Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zjawisko suszy w 2003 r. na obszarze działania RZGW w Krakowie

100%

Drab E. , Bukowiec T.

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2004

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tom Nr 10

413-423

PL

Scharakteryzowano poglądowo zjawisko suszy zarówno w odniesieniu do stanu zasobów wodnych, jak i wpływu tego stanu na zaopatrzenie ludności w wodę. Wskazano na związane z tym zjawiskiem straty finansowe często wynikające nie tylko z samego zjawiska suszy, ale także z niewłaściwej i nieprzemyślanej działalności człowieka.

EN

There has been given in a demonstrative way the characterization of the phenomenon of draught both in relation to the state of water resources and to the impact of their state on public water supply. There have been also shown financial losses connected with the draught which in many cases result not only from that occurrence itself but are also caused by the wrong and irresponsible activity of the man.

2

Climate Conditions Impact on the Sap Flow Into Plants and Their Dendrometric Changes

80%

Báreková A. , Bárek V. , Kováčová M. , Novotná B. , Kišš V.

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tom Vol. 21, nr 6

224--228

EN

Water stress is an indicator that plant are suffering from drought. For optimization of the crop production is necessary to indicate physiological changes, those can be represented by stem expansion or shrinkage and sap flow rate. We used the Dynagage SGA5-WS (Dynamax) sensors for the sap flow monitoring and the sensors Diameter Dendrometer Small (Ecomatik) for measuring branches diameter changes in our research. The research was realized during two seasons, in the summer (from 31st July to 14th August 2018) and in the spring (from 27th March to 14th April 2019). The subject in our research were walnut trees (Juglans regia) situated in the private orchard in Nové Zámky area in Slovak Republic. The sap flow values in summer were on average range of 90 g•h-1, with maximum measured values above 160 g•h-1 measured after the precipitation events. After increasing of soil moisture on 1st and 2nd August 2018, it was detected the branches diameter expansion up to 0.05 mm. However, the other spring values were much lower. The sap flow reached less than 35 g•h-1 what was one third values in summer 2018. This phenomenon is a result of the low transpiration intensity of transpiration or a leafless state of trees. Although the changes in diameter were not significant in the early vegetation stage, there were monitored some fluctuation causing the diameter was shrinked by 0.2 mm due to a negative average air temperature.

3

Long-term seasonal characterization and evolution of extreme drought and flooding variability in northwest Algeria

80%

Sofiane K. , Abdesselam M. , Nekkache G. A.

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2019

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tom Vol. 7, Iss. 2

63--71

EN

A three decade-long study on the variability of drought in relation to the contribution of rainfall was conducted at the Wadi Mekerra watershed, located in northwest Algeria, covering the period from 1973 to 2005. The runoff and rainfall data were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test, the double mass curve method and the SPI index. A rupture of the studied series appeared during the 1980s. The rainfall and runoff trends and contributions were in general, sharply reduced. The region experienced extreme drought between 1981 and1989, and between 1993 and 2001, rainfall contributions were greater than 60%. This increase, which was recorded in August, September and October for all the parameters studied, shows the importance of the superficial runoff component when combined with decreased infiltration. These climatic conditions reduce the natural recharging of groundwater, and cause an increased susceptibility to soil erosion, reduced agricultural production and an increased risk of floods.

4

Susza w 2000 roku w rejonie rzeki Supraśli

80%

Gej B. , Kiryluk A.

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2001

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tom Nr 4

172-174

PL

Przedstawiono część wyników doświadczenia łąkowego, prowadzonego w dolinie rzeki Supraśli. Omówiono zmiany poziomu wody gruntowej i uzyskane plony siana na tym terenie w nawiązaniu do suszy panującej w 2000 r.

EN

A part of results of the meadow experiment being carried on in the valley of the river Suprasl has been presented. With reference to the drought in the year 2000 there have been discussed changes in the level of the underground water and yield of hay obtained from that area.

5

Compound drought and heatwave events in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region

80%

Klimavičius L. , Rimkus E.

