Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Potrzeby przebudowy drzewostanow w Lasach Panstwowych

100%

Czuba M.

Sylwan

|

2006

|

tom 150

|

nr 12

33-38

2

Fazy rozwojowe drzewostanow a zachowanie roznorodnosci ekosystemow lesnych

88%

Andrzejczyk T. , Brzeziecki B.

Las Polski

|

1997

|

nr 08

5-7

3

Zastosowanie punktowo-drzewostanowej metody inwentaryzacji ptaków w lasach zagospodarowanych

88%

Sikora D. , Borecki T.

Sylwan

|

2020

|

tom 164

|

nr 03

EN

This paper presents the results of a bird census in the Morgi forest range in the Kolbuszowa Forest District (SE Poland). The census was conducted using the point−stand method, i.e. a modification of the point count. This modification enabled tailoring the method to the conditions of the Polish forestry, in which forest stand that is the basic unit of silviculture planning and forest management. The aim of the study was to test the new method of bird census in the managed and large−scale forest units, and to evaluate the utility of the results for conservation measures. Based on the list of stands of the Kolbuszowa Forest District, we drew randomly 270 forest stands, taking into account their most important features: dominant species, forest habitat type, age and vertical structure. Bird counts were carried out in spring of 2014 and 2015. Each stand was inspected twice during each season: 1) between April and mid−May, and 2) between mid−May and the first decade of July. In total, 1080 observation (listening) sessions were conducted and each of the stands was inspected four times. As a result, 14 982 bird observations of 15 757 individuals belonging to 113 pecies were made. In case of 6720 observations, 7186 individuals belonging to 85 species were recorded in the studied stands. The point−stand bird census presented in the paper, which is a forest−range census type, is adequate for use in large−scale forest units. It allows to determine fauna indices that characterise the forest range, together with the most important features of stands.

4

Przebudowa okiem hodowcy

88%

Grzebinoga E.

Przegląd Leśniczy

|

2006

|

tom 16

|

nr 03

5

Charakterystyka roślinności runa kształtującej się pod drzewostanami daglezjowymi (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco.) w lasach gospodarczych Republiki Czeskiej

63%

Viewegh J. , Podrazsky V. , Matejka K.

Sylwan

|

2014

|

tom 158

|

nr 04

EN

The aim of study was to characterize Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) commercial stands and their influence on the forest floor plant communities. Study plots were performed in different regions of the Czech Republic. In total 44 plots were arranged in older Douglas fir stands with well developed forest floor vegetation. For the comparison, the study plots were also established in Norway spruce and broad−leaved tree species (beech, linden, oak) stands. Compared to other studied species, the main effect of Douglas fir on plants was noted in higher share of nitrophilous species.

6

Zróżnicowanie roślinności gospodarczych borów sosnowych na tle typów siedliskowych lasu w Nadleśnictwie Turawa

63%

Stefanska-Krzaczek E. , Pech P.

Leśne Prace Badawcze

|

2014

|

tom 75

|

nr 1

7

Dynamika i główne kierunki zmian w drzewostanach zagospodarowanej części Puszczy Białowieskiej

63%

Bruchwald A. , Dmyterko E. , Brzeziecki B.

Sylwan

|

2018

|

tom 162

|

nr 11

EN

The paper describes current (in years 2007−2017) changes of basic parameters of forest stands that constitute the managed part of Białowieża Forest (ca. 53,000 ha), divided into three forest districts: Białowieża (12,600 ha), Hajnówka (19,700 ha) and Browsk (20,400 ha). The investigated tree stands represent different phases of ecological succession, modified by silvicultural treatments and other human activities. The course of the succession processes is varied, depending, first of all, on local site conditions, consisting mainly of fresh sites (ca. 60%) – particularly fresh broadleaved forest, and encompassing exceptionally high fraction of wet and swamp sites (40%) – especially wet broadleaved forest site type. Most stands represent the intermediate, highly productive phase of succession, with spruce and oak as the dominant tree species. In particular, such stands are common in Białowieża and Hajnówka forest districts. Recently, the share of the mentioned stands is declining, most intensely in the Browsk Forest District. In 2017 alone, 430 ha of highly productive forest stands disappeared from the Białowieża Forest. The process of decay involved mixed stands; besides of spruces which were killed by a current bark beetle infestation, also many oaks, pines, birches, alders as well as rare and valuable minor tree species (such as ashes and maples) died. Dying spruce and, more often, oak stands are often replaced by low−productive hornbeam trees, occupying earlier lower stand strata in such stands. The resulting hornbeam stands are often distinguished by low crown closure and low productivity. Tree stands occurring in the Białowieża Forest are among the most endangered by wind damage stands in Poland. It means that in case of strong winds, several trees will be broken and/or uprooted. The intensity of such phenomena will be further increased by the high tree volume of stands as well as by the presence of many gaps in forest canopy, caused by a massive mortality of spruce trees. In general, one may expect that in the nearest future many stands occurring in the Białowieża Forest, built by different tree species, will be subject to a massive decay. The list of factors contributing to this process is long and involves, among other things, recurring droughts during the growing season, unfavorable changes in ground water table and increased frequency of strong winds. All these factors negatively influence the health status of trees, which further favours the development of parasitic fungi and insects. In consequence, there is a high probability that many areas in the Białowieża Forest will, for a long time, retain a treeless character and/or will be occupied by low-productive and single species hornbeam stands.

