Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Vermicomposting as an Alternative Method of Sludge Treatment

100%

Boruszko D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 2

22--28

EN

The article presents the results of the research from several years of exploitation of the vermiculture plots located in the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Zambrów. It is the only facility in Poland where the vermicompost from municipal sewage sludge has been produced continuously since 2004 (for 16 years). The results of tests of ready-made vermicomposts conducted regularly twice a year (32 tests) were subjected to a simple statistical analysis. The vermicompost analyses of heavy metals, biogenic compounds, organic matter and selected macroelements were compared with the requirements for mineral-organic fertilizers. In terms of the heavy metals content, the highest total content was observed in the first year of plots exploitation, i.e. in 2004, when it amounted to over 1200 mg-1 kg DM. The lowest sum content of heavy metals in vermicomposts, amounting to 398 mg-1 kg DM, was recorded in 2017. The median total content of heavy metals from all observations was 821 mg-1 kg DM. During the whole research period, the content of nutrients in vermicomposts was high, for nitrogen it ranged from 9.8 g-1 kg DM to 31.1 g-1 kg DM (median 14.3 g-1 kg DM), whereas for phosphorus it ranged from 2.1 g-1 kg DM to 14.5 g-1 kg DM (median 5.5 g-1 kg DM). The content of organic matter in the whole several-year study period was high and ranged from 21.3% DM to 59.0% DM (median 33.1% DM). The conducted research confirmed that the use of California earthworm in the process of municipal sewage sludge vermicomposting results in its good mineralization and humification, and the final product (vermicompost) may be a valuable mineral-organic fertilizer.

2

Ecomorphological Groups of Earthworms Found in a Beech Wood in the Bieszczady National Park (South-Eastern Poland)

100%

Kostecka J. , Mazur-Pączka A. , Podolak A. , Pączka G. , Garczyńska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 4

153--158

EN

Earthworms play an important role in the soil quality, including forest soils. Their presence in zooedaphone, as well as their abundance and species diversity, indicate the state of the soil profile. The species diversity of the representatives of this group of macrofauna in a beech forest in the Bieszczady Mountains is recounted in this article. Earthworms were investigated in the soil of four sites selected near Ustrzyki Górne in Carpathian Dentario glandulosae – Fagetum beech woods within the Bieszczady National Park (sites in D. g. Fagetum festucetosum, – typicum, – lunarietosum and – allietosum), every month during the annual cycle during two periods: a/ in 1986–1987 and b/ in 2009–2010. It was done according to the Zicsi’s recommendations, using the Zajonc combinated method, on each site, six 25×25×20 cm samples were extracted. The soil was divided into two layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) and the earthworms were selected manually from them. From deeper layers, they were driven out with a weak (0.4%) formalin solution. In the 1980s, thirteen earthworm species were found (total of 1805 specimens) in the soil of four sites investigated. In a decreasing order of numbers there were: Dendrobaena alpina alpina (Rosa 1984), Allolobophora cernosvitoviana (Zicsi 1967), Aporectodea rosea rosea (Sav.,1826), Aporectodea caliginosa (Sav., 1826), Lumbricus terrestris L., 1758, Octolasium lacteum (Orley,1881), Allolobophora carpathica (Cog., 1927), Fitzingeria platyura montana (Cer., 1932), Octodrilus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884), Dendrobaena octaedra (Sav., 1826), Eisenia lucens (Waga, 1857), Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffm., 1843), Dendrodrilus rubidus tenuis (Eisen, 1874). Twenty years later, in the years 2009-2010, eleven earthworm species were found in the soil of the same four sites investigated (total of 660 specimens). There was no occurrence of L. rubellus, and O. transpadanus. For all the cited species, the vertical distribution dynamics in an annual cycle was investigated as well as the preferred soil layer in terms of soil profile. The features of the afore-mentioned earthworm species and the soil levels they prefer allowed their affiliation with the ecological groups defined by Bouche to be considered or determined. The knowledge on the association of earthworms to ecomorphological groups in natural or a slightly changed ecosystem is becoming very useful, for example at the time of the reclamation of degraded soils with Lumbricidae as bioindicators.

