. The elaboration also contains the division of models with respect to way of presenting the chemicals transport. the complication level and the range of modelled area. Special emphasis was put on the submission of abiotic models based on the fugacity concept.