Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Systemic circulatory effects of pentagastrin

100%

Pawlik W. W. , Gustaw P. , Czarnobilski K. , Konturek S. J.

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tom 38

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nr 5

2

Influence of physical and chemical factors on acid digestion of Zn-Pb flotation tailings

86%

Pacholewska M. , Frąckowiak A. , Willner J.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2007

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tom Vol. 41

167-176

EN

The acid digestion of flotation tailings from Zn-Pb ore enrichment in the Boleslaw Mine and Metallurgical Plant was aimed at their initial chemical reusing by neutralization of alkaline components of gangue and potential recovery of magnesium compounds from filtrates after acid digestion. The nature of the research was explanatory and the obtained leaching residues will constitute a raw material in flotation tailings bioleaching in the presence of acidophilic microorganisms. The article presents the results of the research regarding the influence of physicochemical factors (H2SO4 concentration, time, temperature, the ratio of solid phase to liquid phase) on the leaching rate of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, iron and lead by acid digestion of flotation tailings as well as the characteristics of solid leaching residues and magnesium compounds obtained by the concentration and crystallization of the filtrate.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wstępne rezultaty badań kwasowego roztwarzania odpadów poflotacyjnych, pochodzących ze wzbogacania rud Zn-Pb z Zakładów Górniczo-Hutniczych Bolesław S.A., które miały na celu wstępną chemiczną utylizację odpadów na drodze neutralizacji alkalicznych składników skały płonnej oraz odzysk związków magnezu z filtratów. Stała pozostałość po ługowaniu stanowić będzie surowiec w dalszych procesach bioługowania odpadów poflotacyjnych z udziałem mikroorganizmów o charakterze kwasolubnym. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wpływem czynników fizykochemicznych (stężenie H2SO4, czas, temperatura, stosunek f. stałej do f. ciekłej) na stopień wyługowania magnezu, cynku, kadmu, żelaza, ołowiu w procesie kwasowego roztwarzania odpadów poflotacyjnych, oraz charakterystykę stałej pozostałości po ługowaniu i związków magnezu uzyskanych w procesie zatężania i krystalizacji filtratu.

3

Digestion and utilization of fructose polymers by the rumen bacterium Treponema sp. strain T

86%

Kasperowicz A. , Michalowski T.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

577-589

4

Single dose of green tea extract decreases lipid digestion and absorption from a test meal in humans

86%

Walkowiak J. , Bajerska J. , Kargulewicz A. , Lisowska A. , Siedlerski G. , Szczapa T. , Kobelska-Dubiel N. , Grzymislawski M.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2013

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tom 60

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nr 3

EN

Background & Aims: Green tea is known worldwide for its high content of polyphenolic compounds and multifactorial beneficial effects on human health. The role of green tea as an inhibitor of lipid hydrolysis is widely discussed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of green tea extract on lipid digestion and absorption. Methods: The study comprised 32 healthy volunteers aged 23 to 30 years with normal exocrine pancreatic function. In all subjects 13C-labelled mixed triglyceride breath test was performed twice with and without green tea extract ingestion. Cumulative percentage dose recovery was considered to reflect digestion and absorption of lipids. Values are expressed as medians and 1st-3rd quartile distribution. Results: In all subjects, cumulative percentage dose recovery values were normal in a placebo test (36.8% <30.1-43.3%>). These results were significantly higher (p=0.021) than those obtained in green tea extract test (28.8% <23.1-37.2%>). Results of six tests with GTE were abnormal. Conclusions: Single dose of green tea extract taken with a test meal decreases lipid digestion and absorption in humans.

5

Przygotowanie próbek przy użyciu kwasów w otwartych i zamkniętych systemach do roztwarzania

86%

Kahr E.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2007

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tom nr 3

12-16

6

Separation of nickel and iron from lateritic ore using a digestion – roasting – leaching – precipitation process

86%

Basturkcu H. , Acarkan N.