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tom Vol. 66 (1)

26--36

EN

Droughts and heatwaves are natural phenomena that can cause severe damage to the economy, infrastructure, human health, and agriculture, among others. However, in recent years, it has been noted that their combined effect, known as compound drought and heatwave events (CDHE), often results in even greater harm. The main aim of this study was to identify CDHEs in this region during summers from 1950 to 2022 and assess the frequency and intensity of these events. To this end, the periods of droughts and heatwaves that occurred between 1950 and 2022 were determined, and the recurrence, extent, and intensity of these phenomena were evaluated. In this study, 1-month Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) values calculated for each summer day were used to identify droughts, while heatwaves were defined as a period of five or more consecutive days when the daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) was higher than the 90th percentile of Tmax. Precipitation and Tmax data (with a spatial resolution 0.25° x 0.25°) were obtained from the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast ERA-5 reanalysis dataset. The study showed that in most of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region, the number of drought days had decreased from 1950 to 2022, while the number of heatwave days had increased significantly. In total, ten CDHEs were identified during the summers of 1950–2022. Eight of these events were recorded in 1994 or later. However, a statistically significant increase of CDHEs was found only in a small part of the study area.

6

Powstaje pierwszy w Polsce Plan przeciwdziałania skutkom suszy

80%

Jakimiak R.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2019

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tom Nr 3

25--29

7

Grape Quality Parameters in Western Carpathian Region under Changing Climatic Conditions as Influenced by Drought

80%

Bernáth S. , Šiška B. , Paulen O. , Zuzulová V. , Pintér E. , Žilinský M. , Tóth F.

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 4

39--45

EN

Western Carpathians are historically the northern range traditional grapevine growing areas since the Middle Ages. The mean anual temperature has increased by about 1.1°C during the last century in Slovakia. Elevated temperature impacted the growing conditions of grapevine. Together with the increased temperatures, higher frequency of drought periods and parameters are evident. Traditional grape producing areas are facing new challenges. Except for the accelerated grapevine phenology, pathogene infection pressure and occurence of pests including new ones, as well as the quality of grapes influencing wine quality, are changing. In order to evaluate the drought impact on the quality parameters of grapes the locality of the Cultivar Testing Station in Dolné Plachtince which belongs to the Central Slovakian grape producing region was chosen. Interanual variability of the drought impact on the grape quality was evaluated according to Palmer drought severity index (PDSI). The 1990-2014 period was used as a basis for evaluation. The period with the phenological phase crucial for the grape quality formation was determined. Two groups of cultivars with different ripening periods were selected. Pinot Gris, Muscat Ottonel Weiss, Müller Thurgau represented the early ripening cultivars (OIV earliness code 4 and 5), whereas Grüner Veltliner, Riesling, Welschriesling represented the late ripening cultivars (OIV code 8 and 9) were used. The cumulative values of PDSI for the crucial periods were calculated. The PDSI values as well as the sugar and acid contents were correlated to find the strength of relation between them. Short drought periods did not influence the grape quality significantly, while long drought periods caused a decrease of the acid content and an increase of the sugar content. Though the tendency was clear, the correlation level was mostly low. The most sensitive period in this sense was July-September; however, it was influenced by the ripening term of individual cultivars. The results suggest the necessity of a thorough approach to cultivar selection, taking into account its vitality and ability to preserve a satisfactory acid content in grapes by the harvest date.