3

Lumbricidae Biodiversity at the Sites in Bieszczady Mountains (Poland) After 25 Years

100%

Kostecka J. , Mazur-Pączka A. , Pączka G. , Garczyńska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 19, nr 2

125--130

EN

Soil degradation is caused by geological, climatic and biological factors, as well as human activities. One kind of degradation involves loss of soil biodiversity as a result of global environmental changes. A study on earthworms was carried out near Ustrzyki Górne in the Bieszczady Mts (Poland), on a monthly basis, in 1986–1987 and 2009–2010 at various sites within the Carpathian beech forests (Fagetum carpaticum). During the years 1986–1987, a total of 13 species of earthworms were found: 6 species on site I, 8 species on site II, and 9 species were recorded within the site III. The highest abundance, i.e. 11 species was found on site IV. The study, which revisited the same locations in 2009–2010, identified only 10 species. In sites I, II and III, 7 earthworm species were found in each, and in site IV –10 species. The authors also investigated the factors endangering the fauna of earthworms in the Bieszczady Mountains, and following the example set by other countries which had made attempts to introduce earthworms into the red lists of the threatened species, it was proposed that such a procedure should be adopted for the endemic species O. transpadanus. It was also observed that specimens of L. terrestris had penetrated the natural areas of the National Park.

4

Kitchen Organic Waste as Material for Vermiculture and Source of Nutrients for Plants

100%

Kostecka J. , Garczyńska M. , Podolak A. , Pączka G. , Kaniuczak J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 6

267--274

EN

Departure from waste storage and maximisation of its utilization is currently the basis of modern waste management. This is favoured by the requirements defined in numerous legal instruments, including both EU directives and local regulations of member states. This also applies to organic waste, especially kitchen waste, which, with adequate education of the public, may constitute waste resources of very good quality to produce e.g. vermicomposts. It is very important, since soils of most European countries require continuous supply of organic matter to replenish humus and nutrients for the plants. The paper describes current trends in the production of kitchen organic waste. Since such waste has been vermicomposted for many years, advantages of this biotechnology have been presented and features of the produced vermicomposts have been characterised.

5

Relationship Between Vegetation Succession and Earthworm Population in Vineyards

88%

Hurajová E. , Barroso P. M. , Havela L. , Děkanovský I. , Winkler J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

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tom Vol. 25, nr 5

134--144

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of succession of vegetation on the population of earthworms in selected vineyards. Earthworms (Annelida, Lumbricidae) are an important group of soil invertebrates. The population of earthworms in vineyards is influenced by environmental conditions and human activities. The presence of earthworms is beneficial to the ecosystem of vineyards. Earthworms aerate the soil, improving the quality and structure of the soil in vineyards. They decompose organic matter, contribute to the formation of humus, and increase the soil fertility. Vegetation cover in vineyards affects earthworm populations. The vegetation species spectrum in the vineyard changes over time, as succession is controlled by human activity. The research took place between the years 2020 and 2023 in the wine-growing villages of Horní Dunajovice, Hostěradice, Miroslav and Miroslavská Knínice (Czech Republic). 4 species of earthworms have been recorded. Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. rosea occurre frequently in younger vineyards. Annual dicots supported the occurrence of Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. rosea. Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus are more common in older vineyards. Perennial species supported the occurrence of Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus. The annual grasse contributed to the occurrence of Lumbricus rubellus. Changes in the composition of the vineyard vegetation affect the occurrence of the observed species of earthworms.