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tom Vol. 52, iss. 2

564--574

EN

This paper investigates extraction of nickel and iron from a lateritic nickel ore from the Caldag region of Manisa in Turkey. The ore sample contains 1.2% Ni, 24.77% Fe and 0.062% Co. The process applied includes digestion with 40 wt-% sulfuric acid at 200 C for 60 min, roasting at 700 C for 15 min, leaching with water for 30 min at 1:5 solid/liquid ratio (by weight) and precipitation of the remaining iron at pH 3 and 60 C. In order to improve nickel and cobalt extractions using the digestion-roasting- leaching-precipitation process (DRLP), Na2SO4 addition in the roasting stage was examined. Under the optimum conditions and in the presence of Na2SO4, 86.2% Ni and 94.2% Co extractions were obtained with almost zero iron content. As a result, 2.07 g dm-3 Ni, 0.12 g dm-3 Co and 0.05 g dm-3 Fe could be achieved in the pregnant leach solution within nearly 2.5 hours.

7

Wpływ wstępnej ultradźwiękowej sonifikacji serwatki kwaśnej na efektywność procesu fermentacji metanowej

86%

Zieliński M. , Dębowski M. , Grala A. , Dudek M.

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2012

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tom Tom 14

471--480

EN

Whey is almost clear liquid which is formed as a residue after cutting cow's milk. In its composition contains about 5% of sugar - lactose, protein and 1% and 0.5% fat, as well as minerals and vitamins. Whey may be about 50% dry milk was-was a part is separated from the whey clot, which is produced cheese or casein. 1 part by volume of the resulting cheese falls nearly 10 parts of whey. Rennet in cheese production and ripening sweet whey is obtained, the production of cottage cheese whey acidic. The resulting large quantities of whey in dairy plants could be environmentally dangerous waste from the manufacture of cheese or casein. Because of the huge loads of organic compounds directly from crude whey-operation to the environment threatens to strong contamination. At the same time whey can be a valuable starting material for further processing, eg in the food industry. One possible means of disposal of whey is its use as a substrate for methane fermentation process. Thanks to this potentially dangerous and onerous for the dairy whey can be converted into valuable biogas energy. In this study analyzed the extent to which the application of ultrasound to condition the whey can improve its performance in the process of anaerobic mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Studies on the effects of ultrasound sonication on the effectiveness of the distribution of acid whey was carried out in five series of varying amounts of energy input during conditioning. After the disintegration of the whey, analyzed its susceptibility to anaerobic digestion in the mesophilic anaerobic digestion. For this purpose, respirometric measurements were performed using, as inoculum anaerobic sludge adapted to degrade whey. With the respirometric test performed simultaneous measurements of anaerobic sludge pH. Research in all series including the control series was performed in triplicate. For statistical calculations used the program Statistica 9.0. The obtained results indicate that by sonication can significantly increase the value of energy produced in the process of anaerobic digestion biogas. Despite the sonication energy inputs, increased production of biogas with high methane content makes it advisable to appropriate preparatory treatments of the substrate. The results of series 4 and 5 with the largest dose of ultrasound energy demonstrated that the amount of energy input must be selected very carefully, and the increase in the number entering the ultrasound does not translates into a linear increase in the production of methane. In the series, with shorter times of exposure to ultrasound was shorter acid phase and increase the rate of formation of biogas in comparison to a series of links.

8

Effect of monensin on rumen fermentation and digestion and milk production in lactating dairy cows

86%

Mackintosh E. D. , Phipps R. H. , Sutton J. D. , Humphries D. J. , Wilkinson J. I. D.

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 3

9

A dynamic simulation model of nutrient digestion in the rumen of dairy cows

86%

Petruzzi H. , Danfaer A. , Norgaard P.

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2002

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tom 11

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nr 3

10

Ultrastructure of the digestive system and experimental study of feeding in the monogenean skin and fin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis

72%

Arafa S. Z. , El-Naggar M. M. , Kearn G. C.

