Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Vertical distribution of dominant cyanobacteria species in three lakes - evidence of tolerance to different turbulence and oxygen conditions

100%

Wojciechowska W. , Poniewozik M. , Pasztaleniec A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom Vol. 52, nr 3

347-351

EN

The composition and abundance of cyanobacteria in three lakes of the Polesie Lubelskie (East Poland) were studied in summer periods. Vertical distribution of these algae was analysed in two depths - in epilimnion and deoxygenated metalimnion. Species composition and domination was similar for these two sites. It means that the species like: Limnothrix planctonica (Wołosz.) Meffert, Limnothrix redekei (Van Goor) Meffert, Planktothrixs agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. et Kom., Woronichinianaegeliana (Unger) Elenk. and Microcystis viridis (A. Braun in Rabenhorst) Lemm. are not affected by turbulence of water as well as by oxygen conditions.

2

Spatial and seasonal variations of large tintinnid ciliates in Shenhu Bay of China

100%

Wang Y. , Zhang W. , Lin Y. , Zheng L. , Cao W. , Yang J.

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tom Vol. 43, No. 3

292--302

EN

In this study, the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of large tintinnids (>76 μm) were investigated in Shenhu Bay during three seasons of 2012. Of the 36 species identified, 9 were dominant (i.e. Tintinnopsis radix, Leprotintinnus simplex, Tintinnopsis japonica, Tintinnopsis tubulosoides, Leprotintinnus nordqvisti, Tintinnopsis beroidea, Stenosemella parvicollis, Tintinnidium primitivum, Tintinnopsis nana). A clear seasonal shift of the taxonomic composition as well as the lorica size of the dominant species was observed. The highest numbers of tintinnid species occurred in spring, while the highest abundance and biomass occurred in summer. Clustering indicated that the seasonal variations of the community structure were more obvious than spatial variations. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that density of phytoplankton prey had a significant impact on the tintinnid abundance. Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrated that temperature, salinity and the nutrient level were the most important abiotic factors affecting the spatial and seasonal pattern of tintinnid communities in Shenhu Bay.

3

Trophic state assessment based on late summer phytoplankton community structure: a case study for epilimnetic lake water

88%

Szeląg-Wasielewska E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.3

53-63

EN

Phytoplankton species composition, abundance and biomass were studied in samples taken from the epilimnion of Lake Strzeszyńskie in late August of each year from 2000-2005. The number of phytoplankton species was relatively low, with the greatest species diversity observed in the Chlorophyceae. Total phytoplankton abundance was high, with major contributions by picophytoplanktonic cyanobacteria, which formed aggregations. Total phytoplankton biomass was generally low, with the sum of the 2-5 biomass-dominant species always exceeding 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass. The taxonomic composition of the group of biomass dominants was relatively stable inter-annually. On the basis of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration, Lake Strzeszyńskie can be classified as oligo-mesotrophic and mesotrophic respectively. Trophic index values calculated on the basis of abundance of phytoplankton indicator taxa were higher than the values based on their biomass, and mean values indicate that the lake is mesotrophic or intermediate between mesotrophic and eutrophic.

4

Ecological Structure of the Harmful Entomocomplex of Apple Orchards of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

88%

Mostoviak S. , Berezovskyi A. , Krykunov I.

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 6

155--162

EN

The most widespread culture in the structure of fruit plantations in Ukraine is the apple tree. An important factor in the highly efficient production of apples is ensuring proper phytosanitary state of plantations and observing agrotechnological methods of growing, which is possible only with constant and long-term monitoring of the species composition, population dynamics, biological and ecological features of the entomoplex. The aim of the study conducted in 2005–2020 was to determine the ecological structure of the harmful entomocomplex of apple orchards under the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Field, laboratory and chamber research methods generally accepted in ecology and entomology were used to fulfill the tasks. In the study, 52 species of phytophagous insects from 25 families and 7 orders were identified; 5 species of phytophagous mites from 3 families of Tetranychidae (Panonychus ulmi Koch., Tetranychus urticae Koch., Scizotetranychus pruni Oudms.), Bryobiidae (Bryobia redikorzevi Reck., syn: Bryobia praetiosa Koch.), Eriophyoidae (Eriophyes mali Nal.) were also found. The taxonomic structure of phytophagous insects was dominated by representatives of the orders of Lepidoptera (24 species), Coleoptera (14 species) and Homoptera (9 species), the portion of which collectively amounted to 90%. A range of Lepidoptera represented by 13 families was characterized by wide species diversity: Tortricidae, Gracillariіdae, Yponomeutidae, Lyonetiidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, Coleophoridae, Lasiocampidae, Geometridae, Pieridae, Arctiidae, Noctuidae, Orgyidae, which accounted for 46% of the harmful entomocomplex. The most numerous (dominant) species for the period 2005-2020 were three species of aphids (Aphis pomi De G, Dysaphis devecta Walk, Dysaphis mali Ferr.), apple moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.) and leaf rollers (Archips rosana L.). In terms of trophic specialization, polyphages dominated 75% (39 species) of apple tree agrocenoses, 10% (5 species) of oligophagous insects, 15% (8 species) – monophages. The life forms were dominated by phytophiles – dendrobiotes, the percentage of which in the total structure of insect pests was about 90%. The species composition of harmful entomofauna and ecologically constant species of phytophagous insects in apple plantations in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were specified. A promising study is to clarify the features of the biology of the most harmful phytophagous insects under the conditions of climate change and to develop environmentally safe means of protecting apple plantations from pests.