6

Field and Laboratory Studies of the Earthworm Dendrobaena Alpina

88%

Kostecka J. , Butt K. R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 5

213--217

EN

Distribution of Dendrobaena alpina covers the mountainous region of central Europe, where it has a high dominance and frequency index. This work describes data from field studies conducted over two annual cycles in the Bieszczady National Park (BNP), Poland, in different types of beech forest. Densities of this species ranged from 47–231 g·m -2 with associated biomasses of 19–90 g·m -2. Most (66%) were recovered from less than 0.1 m soil depth with a further 28% from up to 0.2 m. Further, the animals were collected alive from Lutowiska, close to the BNP to obtain baseline data on the life history of D. alpina. Mature individuals were kept in isolation and cocoon production monitored on a 2 monthly basis. Immature individuals were kept until they reached maturity, when they were paired, with combined output of cocoons regularly monitored. Cocoons were collected, had their masses determined and were incubated. Hatchability was recorded, as was estimated duration of incubation and growth to maturity. Field-collected adults had a mean mass of 1.4 g and at 15 ºC, these produced an average of 1.83 cocoons·worm -1·month -1. Zero cocoons were produced by further specimens, collected as immature, grown to maturity and maintained in isolation. Recently-matured, paired D. alpina produced an average of 1.65 cocoons·worm -1·month -3. Cocoons had a mean mass of 19 mg. At 15 ºC, cocoons produced by recently matured adults hatched after 80 days (82% viable), but after 2 months the majority of cocoons failed to hatch. Hatchling growth from an average of 18 mg to maturity required 7–11 months in the given substrate.

7

Community Structure of Lumbricidae in Permanent Grassland and Arable Land

75%

Mazur-Pączka A. , Pączka G. , Kostecka J. , Garczyńska M. , Podolak A. , Szura R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

tom Vol. 20, nr 5

1--6

EN

Lumbricidae play a key role in the soil environment as “the ecosystem engineers”. They participate in all the categories of services provided by ecosystems. In agricultural areas, the conventional intensive farming practices have led to a significant decline in the biological diversity of soils including earthworms. In this study, we attempted to characterize the community structure of earthworms in permanent grassland and arable land of the Didactic & Experimental Station of Rzeszów University in Krasne near Rzeszów. Similar densities of earthworms were observed in the grassland and in the arable land (101.01 ± 18.03 ind. ∙ m-2 and 82.12 ± 18.26 ind. ∙ m-2, respectively) (p > 0.05) as well as a similar biomass of Lumbricidae (77.72 ± 15.30 g ∙ m-2 and 54.34 ± 11.72 g ∙ m-2) (p > 0.05). In the research, 7 species of earthworms were found in the permanent grassland and 6 representatives of Lumbricidae were identified in the arable land. The identified earthworms represented all three main morpho-ecological groups. The density and biomass of epi-endogeic earthworm L. rubellus and the anecic species of L. terrestris were shown to be higher (p < 0.05) in the grassland as compared to the arable land. In order to protect Lumbricidae and to sustain the beneficial role of earthworms in an ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor the negative changes in populations of earthworm species attributed to various farming practices.

8

The use of selected anaesthetic drugs in search of a method for improving earthworms’ welfare

75%

Podolak-Machowska A. , Kostecka J. , Librowski T. , Plytycz B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2013

|

tom Vol. 14, nr 3

83--88

EN

This paper describes selected effects of body contact of earthworms Dendrobaena veneta Rosa with local anaesthetic (LA) drugs used for human anesthesia (lidocaine and prilocaine) and anaesthetics for aquatic animals (MS-222). The findings showed safe and effective immobilization of earthworms with prilocaine at a concentration of 0.25-1%. At the applied concentrations lidocaine was safe, but less effective. On the other hand, MS-222, at the applied concentrations had a strongly irritating effect for earthworms and induced convulsive body movements connected with a discharge of coelomic fluid. The results may be relevant both for improving the welfare of earthworms during experiments and for the organization of research involving testing drugs on invertebrates. In this case, by using earthworms as an experimental model and by applying the method for measuring their mobility after contact with anaesthetics, which has been described in this article, it might be possible to replace experiments on guinea pigs, rabbits, rats and mice, which are expensive and require an approval of an ethics committee, with laboratory tests on earthworms.

9

Wermikompostowanie osadów ściekowych

75%

Bożym M.

