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1
Content available remote Sur le théorème de division de Weierstrass
100%
EN
We prove a Weierstrass division formula for $C^∞$ Whitney jets ∂̅-flat on arbitrary compact subsets of the complex plane. We also give results for Carleman classes.
EN
The main task of a professional firefighter's relief activities is interference with all sorts of events requiring intervention: fires, construction and chemical disasters, accidents and other situations which carry a risk for the health and life of humans. The basic duties of a firefighter are organizing, directing and conducting direct rescue efforts in order to protect the life, health and property, as well as liquidation the source of fire, natural disaster or other local danger (technical, chemical and environmental disaster, road traffic accidents, airline, etc.). In the course of professional activities firefighters are exposed to all the possible risk factors from the environment resulting from the real potential occurrence of the event requiring rescue interventions (industry, infrastructure, traffic, transport). Moreover, they often do not realize the actual risk they are exposed to especially in situations that do not require putting out fire (traffic accidents, natural and industrial disasters). These emergency situations are not easy to predict or control, what means that firefighters put their lives on the line every time they attempt to do so. As a result they work under extremely stressful situations, day and night, including the responsibility for remaining calm and carrying out all duties with the recognition of the threat to life and property. The special characteristics of service, including work shift system, continuous risk of danger and dealing with a lot of personal loss can make it an emotionally difficult job and may become a potential root of stress and personal problems. However, for some people this kind of work can be very rewarding, others may have a hard time dealing with the physical and emotional challenges that the occupation brings. That’s why it is very important to examine and limit the influence of the hazardous environment factors on firefighters work.
3
100%
EN
The division of the sejmik of Podolia in 1786 went beyond the context of a mere struggle for the seats in the assembly. The local activists of the court party decided to divide the sejmik thanks to the appropriate support of the nobility and thanks to the fact that they started its session in a church which did not feature a tradition of holding sessions of an assembly. Despite this violation of the law their sejmik was recognised by the majority in the assembly during the expulsions from the assembly, which was a result of the overwhelming superiority of the supporters of the court. Another result of this violation of the law and customs was such antagonisation of those who participated in sessions that debate could not be brought under control and the session adjourned with the rejection of the bills of the reform of military regulations. Such a result of the division of the Podolia sejm was foreseeable. In this situation a question was made about the aims of the court which must have been significant enough that it was worthwhile to run the risk of the failure of the attempts at a military reform for the sake of the realisation of these aims. An intention to demonstrate before Petersburg the inability tobring the sejm under control in the context of the emergence of a strong opposition could have been an undercurrent of this intention. However, a more likely reason for this was the intention to discredit Prince Adam Czartoryski, whose ideological and cultural activities in Puławy began to endanger the king’s monopoly for propagating the ideas of the Enlightenment in the country. Whereas a permanent result of the division of the session in Kamieniec Podolski, which was unexpected by the court, was the elaboration of the bill of the reform of the regional assemblies by the Potocki family, which was realised until the sessions of the Four‑Year Sejm.
EN
The author focuses on the analysis of the separate property of premises as one of the legal warranty of social security in the legal and economic context as well as on the methods of the abolition of the co-ownership of the real estate by establishing separate property of premises. The author describes the most common ways to obtain the ownership of the premises after one has only an abstract share in the property and also points out how the right of ownership is different than the division quoad usum.
EN
The aim of the article was to present the attitude of the media in Poland towards the outbreak of one of the most notorious political scandals of recent years. The subject matter of the analysis was the following: politicians' positions against the disclosed „Tape Scandal” presented via the media; the attitude of the Polish media towards this political scandal and the „heroes” of this affair; evaluation of the weekly Wprost's activity. The following research methods were used in the study: analysis of the content of selected media reports focusing on „Tape Scandal”, comparative method and case study. As a result of the analysis of the content of the weekly press, it was verified that the „Tape Scandal” of 2014 caused a political division in the media.
EN
One of the consequences of the division of Upper Silesia made in 1922 was the creation of two separate railway directorates: Directorate of German National Railway in Opole and the Directorate of Polish State Railways in Katowice. Both directorates cooperated in matters regarding the maintenance of local railroad routes and cross-border exchange and transit rail traffic. As a general rule, both sides strived to amicably settle possible problematic issues. It was easy to find common language, free of political prejudice, when discussing professional matters.
