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Trends of changes in climate risk of grain maize cultivation in the Bydgoszcz region

100%

Żarski J. , Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska R. , Dudek S.

tom nr III/1

725--735

This paper analysed the direction and the degree of significance of changes in selected indicators of climate risk for grain maize in the long-term period of 1985-2014 for the Bydgoszcz region. On the basis of meteorological data originating from the Research Station of the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology in Mochełek, the following unfavourable weather factors for maize cultivation were determined: a shortened period of plant active growth, the occurrence of late spring ground frosts, meteorological droughts and agricultural droughts. On the basis of the research conducted, a high temporal variability was found for weather conditions that are unfavourable for maize cultivation, as such conditions occurred with varied frequency, depending on the type of the adverse factor and the assumed criterion for its determination. No significant trends were found regarding the changes in the examined climate risk indicators for production of maize grain over the period between 1985 and 2014, apart from an increase in the number of moderate and strong late spring frosts. The research demonstrated an increase in temporal variability of the length of the plant active growth period and the occurrence of moderate and strong late spring frosts, as well as a clear decrease in temporal variability of maize water supply in 2000-2014 as compared to the previous 15-year period of 1984-1999.

Niedobory wody i susze w polityce wodnej Unii Europejskiej

84%

Gromiec M.

tom Nr 4

24--27

W pracy przedstawiono problemy związane z niedoborami wody i suszami w dokumentach unijnych i krajowych.

The paper presents problems concerning water scarcity and droughts in EU and national documents.

The water resources of tropical West Africa: problems, progress, and prospects

84%

Ndehedehe C. E.

tom Vol. 67, no. 2

621--649

West Africa plays key roles in global climate and shows one of the strongest variations in hydro-climatic conditions. As it turns out, the region appears to be underrepresented in the existing compendium of Earth science and hydrology-focused journal papers when it comes to significant discussion on terrestrial hydrology and freshwater science. This prominent gap is largely precipitated by increasing number of constraints that include lack of considerable and robust investments in gauge measurements for meteorological and hydrological applications, poor funding of research institutions and other disincentives, among other factors. In this manuscript, the challenges and problems in large-scale terrestrial hydrology-focused investigation in West Africa are reviewed. Using a dossier of some recent contributions in the field of remote sensing hydrology, this review also highlights some of the progress in terrestrial hydrology and the opportunities that exist for hydro-geodetic research in West Africa that leverage on sustained investments in satellite geodetic missions. It is noted that West Africa is still a pristine environment for hydrology-focused research and can benefit from recent advancements in sophisticated space agency programs such as the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, which undoubtedly has revolutionized terrestrial hydrology research around the world for nearly two decades. Given the poor density of gauge stations and limited ground observations, hydrological research in West Africa is expected to benefit more from independent space observations and multi-resolution data. This is because the lack of sufficient in-situ data for the parameterizations and adequate initialization of outputs from hydrological models and reanalysis data for hydrological applications results in poor representation of the West African land surface and hydrological state variables. To further improve our contemporary understanding of West Africa’s terrestrial hydrology, the continued evaluation/validation of these observations and space-borne measurements is advocated.