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EN
The study concerns the system of disciplinary penalties in the Act of 6 July 1982 on attorney-at-law (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 75, as amended). The Act provides for the penalties of admonitions, reprimands, fines, suspension or revoking of law practicing or trainee’s rights, as well as the prohibition of patronage. Apart from penalties, additional measures may be imposed which act as penal measures known to criminal law. The normative status of both is not clear in the constitutional sense. Undoubtedly, they are repressive in nature, although due to the imprecise definition of a disciplinary tort, they may raise objections from the point of view of the rules of nullum crimen and nulla poena sine lega. Both the axiological structure of the catalog of punishments and the details of their adjudication and execution raise a number of unresolved doubts in the literature. There is also no clear method of determining the amount of the fine, especially for acts that are extended in time, as well as the method of calculating the length of the prohibitions set out in the Act. The study is an attempt to assess the legal nature of penalties and measures indicated in the Act, as well as to resolve the interpretation doubts indicated above.
2
80%
EN
The author suggests to consider disciplinary liability as generic notion, and general and special disciplinary liability can be considered as specific notions. It is stressed that all these types of liability should be based on the principles of legality, validity, expediency, justice, proportionality, inevitability with the mandatory securing the rate of its occurrence and the observance of the presumption of suspect’s innocence.
EN
This is the second part of an analysis of issues related to the procedure concerning the levels and enforcement of disciplinary penalties against people serving prison sentences. The author continues his analysis of the issue of sentencing guidelines in disciplinary proceedings. In addition, he tackles the problem of fl exible modification of disciplinary penalties. A lot of attention is devoted to issues concerning statutory limitations and enforcement of disciplinary penalties as well as supervisory assessment of decisions taken in the course of disciplinary proceedings against inmates.
EN
The article examines issues related to the procedure for the levels and enforcement of disciplinary penalties against convicts serving prison sentences. A particular emphasis is put on the collection of appropriate evidence, conduct of investigations, ensuring the right to defence, and criminal penalty directives. The author also gives alot of attention to persons authorised to establish the level of penalty and the scope of their competence as well as the procedure for appeal from and control of decisions taken as part of disciplinary actions.
EN
The purpose of the article is to present the issue of the first instance decisions in disciplinary proceedings of academic teachers. The author analyzes different categories of the first instance disciplinary decisions’. In the publication also, the formal aspect of the decisions was scrutinized.
PL
: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki orzeczeń pierwszoinstancyjnych w postępowaniu dyscyplinarnym nauczycieli akademickich. Autorka poddaje analizie w przedmiotowym opracowaniu poszczególne kategorie orzeczeń dyscyplinarnych. W opracowaniu został przeanalizowany także aspekt formalny orzeczeń.
PL
The aim of the article is to discuss the principles of liability for minor disciplinary offenses under the Higher Education and Science Act of 20 July 2018. The article presents the principles of administering admonition for the lightest of student offenses, provided for in the higher education legal acts from the interwar period to the current regulations. The author asks a question about the nature of this responsibility – disciplinary or orderrelated, and also refers to other doubts arising from the wording of the current provisions. In the article, the author also includes de lege ferenda postulates.
EN
The article aims to present selected problems of the functioning of the principle of a fair disciplinary response in the matters of the Marshal’s Guard officers. The author analyzes in this study the issue of judgments issued in disciplinary proceedings and the statutory mechanisms of applying disciplinary penalties to officers of the Marshal’s Guard.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie niektórych problemów funkcjonowania zasady trafnej reakcji dyscyplinarnej w odniesieniu do funkcjonariuszy Straży Marszałkowskiej. Autorka poddaje analizie w przedmiotowym opracowaniu kwestię orzeczeń zapadających w postępowaniach dyscyplinarnych oraz ustawowe mechanizmy stosowania kar dyscyplinarnych wobec funkcjonariuszy Straży Marszałkowskiej
8
41%
PL
Students are subject to disciplinary responsibility due to misconduct such as a failure to fulfill their academic duties or to uphold the dignity of the student. The following study focuses on disciplinary penalties for students and rules for their imposition in disciplinary proceedings. The author discusses the catalog of disciplinary penalties and the rules for their imposition on the background of the current legal regulations.
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