Chemik

|

2016

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tom Vol. 70, nr 10

616--619

PL

Wermikompostowanie osadów ściekowych prowadzi się w celu ich stabilizacji oraz wytworzenia produktu stosowanego do celów przyrodniczych. Z tego względu osady poddawane wermikompostowaniu powinny zawierać wysoki udział materii organicznej oraz być wolne od zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych, i posiadać mały ładunek metali ciężkich. Dlatego najczęściej proces wermikompostowania prowadzi się w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków. Zastosowanie nawozowe wermikompostów dostarcza roślinom wielu składników odżywczych, polepsza właściwości fizyczne gleby oraz stopień jej nawożenia. Dodatkowo, ważne makroelementy obecne w osadach ściekowych stają się po procesie lepiej przyswajalne przez rośliny. W pracy opisano proces wermikompostowania osadów ściekowych, wady i zalety oraz możliwości dalszego wykorzystania wermikompostu.

EN

Vermicomposting process is carried out for stabilize of sewage sludge and production fertilizer for natural purposed. For this reason, vermicomposted sewage sludge should contain a high content of organic matter and to be free from microbiological and heavy metals contamination. Therefore, the most common process of vermicomposting is popular in small waste-water treatment plants. The usage of vermicomposted sewage sludge can supply nutrients to plants and also improve soil physical conditions and fertility. During vermicomposting, important macronutrients, present in the sewage sludge, are converted into the forms that are more available to plants. This paper describes the technology of vermicomposting of sewage sludge, the advantages and disadvantages of the process and directions for use of vermicompost.

10

Wpływ wody aktywnej biologicznie na dżdżownice (dendrobaena veneta rosa 1893) w obecności ksenobiotyku dar 25gr

63%

Kostecka J. , Garczyńska M. , Machniak P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2010

|

tom Nr 22

83-89

PL

Kompostowano odpady kuchenne w skrzynkach ekologicznych z udziałem dżdżownic Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1893. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu insektycydu DAR 2,5 GR (zastosowanego w celu eliminowania obecności muchówek) na dżdżownice. W doświadczeniu zastosowano wodę z kranu i wodę aktywną biologicznie. Wykazano pozytywny wpływ wody aktywnej biologicznie na liczebność i sumę biomasy składanych przez dżdżownice kokonów.

EN

In the research, kitchen wastes were vermicomposted in earthworm ecological boxes using earthworms Dendrobaena veneta Rosa 1893. The aim of the research was the analysis of the influence of insecticide DAR 2,5 GR (applied in order to reduce the presence of Diptera in ecological boxes) on earthworms. The experiment was modified by the presence of tap water and active water. Positive influence of active water on the number and biomass sum of laid cocoons by earthworms was demonstrated. 2010

11

Fauna dżdżownic składowisk kopalni cynku i ołowiu

63%

Okrutniak M. , Grześ I. M. , Bonczar Z.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

|

2015

|

tom T. 19

91--100

PL

Badano hałdy odpadów poflotacyjnych kopalni cynku i ołowiu „Trzebionka” i „Bolesław” w celu sprawdzenia czy będące w różnym stopniu rekultywacji hałdy są środowiskiem występowania dżdżownic oraz jaka jest ich różnorodność gatunkowa i biomasa. Odłów bezkręgowców przeprowadzono metodą formalinową w latach 2010 i 2011. Na hałdach „Trzebionka” i „Bolesław” stwierdzono występowanie odpowiednio 6 oraz 2 gatunków dżdżownic zaliczanych do pospolitych w kraju. Istotnie większą biomasę dżdżownic wykazano na hałdzie „Trzebionka”, co jest wynikiem pozytywnego wpływu obecności gatunku Lumbricus terrestris.

EN

The present study was conducted in the area of post flotation dumps contaminated with zinc and lead. The aim of the study was to test if the dumps being at different stage of reclamation are inhabited by earthworms and to asses their species diversity and biomass. Invertebrates were collected using Satchel’s method during the seasons 2010 and 2011. In the area of “Trzebionka” and “Bolesław” waste dumps 2 and 6 species of earthworms were found, respectively. Significantly higher biomass was found for “Trzebionka”, that can be explained by positive effect of Lumbricus terrestris.

12

Dżdżownice, czyli dyskretni sojusznicy miejskich planistów

63%

Kasprzak K.

