The aim of the article is to show a role and importance of a family background in a school child education. This work concerns aspects of family functioning which influence entire development of the child. Among the most essential factors there are: a structure of the family, implementation of its basic functions, emotional relationships in the family as well as parenting styles. Furthermore, the article focuses on areas of the family life which may cause the student’s failure in education, including: material conditions, cultural background of the family, pathologies and crisis in upbringing, parents’ marriage breakdown and social poverty of the mother and the father. Undoubtedly, the author places a particular importance on both the family which raises a mentally-disabled child and the role of the family environment in a process of rehabilitation.
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