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Religia w polityce Rosji w latach 1991–2020. Wybrane zagadnienia

100%

Dutkiewicz G. , Szydywar-Grabowska K.

Przegląd Religioznawczy

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2023

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nr 1/287

191-201

EN

The article includes considerations devoted to the place and role of Orthodoxy in the socio-political life and foreign policy of the Russian Federation in the years 1991–2020. It presents the attitude of Russians towards Orthodoxy and the Russian Orthodox Church, the attitude of Russian political authorities towards Orthodoxy and the Russian Orthodox Church and the place and role of Orthodoxy and the Russian Orthodox Church in Russia’s domestic and foreign policy. Due to the authority, Orthodoxy and the Russian Orthodox Church are used for political purposes. In the first case, Orthodoxy refers to the tradition of the Russian Empire and is considered a permanent element of state-building. In this message, Russian statehood does not exist without the spiritual and historical achievements of the Russian Orthodox Church. In this context, Orthodoxy serves, among other things, to emphasize Russia’s historical continuity, the unchanging model of its state, legitimization and maintenance of power, justification of Russia’s dissimilarity to other civilizations, or its aspirations to become a great power. In the second case, the Russian Orthodox Church is one of the pillars of strengthening politics and political power, in particular by spreading content consistent with the interests of the ruling elite. It continues, among other things, the age-old tradition of legitimizing political power and its rule and emphasizes the historical continuity of the state as a community of language, culture and religion, while maintaining its conservative values.

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РОЗВИТОК ВНУТРІШНЬОПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У КОСОВО (1999-2017 рр.)

100%

Pavlenko A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2017

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nr 26

EN

Influence of Yugoslavia's collapse, as well as of external factors on Kosovo's separation from Serbia is explored in this article. Particular features of Kosovo’s internal policy development and problems with a full international recognition of its independence are also highlighted. The problem of Kosovo's status within the diplomacy of “power poles” in modern international relations system in the context of NATO’s war against Yugoslavia in 1999 is underlined. Kosovo is a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic. The State is governed by legislative, executive and judicial institutions which derive from the Constitution adopted in June 2008, although until the Brussels Agreement, North Kosovo was largely controlled by institutions of the Republic of Serbia or parallel institutions, funded by Serbia. The legislative power in Kosovo is held by Parliament. The executive authority is vested in the Government, headed by Prime Minister. The President is Head of State and represents the unity of the people, elected every five years, indirectly by the National Assembly, in a secret ballot by a two thirds majority of all deputies of the Assembly. Key trends in Serbian policy towards Kosovo after the democratic transformation of its political system and in conditions of Serbia’s aspirations for European integration was examined. The process of Kosovo’s recognition has shown that Kosovo is an irreversible reality and an essential factor for peace and stability in the Balkan region. This could be best proved by the recognition of Kosovo among all neighboring countries (except Serbia), by the vast majority of the countries in the region and the Euro-Atlantic community.

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Obwód Kaliningradzki w polityce Federacji Rosyjskiej

84%

Bukowski P.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2019

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tom 28

105-121

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie geopolitycznych czynników wpływających na politykę wewnętrzną i zagraniczną Federacji Rosyjskiej odnoszącą się do Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego. Jego kolejne części poświęcone są następującym zagadnieniom: 1) specyfice położenia geograficznego; 2) stosunkowi władz Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego oraz relacji pomiędzy organami władzy obu podmiotów; 3). analizie stosunków Federacji Rosyjskiej i Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego w wymiarze geoekonomicznym; 4) możliwości wystąpienia tendencji separatystycznych na terytorium Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego; 5) funkcji militarnej Obwodu; 6) roli Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego jako instrumentu nacisku i blokowania inicjatyw międzynarodowych przez Federację Rosyjską, i 7) uwarunkowaniom uczestnictwa Obwodu Kaliningradzkiego w programach pomocowych i inicjatywach integracyjnych w regionie Morza Bałtyckiego.

EN

The aim of the article is to indicate the geopolitical factors affecting the internal policy of the Russian Federation towards the Kaliningrad District. Its subsequent parts are devoted to the following issues: 1) the specificity of the geographical location; 2) the attitude of the authorities of the Russian Federation towards the Kaliningrad District and relations between the authorities of both entities; 3). analysis of relations between the Russian Federation and the Kaliningrad District in the geo-economic dimension; 4) possibilities of separatist tendencies in the territory of Kaliningrad region; 5) military function of the District; 6) the role of the Kaliningrad District as an instrument of pressure and blocking international initiatives by the Russian Federation, and 7). conditions of participation of the Kaliningrad District in aid programs and integration initiatives in the Baltic Sea region.

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Bezpieczeństwo i obronność w opinii społecznej

59%

Kołodziejczyk A. , Nowosielski W. , Wachowicz M.

Wiedza Obronna

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2007

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tom nr 2

69--84