Zieleń Miejska

|

2022

|

tom Nr 7-8

50--51

PL

Najbardziej znanymi bezkręgowcami żyjącymi w glebach różnego rodzaju środowisk lądowych, w tym także w miastach, są dżdżownice. W glebach miast występują głównie gatunki tych zwierząt o dużych zdolnościach przystosowawczych do zmieniających się warunków klimatycznych i środowiskowych. Dzięki tym cechom mogą one odegrać dużą rolę w projektowanych ekosystemach miast.

13

Demographic parameters and heavy metals accumulation in tissues of earthworms Eisenia fetida (Sav.) bred in contaminated substrata with various pH and moisture

63%

Łapiński S. , Skalski T.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2005

|

tom Vol. 12, nr 8

827-833

EN

Heavy metal contamination evidently reduces the fecundity and increases mortality in Eisenia fetida (Sav.), whereas the pH and moisture content of the substrate affect a number of these earthworms to a much lesser extent. The increased concentration of heavy metals in the substrate is reflected by the concentrations in the bodies of earthworms, which poses a potential danger to the transmission of these elements in the food web. Cadmium and mercury are concentrated in the tissues of E. fetida above the level prevailing in the substrate. Higher pH and moisture contents enhance the accumulation of heavy metals in earthworms.

PL

Skażenie metalami ciężkimi wyraźnie ogranicza rozrodczość i zwiększa śmiertelność Eisenia fetida (Sav.), natomiast pH i wilgotność podłoża w mniejszym stopniu mają wpływ na liczebność dżdżownic. Wzrost koncentracji metali ciężkich w podłożu jest odzwierciedlany w ciałach dżdżownic, co stanowi potencjalne zagrożenie transmisji tych pierwiastków w sieci troficznej. Kadm i rtęć występują w tkankach E.fetida powyżej poziomu ich stężenia w podłożu. Większe pH i wilgotność sprzyjają silniejszej kumulacji metali ciężkich w dżdżownicach.

14

Peculiarities of biotic interactions in the soil system

63%

Striganova B.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2014

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tom 12

|

nr 4

61-81

EN

The heterogeneity of soil environment is an important factor of the taxonomic and ecological diversity of the soil animal population. The con¬tribution of invertebrates to the formation of aerial space in mineral soil horizons, in the form of a stable system of biopores, is considered on the basis of the author’s original materials and literature data. Aerial space is the necessary condition for the life of aerobiotic forms in the mineral soil, which comprise the bulk of soil invertebrates belonging to meso- and macrofauna. Zoogenic mechanisms of the formation of soil pores and soil aggregates are analyzed. Pore walls and aggregate surfaces are populated by different groups of pedobionts. The partial isolation of these loci decreases predation, that creates conditions for the maintenance of a high diversity and abundance of animal populations in the restricted volume of populated soil profile.

15

Wpływ dżdżownic na zespoły skoczogonek (Collembola) w uprawach trawiastych jedno i wielogatunkowych

63%

Olejniczak I. , Makulec G.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2014