Acta Parasitologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 4

EN

In the present study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used to study the ultrastructure of the digestive system, namely the pharynx, oesophageal glands and intestine, of the monogenean skin and fin parasite Macrogyrodactylus congolensis. The pharynx consists of an anterior highly muscular region and a posterior mainly glandular syncytial region. The anterior region is provided with six pharyngeal papillae, the centre of each of which is occupied by electron dense secretory bodies, identical with those in the posterior region of the pharynx. The intestine has an uninterrupted syncytial gastrodermis and the luminal surface is provided with many unbranched lamellae. The intestine of living specimens contains large and small granules which give it a reddish brown colour. Large particles, presumed to be lipid droplets, and small granules, presumed to be melanin granules, were found in the gastrodermis and in the intestinal lumen. Parasites were induced to feed and then preserved for TEM at the following intervals: just after feeding, 30 min after feeding, 1 h 30 min after feeding and 2 h after feeding. The specimens were then processed for TEM and sections cut through the intestine of each specimen were examined with the transmission electron microscope. Three types of vacuoles (V1, V2, V3) were detected in the gastrodermis. Vacuoles V1 have thick walls and are likely to be endocytotic, enclosing luminal contents at the surface of the gastrodermis. V2 vacuoles may be lysosomes that fuse with V1 vacuoles. V3 vacuoles may serve to dispose of residual digestive material into the lumen.

11

Effect of rice straw in the diet for growing goats on site and extent of digestion and N balance

72%

Zhao X. G. , Jiang H. L. , Sun Z. H. , Tang S. X. , Zhou C. S. , Cong Z. H. , Tayo G. O. , Tan Z. L.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 3

379-388

12

Testing of co-fermentation of poultry manure and corn silage

72%

Jędrczak A. , Królik D. , Sadecka Z. , Myszograj S. , Suchowska-Kisielewicz M. , Bojarski J.

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tom No. 13

31--47

EN

The development of the production of poultry meat is connected with an increase in the quantity of the manure. The chemical characteristics predisposes this waste to processing by methane fermentation method. This study investigated the influence of ammonia and volatile fat acids on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry manure. The aim of the studies was: to determine the degree of biodegradation of the poultry manure as well as manure and corn silage mixed in various proportions in the process of mesophilic fermentation, to evaluate the impact of mineral nitrogen and volatile fat acids on the course of fermentation, and to establish optimum proportions of these types of waste. The tests confirmed the positive effect of co-fermentation of poultry manure with corn silage. The most favourable ratio for mixing the substrates is the equal percentage of their dry matter in the mixture. With such waste mixing proportions, the degree of degradation of organic substances contained in the manure amounted to 61.8% and was higher than in the mono-digestion of manure and corn silage.

PL

Rozwój produkcji mięsa drobiowego jest połączony ze wzrostem ilości obornika. Właściwości chemiczne predysponują te odpady do przetwarzania metodą fermentacji metanowej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu amoniaku i lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych na mezofilową ko-fermentację metanową obornika drobiowego i kiszonki z kukurydzy. Celem badań było ustalenie stopnia biodegradacji obornika drobiowego i kiszonki kukurydzy zmieszanych w różnych proporcjach. Badania potwierdziły pozytywny wpływ ko-fermentacji odchodów kurzych z kiszonką, a najlepszy efekt uzyskano po zmieszaniu badanych substratów w równych porcjach. Stopień rozkładu substancji organicznych zawartych w oborniku wyniósł 61,8% i był wyższy niż w mono-fermentacji obornika i kiszonki z kukurydzy.

13

Estimation of digesta kinetics of different particle size fractions using rumen evacuation technique in dairy cows fed red clover-grass silage

72%

Bayat A. R. , Rinne M. , Khalili H. , Valizadeh R. , Huhtanen P.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

538-554

14

Detection of transgenic maize Cry 1 Ab protein subjected to ruminal digestion

72%

Jacobs J. L. , Diez-Gonzalez F. , Stern M. D. , Philips R. L.

