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Preventive Archaeology in Latvia: example investigations in the historical town centres on Kuldīga and Ventspils

100%

Zirne S. , Lūsēns M. , Vijups A.

Raport

2015

tom 10

219-231

This article deals with preventive archaeology issues in the Republic of Latvia. Legislative bacground provides presence of archaeologists in construction projects. During last decade in the Latvia the largest share of carried out archaeological fieldwork are archaeological supervisions. Despite of small scale rescue excavations and archaeological supervisions significant archaeological data has been collected on further investigations on historical development of ancient towns. As examples are presented the most interesting discoveries in the two towns located in the Western part of the Latvia – Kuldīga and Ventspils. Archaeological investigations of the town streets in Kuldīga, carried out by M. Lūsēns, supplemented the reconstruction and localization of old Kuldīga, mostly based on information found in written sources. Small-scale preventive archaeological projects that have taken place in the seaside town Ventspils has resulted in a study of A.Vijups on the impact of dune erosion processes on historical development of town.

Causes and effects of coastal dunes erosion during storm surge Axel in January 2017 on the southern Baltic Polish coast

86%

Łabuz T. A.

nr 3

67-87

The study is dedicated to researching the storm surge Axel, the largest on the South Baltic coast in the 20th and 21st centuries. This unique event resulted in a very large erosion along the whole Polish Baltic Sea coast in January 2017 (max. HSL = 1.65 m, the average for the coast 1.36 m). Storm surge effects on the coast were followed based on field observations of dune retreat and analysis of hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters of the surge and its passage through the Baltic Sea. The material of dune erosion was collected based on cross-shore profiling of almost every 1 km, along the whole Polish sand barrier coast, before and after this storm. The work also studies the parameters of smaller storm surges from the end of 2016, which caused the lowering of beaches and dune erosion. A relationship was observed between erosion, and beach height and sea level (SL). The higher the beach, the lower the erosion that occurred. The average dune toe retreat was 5.1 m, and the largest exceeded 9–19 m (max. 42 m). The most important for dune erosion was the height of run-up, beach height and shore exposition for a surge. The largest dune erosion was observed during the heaviest SL with wave run-up higher than 3.8 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Each coast section was eroded, which also caused losses in infrastructure.

Application of XBeach to model a storm response on a sandy spit at the southern Baltica

86%

Bugajny N. , Furmańczyk K. , Dudzińska-Nowak J.

tom Vol. 44, No. 4

552--562

The process-based XBeach model has been used to simulate changes in beach and dune morphology in terms of influence of the significant storm event on the sandy Dziwnow Spit, located in the western part of the Polish coast. The research was carried out as part of the SatBałtyk project and represents the first stage of XBeach model application to create a system for recording the selected effects and hazards caused by current and expected storm events. The significant storm event, registered in 2009, was used for model calibration. Ten cross-shore profiles were selected and compared against preand post-storm morphological data. Model performance was verified on the basis of BSS values for the terrestrial part of the profiles. Verification of the results was performed using two different approaches: on the basis of the highest mean BSS value for all profiles together and for one set of parameters (approach no. 1) and on the basis of the highest BSS value for each profile and most adequate sets of parameters (approach no. 2). Additionally, the observed and modelled beach and dune volume changes were calculated. The research showed that the XBeach model is well capable of simulating the dune and beach erosion caused by the storm event, but the model requires site-specific calibration. High sensitivity of the XBeach model to the facua parameter was determined; the parameter defines the wave shape and affects the sediment transport. The best fit of the profiles was obtained for BSS, ranging between 0.71 and 0.93, with the parameter hmin = 0.01 or 0.05, facua = 0.2-0.5, wetslp = 0.2-0.4 and dryslp = 1 or 1.5. The volume estimation error ranged from +0.6 m3 m-1 to -7.7 m3 m-1, which represents 2.7% to 31.6%.