5

Aerobic methane emission from plant: comparative study of different communities and plant species of Alpine meadow

63%

Guo X. , Du Y. , Li J. , Liu S. , Han D. , Li Y. , Lin L. , Zhang F. , Oyang J. , Cao G.

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

This study was aimed at qualifying the methane emission ability of different communities in alpine meadow, and monitoring if the dominant species from these communities could emit methane in a sand culture experiment. Using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography method, two experiments were conducted in the field and in laboratory. First, the methane flux rate was measured in plant communities: natural alpine meadows (NM), Elymus nutans pasture (EP), herbaceous community in shrub (HS), and a Poa fruticosa meadow (PS). A 3-month sand culture experiment was conducted to show the non-microbial methane emission from living plants. Average methane emission rates were estimated to be 16.83 µg m⁻² h⁻¹(range -49.3–107.8), 28.49 µg m⁻² h⁻¹ (range -55.0–96.2) and 20.91 µg m⁻² h⁻¹ (range -31.9– 145.8) for NM, EP, and PS, respectively. Methane emission rate from EP was significantly higher than from NM during the growing season. The reclaim of grassland would enhance the methane emission in this aera through this one year's measurement, but whether this conclusion suit to the whole Tibet Plateau, it remains further longer time and larger spatial scale experiments to verify it. The result of the sand culture experiment showed that some plant species emitted methane in an aerobic, nonmicrobial environment, most of herbaceous species showed a methane emission characteristic, the methane emission from plant may have a species dependent characteristic.

6

Wieloletnie zmiany fitoplanktonu letniego jako wskaznik trofii wybranych jezior

63%

Wojciechowska W. , Poniewozik M. , Pasztaleniec A.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2002

|

tom 68

255-265

7

Adaptative strategy of leaf traits to drought conditions: Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest (The Qinling Mts. China)

63%

Wang M. , Wan P. , Chai Y. , Guo Y. , Zhang X. , Yue M.

|

2015

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tom 63

|

nr 1

EN

In a climax community where all species are sharing relatively similar and stable habitat, there are differences in leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs and dominant species and companion species, especially in leaf lifespan (LLs). What are the differences of relationships among leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs? What are the mechanisms of this phenomenon? Here, we presented a one-year observation and recorded the LLs followed a modified method in a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest in the north slope of the Qinling Mountains, China. We found that (i) Different species in the same stand performed quite differently in their LLs (P <0.005). Average LLs of shrubs was slightly longer (P = 0.05) than that of deciduous trees. (ii) LLs showed a significant negative correlation with specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) (P <0.05) in deciduous trees, however, a significant positive correlation with LNC and leaf carbon content (LCC) (P <0.05) was detected in shrubs. (iii) The comparison of the traits between dominant and companion species in arbor layer and shrub layer showed that there was no significant difference in LLs, LCC and LNC, except SLA in arbor layer. Our study indicated that the amount of light, at the community scale, might be a main factor determining the LLs of wood plants in deciduous forest. The difference between trees and shrubs in relationships among leaf traits suggests that deciduous trees and shrubs may take different strategies to adapt to the environment. SLA is likely to be a marker trait to distinguish dominant and companion species in arbor layer of deciduous broad leaved forest.

8

Leaf morphology shift of three dominant species along altitudinal gradient in an Alpine meadow of the Quinghai - Tibetan Plateau

63%

Zhong M. , Wang J. , Liu K. , Wu R. , Liu Y. , Wei X. , Pan D. , Shao X.

