Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Undertaking Economic Activity in the Light of New Provisions

100%

Góralczyk W.

Contemporary Central and East European Law

|

1988

|

nr 3-4(79-80)

25-40

2

L’examen et le règlement des affaires èconomiques à la lumière de la loi du 24 mai 1989

63%

Misiuk T.

Contemporary Central and East European Law

|

1989

|

nr 1-4(81-84)

41-55

3

Zaangażowanie Zgromadzenia Salezjańskiego na rzecz rozwoju społecznego. Wczoraj i dziś

63%

dal Covolo E.

|

2010

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

This article applies to the social dimension of the Salesian mission. Subject was, chronologically, included in the three points. The article begins with the presentation of the social aspect of the life of the Founder of the Salesians – St. John Bosco. Then it moves to the activity of Bl. Michael Rua and the contribution of other saints, the servants of God and candidates for sainthood from the Salesian Family. The last point indicates a variety of pro-social activities in the above mentioned areas in recent years. This article, of which the author is the Postulator for the Causes of Saints of the Salesian Family, is a contribution to the celebration of 150th anniversary of the Salesian Congregation (1859 – 2009).

4

Polish Foreign Investment Law (The Law of December 23, 1988 on economic activity with the participation of foreign parties)

63%

Piontek E.

Contemporary Central and East European Law

|

1988

|

nr 3-4(79-80)

41-54

5

Social responsibility in business in theory and practice

51%

Paliwoda-Matiolańska A.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

|

2012

|

tom Nr 2 (223)

175-187

EN

Currently it is possible to observe regular and coherent evolution of thinking about the meaning of natural and social environment for the contemporary human, as well as about multilateral understanding of health, well-being and quality of life of an individual. This evolution has naturally developed the discourse concerning the issue of place and role of business in society and the contemporary sources of competitive advantage, as well as economic circumstances. The necessity to stop treating environmental and social aspects as obstacles for development is becoming apparent. Instead, there is a trend towards regarding them as an instrument supporting efficient functioning of the economy. Moreover, the importance of non-material factors contributing to the value of a company is growing. Social awareness is growing as well. There are three sources of pressure on commercial entities aimed at boosting their social involvement: 1. The value of a company will to a large extent depend on the social context In which it is created. 2. The society will demand greater involvement in solving social issues and will put pressure on the civic attitude of companies. 3. Growing social and environmental problems will require solutions from efficient commercial entities. In a community business activity creates the feeling of common goals and the conviction based on the assumption that each person's success depends on the success of others. Both practice and theoretical deliberations show that efficient social responsibility policy of a company is based on common creation of social and economic value. It focuses on searching for economic results of social involvement, as well as partners allowing for operational application of social activities for the achievement of planned targets. This has aroused interest in partnership between sectors as a form of efficient implementation of the companys’ social responsibility policy. The goal of this article is to present the evolution of the concept of social responsibility together with its integration with the processes of management of a contemporary company, as well as presentation of intersectoral partnership as a basis for companies’ involvement in the environmental and social sphere in practice.

6

Criteria used in the LFS to identify the population’s economic activity status vs. the respondents’ subjective views: implications for unemployment research

51%

Kołodziejczak W.

Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics

|

2018

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nr vol. 22 no. 3

99-113

EN

In the Labour Force Survey (LFS) the interviewees are considered as employed, unemployed or professionally inactive based on “objective” criteria defined in the survey’s methodological assumptions (e.g. the fact that a person is seeking employment, waiting to start work or worked at least one hour in the reference week). In use since 1992, the above approach allows the classification to be unaffected by the respondents’ subjective feelings. Since 2006, LFS respondents have been also allowed to identify their economic activity status by themselves. The objective of this paper is to indicate and attempt to explain the differences between the results based on the identification of economic activity statuses as per the criteria adopted by the Central Statistical Office and the LFS respondents’ own assessment of their economic activity status. This paper assessed the rationale behind each approach and the implications thereof for the procedure and results of unemployment surveys from a static and dynamic perspective.