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2005

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tom 14

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nr 4

655-664

15

Wpływ sposobu prowadzenia fermentacji osadów ściekowych na produkcję biogazu

72%

Dąbrowska L.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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tom Tom 17, cz. 2

943--957

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different processes of biochemical stabilization of sewage sludge on the following: biogas production, decomposition of organic matter, transfer of heavy metal ions to the liquid phase of sludge. The stabilization processes of interest in this work were: methane thermophilic digestion (55°C), mesophilic digestion (37°C), mesophilic digestion of thermophilically hydrolyzed sludge. To characterize biogas production in bioreactors, modified Gompertz equation was used. Higher biogas yields were obtained during thermophilic digestion, compared to the yields obtained under mesophilic conditions – 1.01 and 0.91 dm-3 from 1 g of the removed dry organic matter of sludge, respectively. Mesophilic digestion of thermophilically hydrolyzed sludge provided the highest biogas production, approximately 1.15 dm-3 from 1 g of the removed dried organic matter of sludge. A comparable degree of organic matter degradation was observed for all digestion processes, 35–41%. CH4 content in biogas during sludge mesophilic digestion, excluding 1st day, amounted to 59–64%, while during thermophilic digestion – 57–62%. Higher value of biogas production velocity coefficient while intensive growth phase of mixed microbes population (1.11 dm-3/d), during preliminary hydrolyzed sludge stabilization, in comparison to non-hydrolyzed sludge (0.87 dm-3/d), indicates the possibility of obtaining higher biogas production. Therefore it would be more beneficial to conduct mesophilic digestion of sludge which was preliminarily hydrolyzed at temperature of 55°C. The application of thermophilic digestion did not significantly influence the release of heavy metal ions to the stabilized sludge liquid. The concentration of zinc in the liquid was below 0.8 mg/ dm-3 during digestion. The concentration of the other metals was below 0.2 mg/ dm-3 for all digestion processes.

16

Critical evaluation of the effectiveness of nitric acid oxidizing systems: pressurized microwave-assisted digestion procedure

72%

Matusiewicz H.

Chemia Analityczna

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2001

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tom Vol. 46, No. 6

897-905

EN

The possibilities of enhancement of a medium-pressure microwave-assisted digestion system for sample preparation in trace element analysis of biological material was investigated. Based on optimal digestion conditions for oxidizing systems with nitric acid, different digestion procedures were examined to minimize residual carbon. The substitution of nitric acid and the addition of hydrogen peroxide and ozone to nitric acid was evaluated. The residual carbon content of the digestate was determined coulometrically. Addition of hydrogen peroxide during organic oxidation reactions does not lower the dissolved carbon in the solution. Ozone was tested as an additional, potentially non-contaminating, digestion/oxidation system to the nitric acid used in the sample preparation method. The digestion efficiency of an optimized nitric acid system was improved by 13% by adding oxidizing agent like ozone.

PL

Badano możliwości zwiększenia efektywności zamkniętego systemu mikrofalowego w procesie przygotowania próbki biologicznej w analizie śladowej. Zbadano wpływ różnych metod mineralizacji (HNO3, HNO3 + H(2)O(2), HNO(3) + O(3)) na efektywność rozkładu substancji organicznej. Miarą niecałkowitej mineralizacji matrycy organicznej by ł pomiar sygnału analitycznego oznaczanego kulometrycznie węgla. Stwierdzono, że dodatek H(2)O(2) do kwasu azotowego nie obniżył zawartości rozpuszczalnego węgla w roztworze, natomiast dodatek O(3) podwyższył o 13% efektywność mineralizacji zoptymalizowanego systemu utleniającego stosującego kwas azotowy.

17

Effect of dietary level of maize- and rye distiller dried grains with solubles on nutrient utilization and digesta viscosity in laying hens

72%

Swiatkiewicz S. , Koreleski J.

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

668-677

18

Evaluation of digestion procedures for the analysis of vegetables by the ICP emission spectrometry

72%

Borkowska-Burnecka J. , Miazga W. , Żyrnicki W.