8

A comparative assessment of meteorological drought in the Tafna basin, Northwestern Algeria

80%

Bougara H. , Baba-Hamed K. , Borgemeister C. , Tischbein B. , Kumar N.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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tom no. 51

78--93

EN

The drought ranked first in terms the natural hazard characteristics and impacts followed by tropical cyclones, regional floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Drought monitoring is an important aspect of drought risk management and the assessment of drought is usually done through using various drought indices. The western region in Algeria is the most affected by the drought since the middle of the 70s.The current research focuses on the analysis and comparison of four meteorological drought indices (standardized precipitation index – SPI, percent of normal index – PN, decile index – DI, and rainfall anomaly index – RAI) in the Tafna basin for different time scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly) during 1979–2011. The results showed that the SPI and DI have similar frequencies for dry and wet categories. The RAI and PN were able to detect more drought categories. Meanwhile, all indices have strong positive correlations between each other, especially with Spearman correlation tests (0.99; 1.0), the meteorological drought indices almost showed consistent and similar results in the study area. It was determined in 1982 as the driest year and 2008 as the wettest year in the period of the study. The analysis of the trend was based on the test of Mann–Kendall (MK), a positive trend of the indices were detected on a monthly scale, this increasing of indices trend represent the increasing of the wet categories which explains the increasing trend of the rainfall in the last 2000s. These results overview of the understanding of drought trends in the region is crucial for making strategies and assist in decision making for water resources management and reducing vulnerability to drought.

9

Study of Drought Effects on Three Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Using Field Spectroscopy

80%

El Azizi S. , Amharref M. , Bernoussi A.-S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, nr 12

155--162

EN

Water deficit is one of the major environmental issues affecting biodiversity. Drought-related works are conducted to explore the mechanisms involved in drought vulnerability or resistance and to adopt the most advantageous tool to monitor these changes. Field spectroscopy, an accessory tool of remote sensing, evaluates the reflectance to collect continuous spectrum from materials. In the conducted study, the potential of using UV-Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a non-destructive and reliable approach in monitoring of drought effects on three Medicinal and Aromatic Plants species (MAPs): Lavandula stoechas, Cistus laurifolius and Pistacia lentiscus from Northern Morocco during dry (July 2021) and wet (March 2022) period was addressed. It was found that Lavandula stoechas species is more impacted by water deficit than Cistus laurifolius and Pistacia lentiscus. Indeed, this species has a lower reflectance in Visible and NIR regions of the spectrum after a period of drought and therefore a higher vulnerability to water deficit than the other two species.

10

Spatio-temporal assessment of drought in the semi-arid region of Algerian steppe through index and remote sensing

70%

Bouarfa S. , Farhi Y. , Youb O. , Boultf M. , Djoudi W. , Faci M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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tom no. 53

210--218

EN

The scarcity of annual rainfall, which sometimes spreads over successive years, causes persistent droughts. In order to study the drought severity on the Algerian steppe, we analysed precipitation data (1985-2015) from the weather stations of Ain Sefra, El Bayadh, Tiaret and Djelfa, using drought meteorological indices: the mean deviation, the standardised precipitation index, the rainfall index and the frequency analysis of the rainfall series. Thus, we adopted the diachronic study by satellite remote sensing for the years 2002 (the driest year) and 2009 (the wettest year), which allowed us to better understand the evolution of the steppe rangelands surface and to better interpret their spatial-temporal changes. Drought, as determined by the mean deviation index, occurred during two periods (in sequence and corresponds to 55% the sequences of deficit years), one over 12 years (from 1994/1993 to 2006/2005) and the other over 5 years (1985-1990) and with isolated years. The results of the diachronic study of the vegetation change demonstrate the obvious divergence of the vegetation cover between 2002 and 2009. Drought has impacts on vegetation composition, growth, productivity, structure and functioning of ecosystems, which limits regeneration of vegetation cover.

11

Impact of Water Stress on the Planktonic Biodiversity of the Youssef Ben Tachafine Dam (Souss Massa, Morocco)

70%

Boudarfa F. , Gallouli E. M. , El Hafa M. , Aamiri A. , Oulad A. H.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 8