7

O znaczeniu normalizacji w działalności gospodarczej

51%

Łunarski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2009

|

tom z. 76 [261]

5-6

8

Reglamentacja działalności gospodarczej w zakresie odbierania odpadów komunalnych od właścicieli nieruchomości oraz opróżniania zbiorników bezodpływowych

51%

Piotrowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2013

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nr 911

65-76

EN

Municipalities are required to organise the collection of municipal waste from property owners where residents live. Amendments to the Act of 13 September 1996 on maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities, which entered into force on 1 January 2012, made changes to the business responsible for collecting and transporting waste from property owners and the emptying of septic tanks and transportation of liquid waste. The amendment of the law replaced the requirement to register regulated activity only for businesses engaged in activities related to the collection of waste but left alone the required licensing of companies engaged in emptying septic tanks and transporting liquid waste. This decision is questionable from the point of view of the principle of proportionality in restricting the freedom of economic activity.

9

Interpretacja art. 45 ust. 1 ustawy z 26 stycznia 2018 r. o Straży Marszałkowskiej (w zakresie pojęcia „zajęcia zarobkowe”)

51%

Galińska-Rączy I.

|

nr 4(60)

193-202

EN

The statutory prohibition on taking up paid employment is the most rigorous one among analogous restrictions on regarding functionaries of other uniformed services. This regulation prohibits officers of the Parliament’s Guard from undertaking other gaining activities than the ones of scientific or scientific-didactic nature, to which the Chief of the Chancellery of the Sejm consents on condition that it does not interfere with the performance of official tasks. The Parliamentary Guardian also cannot run his own economic activity.

10

Likwidacja postępowania odrębnego w sprawach gospodarczych a zasada szybkości postępowania

51%

Król B.

|

tom nr 5

58-59

PL

W dniu 19 sierpnia 2011 r. Sejm RP uchwalił ustawę nowelizującą dużą część przepisów Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, która weszła w życie w dniu 3 maja 2012 r. Jedną ze zmian przewidzianych w nowelizacji jest likwidacja postępowania odrębnego w sprawach gospodarczych (art. 479 (1) – 479 (22) k.p.c.) i poddanie spraw pomiędzy przedsiębiorcami w zakresie prowadzonej przez nich działalności gospodarczej ogólnym regułom obowiązującym w procesie cywilnym. Tego rodzaju zmiana automatycznie nasuwa pytanie dotyczące szybkości rozpoznawania spraw pomiędzy przedsiębiorcami na gruncie nowych przepisów.

11

Gwarancje jakości prawa w przepisach Ustawy z dnia 6 marca 2018 r. – Prawo przedsiębiorców

51%

Etel M.

|

nr 3 (43)

35-55

EN

The legal situation of entrepreneurs in Poland is determined by a huge number of normative acts. However, the legislator’s interest in entrepreneurs and economic activity should not come as a surprise. Indeed, an economically conscious state cannot afford to be indifferent to the entrepreneur and, even in a market economy, should normatively regulate the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities and shape the rights and obligations in this regard. It must also be remembered that the matter to be regulated is very broad, complex and multi- faceted, and the law must take into account the enormous diversity of relationships, roles, events and facts in which the entrepreneur functions in connection with their economic activity. On this basis, it can be assumed that the law that determines the rules for undertaking, performing and terminating economic activities is natural and necessary. Nevertheless, it should be clearly emphasized that the quality of the law shaping the situation of entrepreneurs and their economic activities should be prioritized as an overriding and fundamental value – the appropriate quality of the law (i.e., properly enacted and applied) is a sine qua non of economic development, while a lack of quality in the sphere of lawmaking and application makes it difficult or even impossible for entrepreneurs to function, and thus leads to stagnation or regression in the economy. The study is focused on the guarantees of the quality of lawmaking and application empowered by the Act of 6 III 2018 – Entrepreneurs’ Law. Analyzing the provisions of this act makes it possible to identify the regulations focused on the quality of lawmaking and application. The study also aims to answer the question: Can the guarantees set out in this Act contribute to improving the quality of lawmaking and application of the law on the undertaking, conduct and termination of economic activity?

