The problem of reflection and refraction phenomenon due to longitudinal and transverse waves incident obliquely at a plane interface between uniform elastic solid half-space and thermoelastic diffusive solid half-space has been studied. It is found that the amplitude ratios of various reflected and refracted waves are functions of angle of incidence, frequency of incident wave and are influenced by the elastic properties of media. The expressions of amplitude ratios and energy ratios are obtained in closed form. The amplitude ratios and energy ratios have been computed numerically for a particular model. The variations of energy ratios with angle of incidence are shown graphically. The conservation of energy across the interface is verified. Some particular cases are also discussed.
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The paper presents a structure test system developed for monitoring structural health, and discusses the results of laboratory experiments conducted on notched strip specimens made of various materials (aluminium, steel, Plexiglas). The system takes advantage of elastic wave signals actuated and sensed by a surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers. The structure responses recorded are then subjected to a procedure of signal processing and feature’s extraction, which includes digital filters, wavelets decomposition, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), etc. A pattern database defined was used to train artificial neural networks and to establish a structure diagnosis system. As a consequence, two levels of damage identification problem were performed: novelty detection and damage evaluation. The system’s accuracy and reliability were veri?ed on the basis of experimental data. The results obtained have proved that the system can be used for the analysis of simple as well as complex signals of elastic waves and it can operate as an automatic Structure Health Monitoring system.
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań nad wykorzystaniem zjawiska propagacji fali sprężystej do detekcji uszkodzeń. W tym celu zastosowano opracowany spektralny belkowy element skończony z poprzecznym pęknięciem zmęczeniowym oraz algorytm optymalizacyjny łączący losowy charakter algorytmów genetycznych i dokładność metod gradientowych.
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The paper presents results of using propagation of elastic waves for damage detection. For this purpose there was new spectral beam element with a transverse, open and not propagating crack used. There was also proposed optimisation method utilized. This method takes advantage of the stochastic character of genetic algorithm and accuracy of gradient methods.
W artykule przedstawiono wykorzystanie sieci przetworników piezoelektrycznych do wykrywania uszkodzeń. Stosowane przetworniki służą do generowania oraz rejestrowania fal sprężystych. Różnice w propagacji fali sprężystej, jakie powstają w wyniku zmian własności fizycznych i mechanicznych, są wykorzystywane w proponowanym algorytmie wykrywania uszkodzeń. Czułość algorytmu detekcji uszkodzeń bardzo ściśle zależy między innymi od liczby stosowanych czujników oraz ich rozmieszczenia.
EN
This paper presents application of optimal piezoelectric transducers (in short PZT) in damage detection systems. This system uses fact that any changes of material properties, such as for example local stiffness change caused due to fatigue crack development, affects wave propagation. These disturbances can be easily registered and algorithm can be constructed for identification and localization of such damages. Elastic waves are excited and registered through application of PZT transducers. The sensitivity of damage detection algorithm depend on among other things number and configuration of sensors.
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The paper discusses the results of laboratory experiments i n which three independent measurement techniques were compared: a digital oscilloscope, phased array acquisition system, a laser vibrometer 3D. These techniques take advantage of elastic wave signals actuated and sensed by a surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers as well as non-contact measurements. In these e xperiments two samples of aluminum strips were investigated while the damage was modeled by drilling a hole. The structure responses recorded were then subjected to a procedure of signal processing, and features’ extraction was done by PrincipalComponents Analysis. A pattern database defined was used to train artificial neural networks for the purpose of damage detection.
W pracy przedstawiano wyniki symulacji propagacji poprzecznej fali sprężystej w płycie kompozytowej. Zagadnienie to rozwiązywane jest za pomocą zaproponowanych w pracy modeli zbudowanych na podstawie metodym spektralnych elementów skończonych. Badano wpływ kąta ułożenia włókien wzmacniających oraz ich procentowej zawartości na propagację fali. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwości wykorzystania zmian w propagującej się fali do wykrywania uszkodzeń w płytach.
EN
This paper presents results of numerical simulation of the propagation of a transverse elastic wave in a composite plate. The problem is solved by the use of proposed algorithm formulated on the base of the Spectral Finite Element Method. The influence of orientations of reinforcing fibres and their volume fraction on wave propagation has been investigated. It has been paying attention to application of changes in propagating waves on damage detection in structures.