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nr 4

EN

It has been observed that leaf morphology shift within species is linked to climate change, but there are few studies on the effects of altitude change on leaf morphology of species. We hypothesized that similar to climate change, a morphological shift within species would occur over time under different growing altitudes. In this study, we evaluated three dominant grass species: Elymus nutans Griseb., Kobresia capillifolia Clarke., Carex moorcroftii Boott., taking advantage of the altitudinal variations (3000-4000 a.s.l.) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that almost all leaf traits of these three species had significant differences (P <0.05) across an altitudinal gradient. Different species responded differently to altitude change. Leaf thickness (LT) of the three species increased with increase in altitude. Leaf area (LA) of E. nutans and C. moorcroftii decreased with increasing altitude, but that of K. capillifolia increased. There was no obvious linear effect on leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA) of these three species. LDMC of E. nutans and C. moorcroftii showed a trend of increase, while that of K. capillifolia decreased. SLA of E. nutans and K. capillifolia showed a trend of increase, but that of C. moorcroftii decreased with increase in altitude. In addition, soil pH (pH) and air temperature (AT) decreased with increase in altitude. However, other soil and climate factors increased as altitude increased. The finding of this work is that leaf morphology shift within species happens under altitude change to adapt to specific environment.

9

Population structure of three dominant Calanus species in North Water Polynya, Baffin Bay

63%

Prokopowicz A. , Fortier L.

Polish Polar Research

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2002

|

tom 23

|

nr 3-4

241-252

10

Spatial and seasonal variations of large tintinnid ciliates in Shenhu Bay of China

63%

Wang Y. , Zhang W. , Lin Y. , Zheng L. , Yang J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2014

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tom 43

|

nr 3

11

Grazing exclusion effects on the relationship between species richness and vegetation cover in Mongolian grasslands

63%

Guo T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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tom 68

|

nr 3

12

Seed predation patterns favor the regeneration of dominant species in forest gaps compared with the understory in an oak-pine mixed forest

63%

Yu F. , Shi X. , Wang D. , Wang T. , Yi X. , Lou Y.

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tom 59

|

nr 4

EN

Recent studies have demonstrated the higher likelihood of regeneration in forest gaps compared with the understory for the dominant species in pine-oak mixed forest. Here, we tested whether rodent seed predation or dispersal was beneficial for gap regeneration. We tracked the seed predation and dispersal of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata and Pinus armandii using coded plastic tags in the forest understory close to gaps. Our results demonstrated that the proportions of initial buried seeds of both species were significantly more abundant in the forest understory compared with gaps. After seed caching, however, significantly lower proportions of the seeds of both species survived in the forest understory compared with gaps during the 30-day observation period. The final survival proportions of the seeds cached in the forest understory were lower than those cached in the gaps the next spring, which indicated that small rodents rarely retrieved scatter-hoarded seeds from forest gaps. Our findings suggest that rodent seed predation patterns contribute to the regeneration of the dominant species in gaps compared with the understory in a pine-oak mixed forest. In the study area, reforestation usually involves planting seedlings but direct sowing in forest gaps may be an alternative means of accelerating forest recovery and successional processes.

13

Effects of human activities in the coastal zone of Laizhou Bay

51%

Wang M. , Han M. , Hui H. , Li Y.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2021

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tom Vol. 28, nr 2

219--227

EN

The serious destruction of resources and environment in Laizhou Bay has attracted extensive attention of researchers. This study mainly analysed the changes of fish structure and environment in the coastal zone of Laizhou Bay caused by human activities. By consulting literatures and field measurements, the changes of dominant fish species, coastline and sea water intrusion were analysed. The results showed that dominant fish species in Laizhou Bay change from high-economic species to low-economic species under the influence of human activities, and the coastline erosion was serious, and the area of sea water intrusion was also increasing year by year. It is concluded from the research results that human activities had a significant impact on the structure of fish school and the environment. It is necessary to arrange human activities in an appropriate amount to reduce the overexploitation of resources in order to restore the fishery resources and environment in Laizhou Bay.