12

Economic Activity of Residents and Revenue Autonomy of Municipalities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

51%

Sobczyk A. , Budzeń D.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

|

2022

|

tom 56

|

nr 3

127-147

EN

Theoretical background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has had far reaching effects on different strata of socio-economic life, including the financial well-being of residents and the financial situation of local government units. Generally, research papers either approach “local development” conceptually or quantify data regarding a certain locality: demographic structure, residents’ education, condition of the labour market, residents’ income and their technological literacy. This paper is an attempt to arrive at a larger picture and identify the interdependence between economic activity of residents and financial autonomy of the local government, and secondly, to pinpoint the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on these categories.Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identify residents’ income sources and the dependence between them and the development potential of the municipality they live in. The paper examines residents’ revenue, income and income tax advance payments. The survey covers all municipalities in Poland according to their formal administrative status: urban, rural, urban-rural and cities with powiat rights. The research covers the period of 2015–2020, as per data availability.Research methods: The paper applied monograph methodology to review the literature on the subject, and comparative methodology to process quantitative data, which allowed the authors to calculate all deviations. Next, the economic phenomena were assessed, i.e. their nature (positive or negative) and frequency of occurrence were determined according to an assessment scale where the base is the starting point. The structure of the number of taxpayers, their revenues and incomes was compared by sources of income, in result of which hierarchy of income sources was created for each municipality. Following that, the main income sources were analysed and correlated with the municipality’s own (tax) revenue. To enable comparability of diagnostic variables, the zero unitarisation method was applied.Main findings: The findings reveal that the main sources of residents’ income include salaries, pensions and disability pensions, non-agricultural economic activity, wages and contractual income. Revenue streams generated from residents’ economic activity show a variance across municipalities. The results obtained confirm the dependence between residents’ economic activity and own revenue sources of local government units. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the relationship between taxpayers’ income from particular sources and revenue autonomy of municipalities and cities with powiat rights varies by the type of municipality. Thus, the findings clearly demonstrate that residents’ economic activity is an endogenous resource that definitely affects municipal development. For local authorities, understanding economic realities of residents may be a game changer and an insight that will help them create environments conducive to socioeconomic growth.

13

Application of the Logit Model to the Analysis of Economic Activity Factors of the Disabled

51%

Śliwicki D. , Ręklewski M.

|

tom 5

|

nr 3

75-92

EN

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the classification as a working group of economically active people with disabilities. According to the Labour Force Survey methodology, working population is defined as labor resources, labor supply and labor force, which includes all people of working-age 15 and older, considered as employed or unemployed. Community of people with disabilities is extracted from the general population aged 15 and more, on the basis of law. People with disabilities include those aged 16 and over who have been awarded a judgment about the degree of disability or inability to work (CSO 2011). In the analyses of the labor market models with qualitative variables, which include logit models, are very often used. For the purpose of the study it was as-sumed that these models will describe the probability of a person with a disability to qualify for the category of employed. The basis for estimating probability mod-els were individual data obtained under representative Labour Force Survey in the fourth quarter of 2010. A set of explanatory variables contains 54 binary variables.

14

LABOUR MARKET IN POLAND FOR WOMEN AND MEN 50+

51%

Gajda J. B. , Wiktorowicz J.

Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych

|

2014

|

tom 15

|

nr 1

29-36

EN

Population ageing is one of the major challenges of modern Europe. In this context is worth to assessment the differences in the situation of women and men aged 50+ on the labour market. In the area of interest are primarily people aged 50-59/64, which are at this stage of life in which the situation on the labour market is particularly difficult. Paper was prepared mainly on the basis of the unpublished data developed within the project “Equalisation of Opportunities in the Labour Market for People Aged 50+”. The analysis was conducted with the application of basic descriptive statistics, as well as chi-squared test. Comparing income of women and men aged 50+, t-Student test and median test for independent samples, as well as one- and two-way analysis of variance were used.

