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EN
Presented studies investigated the specificity of visual and auditory modalities in attentional processing of emotion, and its association with temperamental dimensions and trait-like attentional control (AC). During preliminary study 30 participants were presented with the paper-pencil visual search task (Emotional Faces Attentional Test) and emotional prosody detection tasks (Emotional Prosody Test). Results revealed visual happiness superiority and auditory sadness superiority. During the main study, in addition to attentional performance, 51 subjects were administrated two questionnaires: EPQ-R and Attentional Control Scale. Introducing individual differences into analysis limited the general pattern of modality distinctiveness in attentional processing of emotional stimuli obtained in the preliminary study. Findings for all personality traits studied separately showed that Extraversion and low Neuroticism were associated with the visual sadness superiority. Whereas interactional analysis indicated effective visual threat processing in extraverts with good AC and effective friendly prosody detection when Neuroticism and AC remain in inverse relationship. Hence, we have found that processing emotional targets in both modalities is associated with temperament dimensions and their interactions with attentional control. Additionally, findings from both studies suggest that general psychological laws might be challenged by individual differences.
EN
This article is about the mechanisms of learning and using a suprasegmental structure of language in social interactions, in order to provide information about emotions. The issue is discussed in the context of the biological and social standards. It is also related to the possibility of using emotional prosody by persons with different speech disorders: caused by perceptual efficiency deficits (for example in hearing loss) and executive efficiency deficits (in dysarthria in cerebral palsy).
EN
Presented studies investigated the specificity of visual and auditory modalities in attentional processing of emotion, and its association with temperamental dimensions and trait-like attentional control (AC). During preliminary study 30 participants were presented with the paper-pencil visual search task (Emotional Faces Attentional Test) and emotional prosody detection tasks (Emotional Prosody Test). Results revealed visual happiness superiority and auditory sadness superiority. During the main study, in addition to attentional performance, 51 subjects were administrated two questionnaires: EPQ-R and Attentional Control Scale. Introducing individual differences into analysis limited the general pattern of modality distinctiveness in attentional processing of emotional stimuli obtained in the preliminary study. Findings for all personality traits studied separately showed that Extraversion and low Neuroticism were associated with the visual sadness superiority. Whereas interactional analysis indicated effective visual threat processing in extraverts with good AC and effective friendly prosody detection when Neuroticism and AC remain in inverse relationship. Hence, we have found that processing emotional targets in both modalities is associated with temperament dimensions and their interactions with attentional control. Additionally, findings from both studies suggest that general psychological laws might be challenged by individual differences.
EN
People use their voices to communicate not only verbally but also emotionally. This article presents theories and methodologies that concern emotional vocalizations at the intersection of psychology and digital signal processing. Specifically, it demonstrates the encoding (production) and decoding (recognition) of emotional sounds, including the review and comparison of strategies in database design, parameterization, and classification. Whereas psychology predominantly focuses on the subjective recognition of emotional vocalizations, digital signal processing relies on automated and thus more objective vocal affect measures. The article aims to compare these two approaches and suggest methods of combining them to achieve a more complex insight into the vocal communication of emotions.
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EN
The development of prosodic competence in children is a complex process. Various, often conflicting developmental paths have been proposed in the literature, with both the general testing method and language specific factors seeming to be responsible for the variety of the outcomes. In the present study receptive prosodic skills of over 100 Polish children aged 3;6–11 were assessed and compared to the skills of young adults (20–30) in three tasks; emotion recognition of single word utterances, question vs. statement distinction, and synthetic vs. recorded human voice discrimination. No age effect was found in the emotion recognition task; the question vs. statement distinction ability had a clear developmental threshold at the age between 7 and 8, and the ability to spot rhythmic and temporal distortions of synthetic speech gradually improved with age, but was generally not developed in 3;6 to 5;6 year olds. The results suggest a complex path of acquisition of the above skills.
Logopedia
|
2020
|
tom 49
|
nr 1
153-166
PL
Dobrze rozwinięta sprawność odbioru i rozumienia prozodii emocjonalnej sprawia, że staje się ona w procesie komunikacji cennym źródłem informacji o emocjach osób komunikujących się czy ich komforcie. Wzajemne odczytywanie przez uczestników aktu komunikacji informacji zakodowanych w prozodii reguluje przebieg komunikacji i pozwala na jego modyfikację. W artykule opisano wyniki badań wstępnych nad percepcją wyrażonych prozodycznie emocji: radości, smutku i złości oraz wypowiedzeń neutralnych emocjonalnie. Przebadano 16 polskojęzycznych osób dorosłych z uszkodzonym narządem słuchu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na to, że osoby z niedosłuchem, które wzięły udział w badaniu, mają trudności z odczytywaniem informacji obecnych w prozodii emocjonalnej. Sformułowano również kilka wniosków, które mogą stanowić hipotezy wyjściowe w kolejnych badaniach, przeprowadzonych w liczniejszych i bardziej jednorodnych grupach.