EN
An architecture of a pipelined signed residue divider for small number ranges is presented. The divider makes use of the multiplicative division algorithm where initially the reciprocal of the divisor is calculated and subsequently multiplied by the dividend. The divisor represented in the signed binary form is used to compute the approximated reciprocal in the residue form by the table look-up. In order to reduce the needed length of the look-up table address, a reciprocal computation algorithm based on segmentation of the divisor into two segments is used. The signed approximate reciprocal, transformed to the residue representation, is stored in look-up tables division and multiplied by the dividend in the residue form. The obtained quotient is scaled. The pipelined realization of the divider in the FPGA environment is also shown.
PL
Tłuszcze są składnikiem odżywczym dostarczającym najwięcej energii w żywności. Nadmierne ich spożycie prowadzi do otyłości, a w konsekwencji szeregu chorób, takich jak cukrzyca, choroba niedokrwienna serca czy też nowotwory. Dlatego obniżenie zawartości tłuszczu w produktach spożywczych jest jedną ze strategii zapewniających utrzymanie dobrego stanu zdrowia. Ich zawartość w produktach spożywczych można zmniejszyć poprzez m.in. zastosowanie zamienników tłuszczu. Jednak obecność tłuszczu w produktach wpływa na ich smak, zapach, barwę i konsystencję. W celu upodobnienia cech sensorycznych i fizycznych produktów o obniżonej zawartości tłuszczu do ich odpowiedników tradycyjnych przy wyborze zamiennika tłuszczu należy zwrócić uwagę na jego właściwości funkcjonalne. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości obniżenia zawartości tłuszczu w produktach spożywczych, a tym samym wartości energetycznej poprzez zastosowanie zamienników tłuszczu, a także ich podział i właściwości funkcjonalne.
EN
Fats are very important nutritive substances which provide the most of energy value. The excessive consumption of fats leads to obesity and consequently, to a number of disease such as diabetes, coronary heart or cancer. Therefore, reducing content of fat in food products is one of the strategies leading to maintain good health. The content of fat in food can be reduced by using fat replacements. However, fat in the products create taste, color, odor and texture. In order to make sensory and physical properties tent similar to their traditional counterparts, when choosing a fat replacement it is necessary to pay attention on its technological properties. The paper discusses possibilities of reducing fat content in food products and and thus the energy value through the use of fat substitutes, as well as their division and functional properties.
EN
The presented article is devoted to the issue of admissibility of an appeal to a court against the transfer of a judge by a decision of the president of a court from one division to another division. The current statutory regulation, which does not provide for the possibility of an appeal to a court in every case of such a transfer, does not seem to be in line with the considerations made in the Court of Justice of the European Union’s judgement of 6 October 2021 in case C-487/19, hence it is necessary to determine their relevance for jurisprudence in Poland and to juxtapose those considerations with, i.a., the previous jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, taking into account the issue of judicial independence and the right to a court.
11
Content available remote Nie tylko hydroizolacja - metody usuwania nadmiaru wilgoci z przegród budowlanych
75%
Izolacje
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2019
|
tom R. 24, nr 11/12
108--110, 112--114
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest usuwanie nadmiaru wilgoci z przegród budowlanych. Autor omawia metody osuszania budynków z wykorzystaniem metod naturalnych oraz sztuczne wymuszanie usuwania nadmiaru wilgoci za pomocą osuszaczy kondensacyjnych, osuszaczy adsorpcyjnych nagrzewnic, urządzeń mikrofalowych i promienników.
EN
The subject of the paper is the removal of excess moisture from division walls. The author discusses some methods for drying buildings with natural solutions and artificial forcing the removal of excess moisture by means of condensation dehumidifiers, adsorption dehumidifiers, heaters, microwave equipment, and radiators.