97--106

EN

Drought is a large-scale disturbance that affects freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This recurrent phenomenon in Morocco, has experienced severe episodes during the last decade and has caused water stress in several aquatic ecosystems including the Youssef Ben Tachafine dam. Indeed, the volume of this reservoir has experienced its lowest historical hydrological level (12%) during the study period. To study the effects of water stress on water quality and planktonic community structure, water samples were collected from January 2019 to December 2020 at nine depths. The physicochemical parameters of the water were measured in parallel with the qualitative and quantitative study of the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The results obtained show a low planktonic diversity with only 43 phytoplanktonic species and 27 zooplanktonic species. The phytoplankton showed an almost permanent predominance of Chlorophyceae (85%), dominated by Closterium pronum, followed by Diatomophyceae (9.5%), dominated by Cyclotella ocellata. Rotifers represent the most abundant zooplanktonic group during the study period with two dominant species (Keratella tecta and Polyarthra vulgaris). Statistical analysis of the data from this study, using R software, revealed a negative correlation between Cladoceran species, Copepods and the diatom Cyclotella ocellata on the one hand and the decrease in water level, temperature and enrichment of the environment in nutrients and phytoplanktonic biomass on the other. This study shows that the effect of the extreme drought, which the Youssef Ben Tachafine dam has experienced, has altered the diversity and structure of planktonic communities, which threatens the sustainability of ecological services of this ecosystem.

12

Exogenous silicon application promotes growth and alleviates drought and salt stresses of rice plants

70%

Wongla W. , Theerakulpisut P. , Lontom W.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2023

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tom 76

13

Drought prediction in the Lepelle River basin, South Africa under general circulation model simulations

70%

Ikegwuoha D. C. , Dinka M. O.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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tom no. 45

42--53

EN

This study aims to evaluate changes in the frequency and severity of historical droughts (1980–2018) and then model future droughts occurrences (2019–2099) in the Lepelle River Basin (LRB), using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations for two representative concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Firstly, the present-day and future hydrology of the LRB are modelled using the weather evaluation and planning (WEAP) model. Mann–Kendall tests are conducted to identify climate trends in the LRB. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) and the streamflow drought index (SDI) are employed to explore hydro-meteorological droughts in the Lepelle River Basin, South Africa. The RDI and SDI are plotted over time to assess drought magnitude and duration. The simulated temporal evolution of RDI and SDI show a significant decrease in wetting periods and a concomitant increasing trend in the dry periods for both the lower and middle sections of the LRB under RCP4.5 as the 22nd century is approached. Lastly, the Spearman and Pearson correlation matrix is used to determine the degrees of association between the RDI and SDI drought indices. A strong positive correlation of 0.836 is computed for the middle and lower sections of the LRB under the RCP8.5 forcing. Further findings indicate that severe to extreme drought above –2.0 magnitude are expected to hit the all three sections of the LRB between 2080 and 2090 under RCP8.5. In the short term, it is suggested that policy actions for drought be implemented to mitigate possible impacts on human and hydro-ecological systems in the LRB.

14

High accuracy Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps for detecting agricultural drought effects in rainfed agro-ecosystems in central Mexico

70%

Sierra-Soler A. , Adamowski J. , Qi Z. , Saadat H. , Pingale S. , Sierra-Soler A. , Adamowski J. , Qi Z. , Saadat H. , Pingale S.

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15

Parameterization of drought vulnerability assessment in agriculture

70%

Łabędzki L.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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tom nr II/1

535--544

EN

The aim of the present study has been an attempt at the assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability. The paper presents the proposal of the methodology and the preliminary results. The assessment is performed for the voivodships and the regions in Poland and takes into account two factors: the crop water deficit in the growing season and the share of light and very light soil area in the overall arable soil area. The vulnerability is evaluated for five crops with the largest area of cultivation in Poland. A differentiation of vulnerability to drought between crops and a spatial differentiation for each crop are determined. A spatial differentiation is similar for all crops. The most vulnerable region is the central and central-western part of Poland. The results indicate that late potato is the most vulnerable crop to be damaged by drought among all studied crops, whereas winter rape is the least vulnerable crop.