EN
A well-developed skill of receiving and understanding emotional prosody makes it a valuable source of information about the emotions of communicating people or their comfort in the communication process. The mutual reading of information encoded in prosody by the participants of the act of communication regulates the course of communication and allows for its modification. The article describes the results of the preliminary research on the perception of prosodically expressed emotions: joy, sadness and anger, as well as emotionally neutral utterances. 16 Polishspeaking adults with hearing impairment were examined.. The obtained results indicate that people with hearing loss who took part in the study have difficulties with reading information present in emotional prosody. Several conclusions were also formulated, which may constitute the initial hypotheses in subsequent studies, conducted in more numerous and more homogeneous groups.
EN
 There are intersubjective, non-linguistic means of expressing emotions. People get to know them through participation in social interactions. Therefore they learn how to show their emotions in a way that is understandable to others and recognize other people’s emotions. Two interrelated inquiries were carried out. The first one was an online survey, which was attended by adults. Their task was to recognize the emotion expressed by a person depicted in realistic photography. The second inquiry was an auditory test, which was attended by university students of the speech and language therapy and audiology. The recordings used in the auditory test were performed with the participation of adults that are not educated actors. Students were asked to recognize the emotions of a person speaking, on the basis of short utterances. Each expression has no broader context and its semantics was emotionally neutral. Recognized emotions are divided into the following groups: “rejoicing”, “sadness”, “anger”, and “emotional neutrality”. The results of both tests yielded answers to, among others, the following questions. Are adults able to effectively recognize someone else’s emotions when they have only visual or auditory modalities at their disposal? Do difficulties in recognizing emotions depend on sensory modality? Which emotions have similar expression? 
PL
Istnieją intersubiektywne pozajęzykowe środki ekspresji emocji. Człowiek poznaje je poprzez uczestnictwo w interakcjach społecznych. Dzięki temu uczy się okazywania swoich emocji w sposób zrozumiały dla innych oraz sam rozpoznaje cudze emocje. Przeprowadzono dwa powiązane ze sobą badania. Pierwsze z nich miało postać internetowej ankiety, w której wzięły udział osoby dorosłe. Ich zadaniem było rozpoznanie, jaką emocję wyraża osoba przedstawiona na realistycznej fotografii. Drugie badanie to test audytywny, w którym wzięli udział studenci kierunku logopedia z audiologią. Nagrania wykorzystane w teście audytywnym zostały wykonane z udziałem dorosłych, zdrowych, niekształconych aktorsko osób. Zadaniem studentów było rozpoznanie emocji osoby mówiącej na podstawie krótkiej, pozbawionej szerszego kontekstu, wypowiedzi, której semantyka była emocjonalnie neutralna. Rozpoznawane emocje ujęto w następujące grupy: „cieszenie się”, „smucenie się”, „złoszczenie się” i „neutralność emocjonalna”. Wyniki obu badań przyniosły odpowiedzi m.in. na następujące pytania: Czy osoby dorosłe potrafią skutecznie rozpoznawać emocje wyłącznie na podstawie jednej modalności – wzrokowej lub słuchowej? Czy modalność sensoryczna ma znaczenie dla trudności w rozpoznawaniu emocji? Które emocje charakteryzują się zbliżoną ekspresją?
PL
Niniejszy artykuł opisuje, w jaki sposób osoby w normie biologicznej oraz osoby z różnego typu zaburzeniami mowy używają struktur suprasegmentalnych języka w celu wyrażania emocji. Przedstawione zostały wyniki własnych badań pilotażowych. W celu ich obiektywizacji wykorzystano metodologię akustyki mowy. Autorka podejmuje próbę scharakteryzowania ekspresji wybranych emocji za pomocą parametrów akustycznych sygnału mowy w celu wyznaczenia jej uniwersalnych wzorców. Wnioskuje również o wpływie deficytów sprawności percepcyjnych (w niedosłuchu) oraz realizacyjnych (w dyzartrii w mózgowym porażeniu dziecięcym) na prozodię emocjonalną.
EN
This article describes how do people in the biological norm and people with various types of speech disorders use suprasegmental structures of language to express emotions. It presents the results of pilot studies, based on an experiment. To objectify them, the methodology of speech acoustics was applied. The author attempts to characterize the expression of selected emotions using acoustic parameters of the speech signal in order to determine its universal patterns. She also draws conclusions about the impact of the perceptual efficiency deficits (in hearing loss) and executive efficiency deficits (in dysarthria in cerebral palsy) to emotional prosody.
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