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2023
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tom 19
74-88
EN
French catholic churchgoers, today a minority, are suffering from both internal divisions and external discrimination: they are divided by two schismatic trends, « progressive one » that misinterpreted the teaching of the Second Vatican Council, and « traditionalist one », often close to fundamentalism, which strongly rejects the Vaticanum II. These divisions are made even sharper by pollitical influence of both the right and the left. On top of that there is an external rejection by sectarian and ideological « secularism » in progress. Undoubtedly internal polemics, marginalisation, rejection of Christian roots, apostasy, verbal and physical abuse, devastation of objects of devotion, as well as defamatory media attacks weaken the Church in France. She remains between hell of creepiing political persecutions and high water of the radical fundamentalism followed blindly by some faithful.
EN
Since the beginning of the 1990s in Korea, the category and definition of new generation literature have become the topic of heated debate. One may understand this tendency as ‘generation severance’, ‘alienation between social classes’, or the ‘consumption-oriented culture of the masses’. Here, we call the literary youth born in approximately 1960 ‘the new generation’. In literature, the new generation refers to the appearance of a new culture and way of thinking. This generation passed their childhood in the 1970s and faced no such great difficulties as their parents combating poverty. However, they grew up under the indirect influence of a dark political outlook and suppression. Generally, they have a great affection for the culture produced by mass media. If we compare their development process with the literary stream in Korea, the 1960s could be defined as the era of literature for independence and strong self-awareness, the 1970s as the era for people, the 1980s as the era for the rights or emancipation of labour, and the 1990s as the era of new generation literature. Meanwhile, the appearance of the ‘Korean Wave’, or so-called ‘Hallyu’, has become one of the most beloved popular cultural phenomena both in Asia and in other countries since the late 1990s.
PL
Każdy plan miejscowy stanowi rodzaj ograniczenia prawa własności. Z tego względu istotne jest przestrzeganie określonych normatywnie ram kompetencyjnych wyznaczających gminie zakres minimalnej, jak i maksymalnej regulacji dotyczącej kształtowania przestrzeni. Ściśle określone w ustawie normy warunkują legalność i zupełność aktów planistycznych. Praktyka dowodzi jednak, iż orzecznictwo sukcesywnie łagodzi spojrzenie na wymogi procesu legislacyjnego w tym zakresie. Nie chodzi przy tym o kwestie proceduralne, ale nade wszystko o materialno-prawny zakres regulacji. Obniżenie jakości tego prawa w prostej linii skutkuje ograniczeniem prawa własności nieruchomości.
EN
Any local plan of spatial development constitutes a restriction on property ownership. For this reason, it is important to comply with a normative framework of competence that sets certain minimum and maximum in terms of legal regulations for the municipality. The norms, strictly defined in the legal act, determine the legality and completeness of planning acts. Practice proves, however, that the judicature successively loosens its stance regarding the requirements of the legislative process in this respect. It is not about procedural issues, but above all about substantive range of the legal regulation. Lowering the quality of this law directly results in limiting ownership over a property.
PL
Rosnąca liczba rozwodów w Polsce powoduje, że jednym z najczęściej spotykanych typów cywilnych postępowań nieprocesowych jest postępowanie o podział majątku wspólnego małżonków. Sądowy podział majątku wspólnego następuje zwykle wtedy, gdy współuprawnieni nie są w stanie uzgodnić kwestii związanych z wyjściem z łączącej ich wspólności. Jeżeli bowiem podmioty współuprawnione są zgodne co do składu majątku wspólnego oraz sposobu dokonania podziału, to z reguły zawierają stosownej treści umowę. Ten sposób podziału jest znacznie szybszy, a także stwarza większe możliwości dokonania go z uwzględnieniem w szerszym zakresie wszelkich aspektów sytuacji danych podmiotów. I choć, co do zasady, postępowania nieprocesowe wydają się być kategorią prostszą od ich procesowych odpowiedników (chociażby ze względu na brak spornego charakteru samego przedmiotu sprawy, przykładowo konieczności podziału majątku wspólnego małżonków po ustaniu małżeńskiej wspólności majątkowej), mnogość problemów pojawiających się w toku tych postępowań powoduje, że cieszą się one sporym zainteresowaniem praktyków. Nie bez wpływu na ich faktyczny przebieg pozostała jedna z najważniejszych reform postępowania cywilnego ostatnich lat dokonana ustawą z dnia 4 lipca 2019 roku o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw. Jako jeden z najważniejszych celów tej nowelizacji wskazano poprawę realizacji obywatelskiego prawa do sądu.