14

Zmiana zachwaszczenia pszenicy ozimej w zaleznosci od przedplonu w latach 1984-2001

51%

Pudelko J. , Skrzypczak G. , Maciejewski T.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2005

|

tom 45

|

nr 2

1015-1018

15

Najwazniejsze szkodniki wierzby wiciowej [Salix viminalis]

51%

Ropek D. , Barabasz W. , Szmigiel A. , Kolodziejczyk M. , Oleksy A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2005

|

tom 45

|

nr 2

1032-1034

16

Zmiany składu gatunkowego runi w warunkach użytkowania pastwiskowego i symulowanego

51%

Kulik M.

|

nr 1

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu sposobu użytkowania na zmiany składu gatunkowego runi. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2002-2007 w Sosnowicy na glebie mineralnej. W badaniach uwzględniono dwa sposoby użytkowania runi: pastwiskowy (wypas bydła rasy mięsnej Limousine) oraz symulowany (częste koszenie, proporcjonalne do ilości wypasów). Drugim czynnikiem badawczym było 6 mieszanek trawiasto-motylkowatych z gatunkami testowanymi (Poa pratensis, Festulolium braunii, Festulolium loliaceum - 2 rody, Lolium perenne i Festuca pratensis). Natomiast stałymi komponentami mieszanek były: Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata i Trifolium repens. Główną uwagę skupiono na udziale mieszańców Festulolium loliaceum w runi w porównaniu do pozostałych gatunków uwzględnionych w badaniach. Skład gatunkowy ulegał znacznym zmianom w latach badań i był uzależniony od sposobu użytkowania runi oraz wysianej mieszanki nasion. Mieszańce Festulolium loliaceum charakteryzowały się w latach badań średnio udziałem zbliżonym do ilości uwzględnionej w mieszance nasion (30%), natomiast w roku 2007 ich udział wynosił 44,1-59,7% (I ród) oraz 43,9-47,6% (II ród). Wśród gatunków testowanych dużym udziałem odznaczały się również Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis i Festulolium braunii, natomiast znacznie mniejszym Festuca pratensis. W runi pastwiskowej zanotowano większy udział Trifolium repens i L. perenne oraz mniejszy udział gatunków z grupy ziół i chwastów.

EN

The aim of this paper was the qualification of the effect of utilization method on the changes of sward species composition. The studies were carried out in 2002-2007 in Sosnowica on mineral soil. There were 2 methods of sward utilization: pasture (grazing by Limousine cattle) and simulated (frequent cutting, proportional to the number of grazing). The second research factor was 6 grass-legume mixtures with tested species (Poa pratensis, Festulolium braunii, Festulolium loliaceum - 2 strains, Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis). The permanent components were as follows: Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens. Main attention was paid to the share of Festulolium loliaceum hybrids’ in the sward as compared to the remaining studied species. The species composition changed considerably in the years of the investigations and was dependent on the utilization method of sward and sown mixture. Festulolium loliaceum hybrids were characterized by their share in the sward related to the quantity considered in a seed mixture (30%), however, in 2007 their share ranged 44.1-59.7% (I strain) as well as 43.9-47.6% (II stain). Among the tested species, also Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis and Festulolium braunii were characterized by a high share, however considerably lower than Festuca pratensis. In the pasture sward higher share of Trifolium repens and L. perenne were noted as well as a lower share of species from the herb and weed groups.

17

Adaptative strategy of leaf traits to drought conditions: Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest (The Qinling Mts. China)

51%

Wang M. , Wan P. , Chai Y. , Guo Y. , Zhang X. , Yue M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 63, nr 1

77--87

EN

In a climax community where all species are sharing relatively similar and stable habitat, there are differences in leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs and dominant species and companion species, especially in leaf lifespan (LLs). What are the differences of relationships among leaf traits between deciduous trees and shrubs? What are the mechanisms of this phenomenon? Here, we presented a one-year observation and recorded the LLs followed a modified method in a Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest in the north slope of the Qinling Mountains, China. We found that (i) Different species in the same stand performed quite differently in their LLs (P <0.005). Average LLs of shrubs was slightly longer (P = 0.05) than that of deciduous trees. (ii) LLs showed a significant negative correlation with specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) (P <0.05) in deciduous trees, however, a significant positive correlation with LNC and leaf carbon content (LCC) (P <0.05) was detected in shrubs. (iii) The comparison of the traits between dominant and companion species in arbor layer and shrub layer showed that there was no significant difference in LLs, LCC and LNC, except SLA in arbor layer. Our study indicated that the amount of light, at the community scale, might be a main factor determining the LLs of wood plants in deciduous forest. The difference between trees and shrubs in relationships among leaf traits suggests that deciduous trees and shrubs may take different strategies to adapt to the environment. SLA is likely to be a marker trait to distinguish dominant and companion species in arbor layer of deciduous broad leaved forest

18

Bud banks of two dominant grass species and their roles in restoration succession series of a flooded meadow

51%

Li H. , Yang Y. , Zhao Y.