16

Effect of hydrogel on the turf grass species growing under drought stress

70%

Hadam A.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2010

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tom Vol. 1, no. 1

3--6

EN

As the supply of urban lawn grass‘ irrigation is expensive and laborious it is important to fi nd other methods which are eff ective against the water defi ciency. The aim of the study was therefore the assessment of hydrogels‘ infl uence on the the most common grass species (Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lollium perenne) which were cultivated under controlled drought stress. Results indicated that this watersorbent increased the germination, growth and dry matter content of tested species. It was therefore concluded that using hydrogels on grasslands seems to be reasonable in accordance to the water defi ciency problems.

17

Characteristics of Selected Peatland Uses and Soil Moisture Based on TVDI

70%

Holidi , Armanto M. E. , Damiri N. , Putranto D. D. A.

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tom Vol. 20, nr 4

194--200

EN

The conversion of peatland from forest to non-forest causes environmental damage and increases high land dryness. Mapping of peatland based on dryness is very important to control and prevent fires. This study aims at characterizing peatland based on the level of temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) and evaluating the correlation between TVDI value and soil moisture. The research was conducted in August 2018 during the dry season. The area of research located in peat hydrological unit of Sibumbung River – Batok River in Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District of South Sumatra Province covering 63,427 ha area that consists of various land uses. The result showed that extreme wet category is found in water bodies and secondary forests that have high density, moderate wet is found in paddy fields and grass, normal area is found in the area covered by low-density trees, moderate dry is found in shrubs and oil palm plantations with good management and extreme dry areas is found in grasses and oil palm with poor cultivation management. There is a correlation between the TVDI value to the soil moisture on 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depth.

18

Drought Variability in Agadir's Region (Southern Morocco) – Recent and Future Trends

70%

Amouch S. , Akhssas A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

tom Vol. 24, iss. 2

241--250

EN

The area of Agadir, which is situated on Morocco's southern Atlantic coast, is characterized by an arid climate, and has been strongly impacted by climate change. The purpose of this research is to assess observed and modeled drought variability in time, on the basis of rainfall time series for the periods 1973–2020, and 2022–2099 by use of SPI, short for Standardized Precipitation Index. Findings from the SPI analysis show that the years from 1981 to 1986 were the driest as per the instrumental record. Future SPI projections indicate that the area under study will face several prolonged drought and wet periods between 2022 and 2099. The longest drought will take place from 2090 to 2093. Analysis of the relationship between rainfall in Agadir and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is also studied especially for the winter months. The results of the study will provide a basis for drought surveillance and hydrometeorological studies, in addition to initiating the desired managment of environment in this area.

19

Ecological status of shallow Lake Gorbacz (NE Poland) in its final stage before drying up

70%

Zieliński P. , Ejsmont-Karabin J. , Grabowska M. , Karpowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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tom Vol. 40, No.2

1-12

EN

The article assesses the ecological status of shallow Gorbacz Lake (NE Poland) in the last stage before complete drying up. For last few years hydrological regime of the lake catchment has been changed dramatically which was caused by functioning nearby peat mine and longer autumn drought periods for following years. Progressing macrophytes succession leaded complete emergent macrophytes overgrowth of the lake beginning from 2000. The analyses include records of previous samples and data for morphology, water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton and macrophytes. The trophic status of Gorbacz Lake was verified compare to the previous studies. The results indicate that even with minimum amount of water Gorbacz Lake itself still keeps its dystrophic character with increasing of water color and of DOC, biogenic substances, chlorophyll a concentrations. Humic State Index (HSI) and hydrochemical dystrophy index (HDI) confirm the dystrophic status of the lake with values 71.3 and 76.2 respectively. Both typical phytoplankton representatives of eutrophic and dystrophic waters were recorded. Very high diversity of desmids in the telmatoplankton, indicates the observed process of shallowing in the reservoir. Planktonic crustacean fauna was represented by small filtrators. Rotifera community was strongly dominated by Trichocerca simonei. The article concludes with the main causes of the observed changes and some future remarks for the lake state.

20

Present climate change in Belarus

70%

Loginov V.

Acta Agrophysica

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2002

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tom 68