EN
With the growing number of divorces in Poland, one of the most common types of civil non-trial proceedings is proceedings for the division of community property of spouses. Court-ordered division of community property of spouses usually takes place when the joint holders of rights are unable to agree on issues related to the withdrawal from the joint ownership. If, however, the joint holders of rights agree on the composition of the community property and the manner in which the division is to be carried out, they will, as a rule, enter into an agreement of appropriate content. This method of division is much faster, and also provides more opportunities to do it with a broader consideration of all aspects of the situation of the entities in question. In principle, non-trial proceedings seem to be a simpler category than their procedural counterparts (if only due to the lack of contentious nature of the subject matter of the case itself, for example, the need to divide the community property of the spouses after the cessation of marital property ownership), however, the multiplicity of problems arising in the course of these proceedings makes them of considerable interest to practitioners. One of the most important reforms of civil procedure in recent years, made by the Act of July 04, 2019 amending the Act - Code of Civil Procedure and certain other acts, influenced their actual course. Improving the implementation of the citizen’s right to a court of law has been identified as one of the most important goals of this amendment
16
Content available remote Jakość kruszyw
63%
PL
Przedstawiono ogólne informacje o przemyśle kruszyw w Polsce i o bazie zasobowej. Dokonano porównawczej analizy jakości. Analizie poddano 100 asortymentów kruszyw, wyprodukowanych przez 95 producentów. Kruszywa badano w IMBiGS w latach 2006-2010. Do analizy przyjęto wyniki uzyskane dla frakcji 8/16. Badane kruszywa reprezentowały wszystkie typowe rodzaje kruszyw produkowanych w Polsce. W analizie uwzględniono podstawowe właściwości technologiczne kruszyw, takie jak odporność na rozdrabnianie, odporność na ścieranie, odporność na polerowanie, odporność na ścieranie, odporność na szok termiczny, nasiąkliwość i mrozoodporność. Uzyskane wartości zostały odniesione do wymagań norm PN-EN 12620 i PN-EN 13043. Odniesiono jakość kruszyw do oczekiwań wynikających z potrzeb planowanych inwestycji. Przedstawiono możliwość rozszerzenia bazy surowcowej poza tradycyjnie stosowane materiały.
EN
General information of aggregates industry and resources base has been presented. Comparative quality analysis has been done. The analysis involved 100 ranges of aggregates produced by 95 companies. The aggregates have been tested by IMBiGS in the years 2006-2010. For the analysis, accepted results concerned fraction 8/16. The research were representative for all types of aggregates produced in Poland. The analysis involved basic technological properties of aggregates such as resistance to crushing, grindability, thermal shock resistance, absorbability and freeze resistance. The values gained for particular properties have been related to Standards PN-EN 12620 and PN-EN 13043. The quality of Polish made aggregates has been presented basing on the tests results. The quality of the aggregates has been related to the expectations connected with planned investments. The possibility of expanding raw materials base beyond traditional applied materials has been presented.
17
63%
PL
Autor sygnalizuje w artykule problematykę związaną z zagadnieniem wpływu decentralizacji i dekoncentracji kompetencji na poziom bezpieczeństwa. Artykuł zawiera wprowadzenie do modelu zarzadzania bezpieczeństwem w ujęciu lokalnym oraz relacje katastrofa - postęp.
EN
The author indicates problems connected with influence of decentralization and deconcentration of competences on safety level. The article contains introduction to safety management model from the local point of view and relations the disaster – the development.
EN
One of the basic decision process problems of division and brigade staff is to work out combat variants (technical support variant including) adequate to the superior’s order. Experience from exercises shows that arduous logistic calculations conducted in a traditional way required engaging more people than the exercise’s authors had forecast. Moreover, the results received are of big approximation of events that may take place on the future battlefield. Thus arises the need to select logistic support areas (technical support including) where computer programs facilitating logistic calculations that would be the basis for combat variants evaluation should be applied in the first place. According to the author, the article shows these areas exposing of which is possible thanks to decision process algorithmization.
