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1 2024

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Seasonal variations of physicochemical characteristics of water from River Wupa, Abuja, Nigeria

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Opaluwa O. D. , Marcus N. D. , Adano A. J.

World News of Natural Sciences

2024

tom 56

45-57

Seasonal variation in the quality of water from River Wupa, Abuja, Nigeria was studied by collecting sixty water samples in both dry and wet seasons which were analyzed using standard methods. The respective results for in dry and wet seasons were pH (7.13±0.09, 7.31±0.06), temperature (21.51±0.51, 27.66±0.49 ⁰C), EC (247.19±46.21, 152.43±17.76 µS/cm), TDS (156.80±39.74, 75.39±9.23 mg/dm3), TSS (33.38±14.12, 333.85±43.45 mg/dm3), turbidity (26.20±13.04, 361.51±52.89 NTU), alkalinity (34.49±4.12, 29.31±3.78 mg/dm3), DO (7.73±0.29, 8.95±0.87 mg/dm3), BOD (17.00±4.90, 15.70±2.98 mg/dm3), COD (40.36±14.01, 28.28±8.18 mg/dm3), hardness (33.74±2.10, 34.82±3.82 mg/dm3), sulphate (41.09±1.01, 28.82±1.05 mg/dm3), nitrate (12.12±2.02, 12.23±1.78 mg/dm3), nitrite (0.08±0.02, 0.06±0.02 mg/dm3), phosphate (2.09±0.33, 2.15±0.35 mg/dm3) and chloride (40.96±3.53, 32.23±3.82 mg/dm3). Correlation results shows that during the dry season there is a strong and positive correlation between (EC and TDC, r =0.910), (TSS and Turbidity, r = 0.976), (TSS and BOD, r = 0.945), (TSS and COD, r = 0.912), (Turb and BOD, r = 0.868), (Turbidity and COD, r = 0.820), (BOD and COD, r = 0.979), (pH and nitrite, r = 0.750) (pH and Cl, r = 0.737), (TSS and Cl, r = 0.748) and (Turb and Cl, r = 0.761). During the wet season strong and positive correlation is between (EC and TDS, r = 0.879), (BOD and COD, r = 0.756) and (Turbidity and sulpate, r = 0.730). Results for all parameters were below the limits recommended by NSDWQ except for turbidity, DO and phosphate, also in both seasons there was no significant difference for all parameters except for turbidity and COD. It is concluded that the variation in these two parameters is attributable to runoffs from farmlands and direct discharge of domestic and industrial effluent during the wet season and the strong and positive correlation indicates that the pollutants that affect water quality parameters come from the same sources.