8

Określenie zagęszczenia drzewostanów z wykorzystaniem danych z lotniczego skanowania laserowego

63%

Sterenczak K.

Sylwan

|

2013

|

tom 157

|

nr 08

EN

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology allows collecting data describing top forest layer in a very accurate way. This provides a possibility to generate crown height models (CHM) with resolution in which single tree crowns can be detected. In presented study highly automatic algorithm for single tree detection is presented. FALCON II ALS acquired data in Forest Experimental Station in Rogów (central Poland). Data used for algorithm accuracy evaluation were acquired by measuring sample plots on VSD photogrammetric station. CHM with the resolution of 0.5 m has been used in the presented research. Algorithm, in automatic or semi− −automatic way, defines single crowns. Each of the end segments was additionally processed for correctly defined size and area of the crown projection. Received accuracy of correctly detected trees was 69% for all samples (71% for pine stands and 61% mixed stands) in automatic method and 74% (78% and 65% respectively) in semi−automatic method.

9

Ocena zagrozenia chorobowego drzewostanow gospodarczych w swietle wynikow monitoringu fitopatologicznego

63%

Sierota Z. , Lech P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

|

1999

|

tom 63

153-166

10

Jakość surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze

63%

Michalec K. , Barszcz A. , Wasik R.

Drewno. Prace Naukowe. Doniesienia. Komunikaty

|

2013

|

tom 56

|

nr 189

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej jakości surowca świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów naturalnych (rezerwatowych) i drzewostanów pełniących funkcje gospodarcze. W analizach uwzględniono również wady drewna wpływające na wyniki klasyfikacji badanego surowca oraz częstotliwość ich występowania. Wytypowane do badań drzewostany zlokalizowane były w terenach górskich: w Sudetach i Karpatach. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że nieznacznie lepsze pod względem jakości surowca drzewnego są w porównaniu z drzewostanami naturalnymi (rezerwatowymi) drzewostany pełniące funkcje gospodarcze.

