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2 2024

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Using Heavy Metals Pollution Indices for Assessment of Tigris River Water within Al-Tarmiya City, Northern Baghdad, Iraq

100%

Majeed O. S. , Ibraheem A. K.

2024

tom Vol. 25, iss. 3

113--123

The objectives of the study were to (1) identify and measure the concentration of five toxic elements in the Tigris water, (2) determine the threat of these metals in water by various pollution indices such as pollution index (PI) as single index, metal index (MI) as integrated index, and potential ecological risk index (PERI) to assess the ecological risk. The results of this study showed that PI values for most elements were at nonaffected levels, except for Pb and Al metals, which were within slight and moderate levels, respectively. Whereas MI values indicate that all sites fall within a threshold of warning level. For the contamination factor, the values mostly lie in the low contamination level, except Al lies within the moderate range, which led to an increase in the contamination degree. For risk assessment, the values of ecological risk factors for all metals at all sites were within a low-risk level, less than 40. Also, the values of the ecological risk index in all sites were at a low-risk level, recorded at 17.70, 22.92, 22.62, and 21.79 in sites 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. We can conclude that the decrease in the levels of Er led to a decrease in the levels of PERI and vice versa.

An Investigation of Microplastic Occurrence and Heavy Metals Concentrations in Street Dust on the Left Side of Mosul City, Iraq

84%

Almola M. A. , Al-Ahmady K. K. , Mhemid R. K. S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

tom Vol. 25, nr 9

116--132

The issue of street dust pollution is primarily related to levels of microplastic particles (MPs) and heavy metals, raising concerns about their potential risk to the environment. In this work, twenty street dust samples with three replicates were collected from different areas (residential, commercial, and industrial) on the left side of Mosul city/Iraq, to investigate the presence of MPs and study their characteristics. Additionally, to assess the potential ecological risk impact of twelve heavy metals. Among the 60 dust samples taken from the streets, an average of MPs ranging between 244 and 2760 per 15 grams of dust was detected. Most of these plastic particles were transparent fragments with sizes varying from less than 10 to 200 µm as observed through a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, results from FTIR analysis indicated that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was the dominant polymer type found in MPs, accounting for around 63%. The levels of metal in road dust were assessed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showing that quantification of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Hg, and Pb surpassed the background values of world soils among the twelve elements studied. Variation coefficients (VCs) coupled with enrichment and contamination factors revealed that Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb are associated with both sources (anthropogenic and natural). On the other hand, Mn, Fe, and Ni originate from natural sources. Calculated potential ecological risk (Er) indicated high ecological risk by Hg. Approximately half of the samples exhibited moderate ecological risk indices (RI).