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tom 60

|

nr 3

EN

The primary goals of this study were to quantify the composition and size of bud banks and to evaluate the roles of bud banks of main dominant species Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. and Carex duriuscula C.A. Mey. in population maintenance over a 2-year period. The four experimental plots were in early, early-mid, middle and late seral stages of a flooded restoration succession after they had approximately 12, 10, 8, and 6 months’ flood durations in the Songnen meadow, China. Five quadrats (each 0.25 ´ 0.25 m in area and 30 cm deep) were each sampled in four seral spots. The differences of L. chinensis and similarity of C. duriuscula in bud bank characteristics persisted in the studied seral stages from year to year. In each seral stage, rhizome buds comprised most of the L. chinensis bud banks in 2003; in 2004, juvenile tillers predominated. Rhizome buds consisted of the majority of C. duriuscula bud banks throughout the study period. The bud densities of L. chinensis and C. duriuscula experienced a significant linear increase with the increase of tiller density at different seral stages each year, but the slopes of these relationships in L. chinensis were higher than those in C. duriuscula. The total bud densities of C. duriuscula showed a significant linear decrease corresponding to the increase of those of L. chinensis from the early to the late seral stage in 2003 and 2004. Bud banks are vital for population maintenance and the number of bud banks is a good predictor of population dynamics.

19

Leaf stoichiometric trait and specific leaf area of dominant species in the secondary succession of the Loess Plateau

51%

An H. , Shangguan Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2010

|

tom 58

|

nr 1

EN

Ecological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of multiple chemical elements in ecological interactions. Terrestrial plants exhibit inter- and intra-specific differences in leaf C:N:P stoichiometry that has been used to study plant competition and succession, nutrient use efficiency, N and P nutrient limitation. However, little is known about leaf C:N ratio, N:P ratio in the Loess Plateau, particularly the pattern of leaf C:N:P stoichiometry during the secondary succession. Thus, leaf stoichiometric traits and specific leaf area (SLA) of dominant species at different secondary successional stages in the Loess Plateau were measured. The study was conducted at the Lianjiabian forest region of the Loess Plateau (35.03°–36.37°N and 108.10°–109.08°E), Gansu, China. Leaf C:N:P stoichiometry and specific leaf area of 18 dominant species (herb) community stage (Stipa bungeana Trin, Bothriochloa ischaemun (Linn.) Keng, Carex lanceolata Boott, Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb, Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, Potentilla chinensis Ser), shrub community stage (Sophora viciifolia Hance, Hippophae rhamnoides (Linn.), Ostryopsis davidiana Decne, Rubus palmatus Thunb, Rosa xanthina Lindl, Acer ginnala Maxim, Spiraea pubescens Turcz, Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa), early forest community stage (Populus davidiana Dode, Betula platyphylla Suk, Platycladus orientalis (Linn.) Franco), climax forest community stage (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz)) at four secondary successional stages were determined in the Loess Plateau in early June of 2006. The herb and shrub community stage had higher SLA than that in the early forest community stage and climax forest community stage. The Leaf C, N, C:N ratio and N:P ratio at different secondary successional stages were significantly different (P <0.05), but the leaf P didn’t differ. The N:P ratio of herb community stage were significant difference from those of the others stages (shrub community stage, early forest community stage and climax forest community stage), but there were not significant difference among the shrub community stage, early forest community stage and climax forest community stage. N:P ratio shifts of the species were consistent along the successional sere, although the N:P ratio of the different species at a successional stage varied considerably. On community level, the lowest N:P ratio (9.8) was found in herb community stage in the secondary succession, the N:P ratio increased to 12.9 in shrub community stage, declined to 12.4 in early forest community stage, and increased in climax forest community stage (e.g. 12.6 in the Quercus liaotungensis Koidz community). The results suggest that the vegetation productivity of the Loess Plateau was N-limited at each secondary successional stage.

20

The effect of dominant species on numbers and age structure of Iris sibirica L. population on blue moor-grass meadow in Southern Poland

51%

Kostrakiewicz K.

|

nr 2

EN

Two populations of Iris sibirica, a clonal species protected by law in Poland, occurring in patches of Molinietum caeruleae, of similar floristic composition although with different dominant species, were studied. In the Stanisławice locality, species with a high competitive potential prevailed, contrary to the Opatkowice locality, where the species of low competitive potential dominated. It was established that vegetative propagation ensures the continued presence of populations in both localities, although the proximity of plants with high competitive potential limits the vegetative propagation of ramet clusters of Iris sibirica. Despite the high level of seed production, the recruitment of seedlings in both patches is possible only in artificially created gaps. The field observations support the conclusion that creating gaps allowing for germination of seeds and development of seedlings, as well as eliminating expansive neighbours allowing proliferation of ramet clusters of Iris sibirica, is an affective way of protecting populations of this species.