EN

The aim of this study is to determine the variation in the quality structure of spruce timber and to analyze the frequency of occurrence of trees with defects, including the generic structure of defects in natural stands (forest reserves) and stands serving economic functions. The study was conducted on 20 experimental plots located within the Sudeten and Carpathian Mountains, of which 10 were located in the area of nature reserves or national parks while the other 10 - in the managed stands (table 1). Each experimental plot constituted 5 or 10% of the area of the whole stand, depending on its differentiation. The following tasks were performed on the experimental plots: measurement of the breast-height diameter of each tree with a thickness of at least 7 cm, measurement of the height of each tree, quality assessment of the first section of the tree stem from the base along with its quality-dimensional class or group [Zasady... 2003], recording the types and varieties of wood defects. Analyzing the research material obtained, the stem of each tree growing on an experimental plot underwent simulated division into sections corresponding to the quality-dimensional classes and groups which could theoretically be distinguished over the whole length of a stem up to its top. The starting point was the quality-dimensional class noted in the butt section of the stem (section 1) during the field research. The above tasks included the use of the Radwański tables [Roczniki... 1956], which allowed the determination of the size and volume of each section of the spruce stems on the basis of the breast-height diameter and the tree height; wood defects, noted in field, were also taken into account. The material obtained was divided into 2 groups: data from the reserves and from the managed stands. For the material grouped in this way, juxtapositions were made of the average volumes of individual stem sections in quality-dimensional classes and groups of timber and the percentages of particular timber classes and groups in the two stand types were calculated. The material was also analyzed taking into account the generic structure of defects (percentages of individual trees with particular wood defects in a given group of stands). The next stage consisted in statistical analyses using the U-Mann-Whitney test, examining the significance of differences in the quality-dimensional structure of timber and the share of trees with defects between the two groups of stands. The research showed that trees growing in natural stands (reserves) are characterized by a greater average height, thickness (d1.3 and d1/2) and volume of individual trees as compared with the same characteristics of spruce trees in managed stands (table 2). Also, the average volume of the large-sized timber sections (WA, WB1, WB, WC, WD) of individual trees from natural forests dominated the volume of tree sections in managed stands. Despite that fact, the volume/ha of natural forest stands was lower (355.91 m3/ha) than of managed stands (380.27 m3/ha). By analyzing the quality-dimensional structure of the examined timber it was found that the proportion of higher quality timber classes (WA and WB) prevails in the managed stands, resulting in a lower share of the WC class of timber (fig. 1). Only the share of WB1 class timber prevails in natural stands. The managed stands also showed a larger share of medium-sized timber (groups S1, S2 and S4) as compared to natural forests. TheU-Mann-Whitney statistical test, however, did not show statistically significant differences in the timber quality structure between the natural and the managed stands (U = 49.00, Z = -0.0378, p = 0.9698). Subsequently, it was found that the proportion of trees with quality reduced by defects was higher in the natural stands (70.38%) as compared to the managed stands (67.13%). The main defect, decisive for timber quality, were knots (in both groups of stands). The share of trees with that defect was greater in the stands of natural origin (fig. 2). In those stands, there was also a larger share of trees with rot (external and internal rot) and unilateral curvatures. The managed stands demonstrated a share of injuries (overgrown and open ones) as well as bilateral and multilateral curvatures that was higher than in the natural stands. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that in the managed stands within the research area a higher quality of spruce timber as well as higher volume/ha were noted as compared to the natural stands (forest reserves). Stands in forest reserves are generally located at higher altitudes in the mountains or hardly accessible areas; their main purpose are protective functions, they also serve the purposes of research. In the stands situated in forest reserves there was reported, in comparison with the managed stands, a higher incidence of trees with a large number of knots and highly affected by rot. A frequent presence of such defects is inevitable there because this group does not undergo any management cuts that would improve timber quality. Moreover, the presence of rot is due to the advanced age of these stands. At the same time, what is disturbing is a large share of trees with injuriesin the managed stands. Given that spruce is very sensitive to mechanical damage of the stem, resulting in rapid development of rot, caution is recommended during forest management work and harvesting in spruce stands.

11

Zasoby drobnej frakcji martwego drewna leżącego w różnowiekowych drzewostanach sosnowych na gruntach porolnych

63%

Woziwoda B.

Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej

|

2014

|

tom 16

|

nr 4[41]

12

Charakterystyka Nadlesnictwa Bielsko oraz gospodarczego drzewostanu nasiennego wiazu szypulkowego

63%

Kobarski H. , Czech K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

|

2002

|

tom 86

407-412

13

Zespoły chrząszczy ściółkowych w gospodarczych i chronionych borach sosnowych - efekt 15 lat ochrony rezerwatowej

63%

Tamutis V. , Sklodowski J. W.