19
63%
EN
This study is the continuation of considerations included in the article entitled “The Concept of Logistic Units Integrated Command on Brigade and Division Level - Part 1”. The article shows the organisation of work of division logistic units’ integrated command, i.e. logistic regiment command on command post. It has been presented on the background of general troops’ command model binding in NATO armies. The author also raised the most essential issues connected with computerising logistic regiment command post. Suggested solutions related to the organisation of work at logistic regiment command post are convergent with procedures binding in NATO leading armies and with the author’s “Logistic Concept of the Polish Republic’s Armed Forces to the Year 2012” worked out by Polish General Staff in 1998.
20
Content available remote Stan i perspektywy rozwoju bazy uzdrowiskowej w Polsce
63%
PL
Praca przedstawia charakterystyki uzdrowisk balneologicznych w Polsce, opis najczęściej występujących na terenie kraju leczniczych wód mineralnych, podział uzdrowisk polskich, korozyjność wód leczniczych w uzdrowiskach, możliwości rozwoju uzdrowisk w Polsce. Celem uzdrowiska jest rehabilitacja po zabiegach kardiochirurgicznych i chirurgicznych, poprawa lub utrzymanie kondycji w chorobach przewlekłych oraz kuracje profilaktyczne. Lecznictwo uzdrowiskowe różni się od lecznictwa zamkniętego szpitalnego, ponieważ cały proces kuracji przebiega na obszarze uzdrowiska. Leczniczy wpływ klimatu dobrze wpływa na poprawę zdrowotną. Pobyt w tych miejscach coraz częściej jest związany z poprawą urody i odreagowaniem stresu. Obecnie w Polsce funkcjonują 44 uzdrowiska statutowe. Można w nich leczyć choroby układu krążenia, układu oddechowego, układu trawienia, narządu ruchu, choroby kobiece, choroby metaboliczne i endokrynologiczne, choroby skóry i układu moczowego. Kierunki lecznicze w poszczególnych uzdrowiskach pozwalają na zorientowanie się, w których uzdrowiskach mogą być leczone określone grupy chorób. Lekarze, którzy zajmują się kierowaniem i kwalifikowaniem chorych do leczenia uzdrowiskowego, posiadają opracowania zawierające szczegółowe wskazania i przeciwwskazania do leczenia uzdrowiskowego. Na obszarze Polski występują bogate zasoby surowców mineralnych. Klasyfikacja wód leczniczych zależy od ogólnej mineralizacji wody, stężenia składników, ciśnienia osmotycznego oraz temperatury mierzonej przy wypływie. Wody lecznicze reprezentują wszystkie typy wód w balneoterapii i znajdują się na terenach prawie całego kraju. Umożliwia to tworzenie nowych uzdrowisk i ośrodków lecznictwa balneologicznego.
EN
The paper represents characteristics of balneological resorts in Poland, describes medical mineral waters mostly sited in Poland. It also represents Polish resort types, medical water corrosiveness, and perspectives for developing the resorts in the future. The objective of the spa is further rehabilitation after cardiac surgery and surgical, improve or maintain the condition of chronic diseases and preventive treatments. Health resort differs from inpatient hospital , because the entire treatment process takes place in the area of the spa. Therapeutic effect of climate is good for improving health. Today, stay in these places is associated with improvement in beauty and rebound stress. In Poland, currently operate 44 spas. One can treat there cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, gynecological and metabolic diseases, endocrine disorders, skin and urinary tract. Directions healing in various spas allow you to ascertain where the spas can be treated with certain groups of diseases. Doctors who are involved in directing and qualifying patients for spa treatment, have papers containing detailed indications and contraindications for spa treatment. On the area of Poland there are rich mineral resources. Classification of medicinal water depends on the overall mineralization of water, concentrations of the ingredients, the osmotic pressure and the temperature detected by the discharge. The healing waters represent all types of waters in balneotherapy and can be found on almost all areas of the country. This allows the creation of new spas and treatment centers of balneology.
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