|

tom 12

|

nr 3

83-97

EN

In 2004-2005 a lysimetric experiment was designed to determine whether and how plant diversity and earthworms could influence diversity and densities of collembolan communities. We compared two grass cultures: monoculture of Festuca rubra L. and a polyculture, the mixture of grasses (8 species) commonly used in agriculture. In addition to two plant communities of different diversity, we used in our experiments an engineering species of earthworm – Aporrectodea caliginosa (Sav.). The experiment was initiated in May 2004, when the lysimeters were sown with F. rubra or with a mixture of grasses. The following year, in May 2005, we introduced 6 individuals (that correspond with average densities of 200 ind.m-2 in natural environment ) of A. caliginosa to half of the lysimeters. In experiments we used plastic lysimeters, 450 cm2 in area and 20 cm high, filled with alluvial coarse sandy soil. The same soil was used in environment of the lysimeters. Soil samples were taken at the depths of 0-5cm, 5-10cm, 10-15cm and 15-20cm, before introducing earthworms and after 60, 120 and 180 days from introducing earthworms. On each occasion, samples were taken from six or ten lysimeters in each variant of the experiment. Soil samples were taken from central parts of lysimeter to avoid the edge effect. Springtails were extracted in the Tullgren’s apparatus and then were determined basing on Stach’s (1955) and Fjellberg’s (1998, 2007) keys and taxonomic paper of Rusek (1982). For statistical analysis we used nonparametric tests. Species diversity of Collembola communities was calculated according to Shannon-Wiener equation using logarithms at a base of 2 (Shannon and Wiener 1963). Hutcheson’s test was used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the H indices (Hutcheson 1970). Three ecological groups were distinguished among collembolans basing on their preference to soil layer: epigeic, hemiedaphic and euedaphic (Christiansen 1964). We found that soil layer (Kruskal-Wallis test: N = 432, H=18,25, P=0,0004), biodiversity of grass culture (N=432, H=14,59, P=0,0001) and the period of the season (N=432, H=24,24, P=,00000) had an important effect on densities of collembolan communities independently of earthworms presence (N=432, H=1,99, P=0,16). We found 18 species of springtails and the number of species decreased with soil layer. The most abundant were Cryptopygus bipunctatus and Isotomodes productus.

16

Kumulacja metali ciężkich przez dżdżownice w wermikompostowanych osadach ściekowych

63%

Bożym M.

Chemik

|

2014

|

tom Vol. 68, nr 10

868--873

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie zdolności do kumulacji metali ciężkich przez dżdżownice przetwarzające osady ściekowe i określenie czynników wpływających na ten efekt. Zbadano zawartość metali ciężkich w osadach surowych, wermikompostach i dżdżownicach. Stwierdzono, że podczas procesu wermikompostowania osadów ściekowych zwiększa się w nich udział metali ciężkich. Prawdopodobnie wynika to ze zmniejszania masy przetwarzanych osadów, mimo dodawania materiału roślinnego w trakcie procesu. Dżdżownice kumulowały większe ilości metali, w porównaniu z podłożem. Na kumulację metali przez dżdżownice ma wpływ ich zawartość ogólna w podłożu, odczyn pH i udział substancji organicznej w osadach.

EN

The aim of this study was to analyzed the ability to accumulate heavy metals in the earthworms of sewage sludge treating and to determine the factors influencing the effect. The contents of heavy metals in raw sewage sludge, vermicomposts, earthworms and coprolite were analyzed. It was found that content of heavy metals in vermicompost during the process was increased. Probably this is due to the weight reduction of treated sludges, although the additive of plant material. Earthworms accumulated a higher content of heavy metals as compared with the ground (vermicompost). On the metals accumulation effect in earthworms bodies influenced the content of metals, organic matter and pH of sewage sludge.

17

Development of a field-based earthworm mark-release-recapture technique for biomonitoring

63%

Lowe C. N. , Butt K. R. , Cheynier K.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

|

2017

|

tom T. 21, cz. 1

33--40

EN

Biomonitoring in soil systems presents difficulties in retrieval and differentiation of test organisms from local populations. The aim of this study was to develop a simple method of in situ containment and efficient retrieval of earthworms. Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) tags were used to identify earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa introduced to unpolluted pasture or a polluted site. Containment PVC tubes of different height (inserted differently into the soil and covered or not covered by a mesh) were used. Highest recovery rates for both species came from use of 0.3 m tubes (100% for A. caliginosa and 71% for L. rubellus). This study confirmed the feasibility of using VIE tags to identify and aid recovery of introduced earthworms from field experiments. Results suggested that recovery rates were influenced by behavioural differences in ecological groupings and site-specific factors. There is scope for further improvement in the tagging procedure, mortality assessment and investigation of containment for earthworms.