Sylwan

|

2015

|

tom 159

|

nr 02

EN

The assemblages of Coleoptera have been examined in the managed and reserved mature pine forests of Lithuania since 1997. Beetles have been sampled from the forest litter using sieves. The present study is based on the data of 20 litter samples (10 samples per each stand) taken in the period from October 2013 to February 2014. Each sample was compiled of 5 smaller ones taking all litter (up to mineral layer of the soil) from 0.04 m2 plot. During the study a total 450 adults representing 69 species of beetles was discovered. Both the average number of species and the number of individuals were found to be higher in the samples taken in reserved forest and made 10.7±1.4 and 27.2±4.9, whereas in managed forest they made 9.7±1.1 and 17.8±3.4, but the differences were not statistically significant. The proportions of phytophagous, mecetobionts and saprophagous were also bigger in reserved forest: 9.5±2.0, 7.8±2.2, 3.1±1.0 than those in the managed forest, where these groups consisted of 8.0±1.8, 4.9±1.7 and 2.8±1.6 percent of the total number of individuals in the sample, respectively. The opposite proportions were detected for zoophages, which were more ambiguous in the managed forest and were by 76.0±2.5 higher than those in the reserved forest 72.8±3.2. These differences were not statistically significant. A non−metric multidimensional scale (NMDS) using Bray−Curtis similarity matrix indicated low differences of the Coleoptera assemblages between investigated sites (final stress=0.22). The analysis using RDA showed some differences between Coleoptera assemblages inhabiting reserved forest (R) and managed forest (D), which were correlated with proportions of humified mortmass (+0.88) and biomass of moss (–0.63 and –0.71). The dissimilarity index calculated using the algorithm SIMPER, was quite high (71%), but the obtained results showed a relatively low diversity of beetle assemblages in both forests. It means that the process of transformation of the managed forest into reserve is very slow, most likely due to the fact that restoration of the microhabitats is particularly slow. Low differentiation of Coleoptera assemblages dwelling in litter is associated with low dispersal power of most coleopteran species. Thus, the establishment of new reserves in old growth pine forests can not stimulate fast increase of specific beetle diversity mainly because the regenerative processes of microhabitats seem to be extremely slow. The specific diversity of beetle assemblages was slightly higher in the reserved forests, but it was not confirmed statistically. In comparison with the managed old growth pine forest the period of fifteen years of reservation of old growth pine forest has only a very low effect on specific diversity and ecological specialization of the beetles.

14

Zmienność genetyczna dolnoreglowych drzewostanów bukowych o charakterze pierwotnym w porównaniu z drzewostanami zagospodarowanymi

51%

Chomicz-Zegar E. , Nowakowska J. A.

Sylwan

|

2021

|

tom 165

|

nr 02

15

Zmienność wybranych cech makrostruktury i gęstości drewna świerkowego pochodzącego z drzewostanów gospodarczych i terenów pogórniczych

51%

Michalec K. , Wasik R. , Pajak M. , Sikora F.

Sylwan

|

2020

|

tom 164

|

nr 01

EN

The aim of this work was to analyze the tree−ring width, the share of the latewood as well as the density of wood of trees growing in commercial and degraded stands. The research was carried out in the Brynek Forest District (southern Poland) in 3 commercial stands and in 4 degraded stands. For every study plot fifteen spruces were chosen and increment cores were sampled using the Pressler borer. Next, the surface of the cores was smoothed and the width of the annual rings was measured. Latewood zones were determined and the share of latewood was calculated. It was found that the average and minimum tree−ring width was the same in both commercial and degraded stands, while the maximum values were slightly and insignificantly different. In turn, the average share of latewood was higher in trees from commercial stands, but higher minimum and maximum values were recorded in stands on degraded sites. In this case, the differences turned to be statistically significant. The average density of wood was slightly lower in trees from degraded stands compared to wood from commercial stands (413 vs 418 kg/m³). The minimum and maximum values were also higher in trees from commercial stands. However, this feature did not show a significant difference between analysed groups of stands. We found that despite such significant differences in the terrain formed during the production of zinc and lead ores, the wood of trees growing in these areas hardly shows any differences (except for the share of latewood) in comparison to wood from commercial stands.

16

Martwe drewno a jakościowa i ilościowa struktura chrząszczy (Coleoptera) saproksylicznych w drzewostanach dębowych

51%

Plewa R. , Jaworski T. , Hilszczanski J.

Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej

|

2014

|

tom 16

|

nr 4[41]

17

Aktywność biochemiczna gleb w drzewostanach cisa pospolitego Taxus baccata L. w rezerwatach i lasach gospodarczych

51%

Olszowska G.

Leśne Prace Badawcze

|

2014

|

tom 75

|

nr 4

18

Soplówka bukowa i soplówka jeżowata w Puszczy Bukowej koło Szczecina - wstępna ocena trwałości stanowisk

51%

Domian G.

Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej

|

2015

|

tom 17

|

nr 3[44]

19

Ocena jakosciowa nasion modrzewia europejskiego Larix decidua Mill. pochodzacych z wybranych stanowisk poludniowej Polski

51%

Skrzypczynska M. , Koziol M.

Sylwan

|

2001

|

tom 145

|

nr 05

39-44

20

Wpływ antropogenicznego przekształcenia krajobrazu na skład pokarmu puszczyka Strix aluco L. w Biebrzańskim Parku Narodowym

51%

Gryz J. , Gozdz I. , Krauze-Gryz D.

Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody

|

2011

|

tom 30

|

nr 3-4