Conditions for the indirect transesophageal atrial stimulation (TAS), useful for cardiac diagnosis and treatment, are optimized both by way of clinical experiment and a computer modelling. The paper demonstrates the results of comparison of electric current density, obtained on the surface of the left atrium during computer modelling, with the results of our own experiments. An evaluation was made with the use of spiral CT scanning of the distance between the esophagus and the posterior wall of the left atrium. The average distance in the tested group of 27 subjects was 4.7 ±σ = 1.1 mm. During transesophageal stimulation, we have determined the average excitation threshold of the left atrium, obtaining the value 5.5 ±σ = 1.8 mA in the examined group of 27 patients. The calculated average current density on the surface of left atrium for the selective electrode with point poles used in the experiment amounted to 39.6 μA/mm2. Electric current densities obtained by other researchers by means of computer modelling for omnidirectional and selective ring electrodes turned out to be much lower after adjustment to similar conditions, which was the result of electrically active larger sizes surfaces of the poles of electrodes used in the modelling.
W pracy porównano wyniki oznaczeń zawartości chlorku sodu w wędlinach i serach z zastosowaniem metod jonometrycznych i odwoławczych.
EN
This work investigates the feasibility of using the Detektor ion-selective electrode to determine chloride ions in meat and dairy products. 11 pork-buchers's product classes and 7 cheese categories available on the detail market were used in the experiment. NaCl was determined by the reference methods (according to PN) and by the ionometric method using the following techniques: 1. direct potential measurement, 2. addition of the standard to the sample, 3. ionometric titration. Method 1 gave results which were 3 times lower, method 2 - ten times lower, and method 3 gave results which were compatible with the reference methods. Accordingly, the electrode is useful for ionometric titration and may eliminate visual assessment of precipitate colour change by replacing it with an objective potentiometer or ionometer indicator.
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