PL

Biomonitoring systemów glebowych stwarza trudności w odnajdywaniu i odróżnianiu organizmów testowych od miejscowych populacji. Celem badań było opracowanie prostej metody zatrzymywania dżdżownic in situ oraz ich skutecznego odnajdywania. Oznaczone implantem VIE dżdżownice: epigeiczny Lumbricus rubellus i endogeiczny Aporrectodea caliginosa wprowadzono do nie zanieczyszczonego pastwiska lub terenu zanieczyszczonego. Stosowano ograniczenia z rury PVC o różnej wysokości i głębokości wprowadzenia w glebę, a także zamknięte lub nie. Najwyższe wskaźniki odzysku dla obu gatunków pochodzą z zastosowania rur 0,3 m (100% w przypadku A. caliginosa i 71% w przypadku L. rubellus). Zastosowanie pokrywy siatkowej (próba 2) nie poprawiło odzysku A. caliginosa, ale zwiększyło odzysk L. rubellus z 0% do 70% w nieskażonej glebie. Badanie potwierdziło możliwość polowego użycia znaczników VIE w celu identyfikacji i odzyskiwania dżdżownic. Wyniki sugerują, że na współczynniki odzyskiwania wpływ miały różnice zachowań w grupach ekologicznych i czynniki specyficzne dla danego obszaru. Stwierdzono konieczność dalszych badań nad poprawą procedury znakowania, oceny śmiertelności i możliwości zatrzymywania dżdżownic wprowadzanych do gleby.

18

Food Preferences in Two Detritivore Species: Laboratory Choice Tests Using Leaf Litters of Different Tree Species

63%

Makulec G. , Ilieva-Makulec K.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

|

2023

|

tom 21

|

nr 4

41-51

PL

Fauna glebowa (stonogi lądowe, krocionogi i dżdżownice) odgrywa istotną rolę w rozkładzie ściółki poprzez jej rozdrabnianie podczas konsumpcji. Badania laboratoryjne przeprowadzono w celu określenia preferencji pokarmowych dwóch detrytofagicznych gatunków (stonogi Oniscus asellus oraz dżdżownicy Lumbricus rubellus) w stosunku do ściółki liściastej czterech pospolitych gatunków drzew (olszy czarnej Alnus glutinosa, brzozy brodawkowatej Betula pendula, lipy drobnolistnej Tilia cordata i dębu szypułkowego Quercus robur). Dla każdego gatunku wykonano po dwa 14 dniowe eksperymenty. W pierwszym z nich oceniano atrakcyjność liści na podstawie masy zjedzonej ściółki tylko jednego gatunku, natomiast w drugim eksperymencie zwierzęta miały do wyboru liście ściółki 4-gatunkowej. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na wyraźną selektywność obu gatunków wobec badanych ściółek. Najchętniej zjadane (a tym samym uznane zostały za najbardziej atrakcyjne) były liście olszy czarnej. Najrzadziej wybierana była ściółka dębu szypułkowego. Ściółki brzozy i lipy zajmowały miejsca pośrednie. W przypadku O. asellus stwierdzono, że ubytki ściółki mieszanej były podobne do ubytków jednogatunkowej ściółki olszy i brzozy, ale wyższe niż w przypadku jednogatunkowej ściółki lipy i dębu. W przypadku L. rubellus ubytki ściółki mieszanej były wyższe tylko w stosunku do jednogatunkowej ściółki dębowej, ale niższe w stosunku do ubytków pozostałych jednogatunkowych ściółek - olchy, brzozy i lipy. Do interpretacji wyników wykorzystano dane literaturowe dotyczące stosunku węgla do azotu, a także proporcji trudno rozkładalnych polifenoli i lignin w liściach badanych gatunków drzew.

EN

Soil fauna, including terrestrial isopods, millipedes and earthworms, play an important role in the decomposition of litter through the process of shredding it during consumption. In the present study, the food preferences in two detritivores, the common woodlouse (Oniscus asellus) and the earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) over the leaf litter of four common tree species: common black alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch (Betula pendula), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) were quantified in the laboratory. For each animal species, two sets of feeding mesocosms were prepared: one set with single litter species and another with mixed litter material (cafeteria-type test), where the animals were allowed to choose among the four litter species at once. The food preferences of the studied animals were determined on the basis of the consumption (mass loss) of litter for each litter species at the end of two-weeks lasting experiments. The results showed that the litter mass losses in both detritivores were significantly influenced by the tree species. The litter mass losses can be ranked in descending order as follows: alder, birch, linden, oak. In the case of O. asellus, litter mixing had no effect on litter mass loss when compared to single alder and birch litter, however mixing clearly accelerated litter mass loss compared to single lime or oak litter. For L. rubellus, litter mixing was found to slow litter mass loss compared to each single alder, birch and lime litter, while accelerating litter mass loss compared to single oak litter. For the interpretation of the results, the literature data on carbon to nitrogen ratio, as well as the proportion of difficult-to-degrade polyphenols and lignins in leaves of the studied tree species were used.

