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Kształtowanie się zasad dostępu do zasobów cyfrowych w ramach zarządu powierniczego w Stanach Zjednoczonych

100%

Wudarski A.

nr 1 (57)

3–21

The paper focuses on US legislation before the drafting of the Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA) in 2015, examining the legal and social issues faced by American lawyers in their search for a balance be- tween facilitating fiduciary access and respecting privacy. Special attention is paid to the first legislative initiatives at the state level as well as to models of regulations that represent opposite approaches to access to digital assets: the Privacy Expectation Afterlife and Choices Act (PEAC) and the Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (UFADAA). The analysis considers the requirements for gaining access to the account of a deceased user, conflicts between legally protected interests federal and state laws, and the meaning of such legal terms as digital assets, fiduciary, custodian, content of an electronic communication, et. al. The reasons for the failure of these acts to receive final approval are also analysed. The research is based on American doctrine, state and federal legal acts, documentation of the legislative process, and the work of expert groups, including, primarily, the Uniform Law Commission (ULC).

Projekt "Digitální aktiva a soukromé právo". Mezinárodní organizace UNIDROIT vychází z návrhu České republiky

63%

Pauknerová M.

nr 2

156-165

This information deals with the project on Digital assets and private law which is currently being prepared in the framework of UNIDROIT in cooperation with UNCITRAL, the Czech Republic was one of important initiators of this project. The UNIDROIT Exploratory Working Group is composed of experts selected for their expertise in the field of property law, secured transactions, and digital technology and the law, representing the world’s different systems, common law and civil law. The author describes the history of the project and the relevant sources, the scope of the project and definitions of digital assets and control, pointing out on problems of translation into Czech. She introduces the outline of the project, conceived as a set of principles with commentary and illustrations. The project should be finalised in 2022–2023 and adopted in 2023.

Informace je věnována projektu Digitální aktiva a soukromé právo, který je v současné době připravován v rámci UNIDROIT ve spolupráci s UNCITRAL. Jedním z důležitých iniciátorů tohoto projektu byla Česká republika. Pracovní skupina UNIDROIT je složena z expertů v oblasti majetkového práva, zajištěných transakcí a právní regulace digitálních technologií, kteří reprezentují různé právní systémy v rámci common law a civilního práva. Autorka popisuje historii projektu a relevantní zdroje, rozsah projektu a obsahové vymezení digitálních aktiv a kontroly, s poukazem na určité problémy vznikající při překladu do češtiny. Uvádí nástin projektu, který je pojat jako soubor principů s komentářem a ilustracemi na konkrétních příkladech. Projekt by měl být finalizován v letech 2022–2023 a přijat v roce 2023.

Legal regulation of the international financial architecture in the context of digital transformation . The experience of the European Union and the Republic of Poland

63%

Romanenko S.

nr 2

7-21

The digital transformation of public relations has become possible with the introduction of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, immersive technologies, and data analytics. These technologies make it possible to create a metaverse where communication, knowledge acquisition, work, business, investment, creativity, and much more are available to everyone. The article offers an in-depth analysis of the institutional legal framework governing the international financial architecture within the realm of digital transformation. It explores regulatory mechanisms and developmental trends within the legal and financial systems of both the European Union and the Republic of Poland. The study delves into instances of commercial fraud involving digital assets, thoroughly examining their implications on the traditional financial system. In the virtual world, the capital market has no borders and jurisdictions. False and unreliable information has become an instrument of manipulation by society and is actively used by market participants. The conventional financial system experiences a loss of control over its functions, particularly in the process of converting fiat funds into digital assets. Decentralized finance regulated by cryptocurrency can replace the Bretton – Woods system. Blockchain is “a technology of utmost honesty” in data transmission. The task of society is to be guided by ethical, social, moral, and environmental aspects in the initial placement of information. The effectiveness of legal regulation of the digital environment is possible only with the adoption of regulations, rules, and recommendations of international organizations in the legislation of each country. A single principle of legal regulation will allow us to build a more just world and its sustainable development.