15

Czy ustawa – Prawo przedsiębiorców ogranicza kompetencje kontrolne NIK – głos w dyskusji

51%

Nowak-Far A.

|

2019

|

tom 64

|

nr 2 (385)

68-86

EN

The intention of the authors of the act of 2018 – Entrepreneurs’ Law (Polish: UPP) was to have the regulation cover a wide group of bodies mandated to audit businesses. With regard to the Supreme Audit Office this objective was not, however, met. This is due to the nature of NIK’s audits – which is state auditing – rather than administrative control, conducted for the legislative branch – the Sejm, which is mandated to present its proposals for audits, to be included in the NIK’s work plan, concerned with the executive branch. If the provisions set forth in Chapter 5 of the Entrepreneurs’ Law were applied, the control function of the Sejm would be significantly limited. In his article, the author attempts to answer the question whether the limitations set forth in the Law should be applied by NIK during its audits concerning entrepreneurs.

16

Wykorzystanie potencjału zawodowego osób starszych – polska perspektywa

51%

Niewiadomska A.

Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia

|

2014

|

nr 2 (2)

91-106

EN

Increasing labor force participation of the elderly is one of the main goals of labor market policy in Poland. In view of the growing share of older people in the total population, raising the efficiency of exploiting their potential career becomes even more significant. This is all the more important, in view of the decision to gradually raise the retirement age, which means the lengthening of professional activity. The purpose of this article is to identify the degree of utilization of the professional potential of the elderly people in Poland. The identification was made on the basis of the analysis of the actual changes in the economic activity of the elderly that were taken in the past. In addition, attempts to assess the current activities for the activation of the older labor force were undertaken.

17

Economic Activity of Groups Being in a Specific Situation in the Labour Market in the Lodz Province

51%

Żmurkow-Poteralska E.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

|

2017

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

181-195

EN

The aim of this study is to determine the structure of economic activity among selected groups of individuals experiencing the greatest difficulties in the labour market, especially: people under the age of 30, people over the age of 50, persons with disabilities, women and people caring for dependents, as well as the characteristics of these particular groups. The study includes a deepened analysis of the employment structure by employment status, work contract and working time in the analysed groups. Also the reasons for part-time work and economic inactivity have been identified. The study uses cross-sectional data from the Labour Force Survey for the fourth quarter of 2013 as well as the data from The Assessment of Resources of Social Assistance in the Lodz Region for the year 2015 and covers the Lodz province.

18

Personal income tax from economic activity in Ukraine: some key issues and ways of solution

51%

Rybchak V. , Barabash L.

Economic and Regional Studies

|

2015

|

tom 08

|

nr 4

19

Krajowy Rejestr Sadowy i dzialalnosc gospodarcza

51%

Ralowska Z.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

|

2001

|

nr 02

19

20

Economic activity of Polish pensioners in the light of quantitative research

51%

Bielawska K.

|

tom 14

|

nr 1

149-165

EN

Research background: Despite the economic development, accompanied by various structural reforms (including pension reform of 1999), the effective retirement age in Poland is relatively low. Participants of the social insurance scheme tend to apply for the old-age pension as soon as possible (when they reach the statutory retirement age). Purpose of the article: The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the determinants of the economic activity of seniors in Poland taking the old-age pension form Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) as a regular or occasional work, in comparison to those who are not performing any paid activity. Methods: We use the data from the survey carried out in 2018 on the representative sample of Polish seniors aged 65+ for whose households the old-age pension from ZUS (1336 pensioners who retired between 1980?s up to 2018) is the main source of income. Multinominal logistic regression was performed to study how gender, retirement timing, education level and period of retirement as well as reasons for retirement influenced the likelihood to continue regular or occasional work. Findings & Value added: Multinominal logistic regression for women confirms that higher education increases chances for continuing regular work on the retirement comparing to those having secondary education. Retirement due to the reaching the pensionable age made women more likely to continue work on regular basis, while those who retired due to the bankruptcy of the employer were less likely to be employed during retirement. Retirement due to the preservation of pension privileges increased chances to continue work on the occasional basis among women and men. For men who reported employment - related factors as retirement drivers, the chances of performing occasional work were high and of highly statistical significant. This research delivers knowledge on drivers of regular or occasional paid activity combined with receiving old-age pension from social insurance system in Poland.