19

Wstępne badania nad wermikompostowaniem odpadów topinamburu (Helianthus Tuberosus L.)

63%

Garczyńska M. , Krempa M.

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

|

2018

|

tom T. 22, cz. 2

19--26

PL

Zainteresowanie odnawialnymi źródłami energii wzrasta. Wynika to ze względów środowiskowych, obawy przed wyczerpaniem zasobów paliw kopalnych oraz polskich i unijnych uwarunkowań prawnych. Przykładem rośliny uprawianej na biomasę jest słonecznik bulwiasty (Helianthus tuberosus L.), potocznie nazywany topinamburem. Obok znaczenia energetycznego, ma on także wiele innych zastosowań, po których funkcjonowaniu mogą pojawić się w środowisku odpady organiczne. Celem pracy było określenie wybranych cech procesu wermikompostowania resztek topinamburu. Z udziałem dżdżownic Dendrobaena veneta wermikompostowano resztki topinamburu i resztki topinamburu zmieszane z obornikiem bydlęcym. Określono cechy uzyskanych wermikompostów.

EN

An interest in renewable energy sources is increasing. This is mainly for environmental reasons, anxiety about exhaustion of fossil fuel resources, as well as Polish and EU legal conditions. An example of plant grown for biomass is Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), commonly known as topinambur. Apart from its energetic values, it has a wide range of other applications, on using which, some organic waste may appear in the environment. The objective of the work was to determine the selected properties of vermicomposting process of topinambur. Topinambur residues, as well as topinambur residues mixed with cattle manure were vermicomposted together with the participation of Dendrobaena veneta earthworms. The characteristics of the obtained vermicomposts were determined.

20

Selected problems associated with heavy metals and earthworms

63%

Kostecka J.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 11, nr 4-5

353--364

EN

The issue of increased resistance of earthworms to some heavy metals in soil and their accumulation was discussed. The phenomenon can be hazardous for various elements of food-chains. Alternatively it underlines the fact that due to this resistance, earthworms can utilize organic waste such as sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals. The way earthworms cope with heavy metals in natural and antropogenic ecosystems is described with respect to the scientific literature. The use of earthworms in vermiculture is also discussed. The paper covers an experiment concerned with vermicomposting of selected Polish sewage sludges contaminated with various amounts of heavy metals. Over a four-week period, of laboratory testing it was found that the majority of sewage sludges were suitable for the earthworm Eisenia fetida.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono podwyższoną odporność dżdżownic na stężenia niektórych metali ciężkich w glebie z jednoczesnym kumulowaniem ich w swoich koprolitach i ciałach, przez co stanowią zagrożenie dla łańcuchów troficznych, których są elementem. Z drugiej strony podkreślono fakt, że dzięki tym cechom dżdżownice nadają się do przyspieszonego unieszkodliwiania osadów ściekowych, mogących zawierać zwiększone zawartości metali ciężkich. W publikacji na podstawie literatury opisano, w jaki sposób dżdżownice radzą sobie z metalami ciężkimi w ekosystemach naturalnych i antropogennych, a także zaprezentowano znaczenie ich hodowli w wermikulturze. Opisano także eksperyment własny dotyczący wermikompostowania wybranych polskich osadów ściekowych zanieczyszczonych zróżnicowanymi poziomami metali ciężkich. Podczas laboratoryjnego testu akceptacji osadów jako podłoża hodowlanego stwierdzono, że większość przebadanych osadów ściekowych była akceptowana przez dżdżownice E. fetida.