Chemia Analityczna

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2000

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tom Vol. 45, No. 3

429-438

EN

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method was used for multielemental analysis of some vegetables (tomatoes, green peas, corn, tomato concentrate, canned green peas and canned sweet corn). Three digestion procedures: high pressure microwave digestion, conventional wet digestion and dry ashing were applied for sample preparation. Consistent analytical results were obtained from the high pressure microwave digestion and conventional acid decomposition procedures. Losses of some elements at dry ashing decomposition were observed. The microwavte digestion was found to be the most appropriate method for decomposition of the examined samples. Elements of mineral matrix (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P) and trace elements (Al, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Ti and Zn) were measured for all the materials. Interelement effects were investigated and discussed. Concentrations of trace elements were determined using matrix matched standards. The method was tested by analysis of reference materials CL-1 (Cabbage Leaves) and SRM1570a (Spinach Leaves).

PL

Metodę emisyjnej atomowej spektrometrii indukcyjnie sprzężonej plazmy wykorzystano do wielopierwiastkowej analizy wybranych warzyw i ich produktów (pomidory, zielony groszek, kukurydza, koncentrat pomidorowy, groszek i kukurydza konserwowa). Badano zawartość pierwiastków nieorganicznej matrycy (Ca, K, Na, Mg, P) i pierwiastków śladowych (Al, B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sr, Ti, Zn). Próbki do analizy przygotowano stosując trzy procedury mineralizacji: spopielanie, wysokociśnieniową mineralizację mikrofalową oraz klasyczny rozkład z użyciem HNOs i H2O2. Zgodne wyniki analityczne otrzymano po zastosowaniu mikrofalowej i klasycznej mineralizacji z użyciem kwasu dla wszystkich badanych materiałów. Przy suchej mineralizacji wyniki uzyskane dla Al, B, Ba i Cr były niższe niż otrzymane po rozkładzie z użyciem kwasu. Zbadano wpływ pierwiastków nieorganicznej matrycy na wielkość sygnałów analitycznych pierwiastków śladowych. Wiarygodność metody sprawdzono analizując próbki dwóch materiałów odniesienia CL-1 (Liście Kapusty) i SRM1570a (Liście Szpinaku).

19

Effects of the anaerobic bio-waste treatment processes on the quality of the digestion residues and the wastewater

72%

Lohse M. , Gallenkemper B. , Becker G. , Böning T. , Hams S.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2003

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tom T. 6, nr 3/4

275-287

EN

In recent years the technique of digestion of separate collected organic waste became more and more important in Germany. The quality of the solid residues of the compost of anaerobic digestion is of great importance for utilisation and marketing. When using a wet treatment process, a lot of wastewater is produced, which is reused as process water. These aspects have to be taken into account for a treatment concept and the degradation process. In investigations, sponsored by the German Federal Foundation for Environment, a survey of the digestion residues quality and their composts from different bio-waste digestion plants in Germany was given. The influence of the process management (wet/dry, meso-/thermophilic) on the product quality was determined, and the latter was compared with composts from aerobic treatment of bio-waste. A second project, sponsored by the Oswald Schulze Foundation, focused on the composition of wastewater from bio-waste digestion plants. The technical investigations of a single- -staged wet digestion comprised the influence of process water circulation, of the waste type (separate collected bio waste, kitchen waste) and of the process temperature on the process water composition. It became apparent that the closed substance cycle of the process water lead to a distinct increase of the concentration of the ingredients and that inhibition of the anaerobic degradation process might arise.

PL

W ostatnich latach w Niemczech wzrosło zainteresowanie procesem fermentacji gromadzonych oddzielnie odpadów organicznych. Jakość kompostu oraz stałych pozostałości po procesie fermentacji beztlenowej ma ogromne znaczenie dla ich utylizacji i wprowadzenia na rynek. Zastosowanie procesu mokrego oczyszczania powoduje wytwarzanie znacznych ilości ścieków, które można ponownie wykorzystać jako wody procesowe. Wymienione aspekty należy uwzględnić zarówno na etapie opracowania koncepcji unieszkodliwiania, jak i podczas fermentacji bioodpadów. W projekcie badawczym finansowanym przez German Federal Foundation for Environment przeprowadzono analizę jakości pozostałości fermentacyjnych oraz kompostu z różnych instalacji fermentacyjnych bioodpadów w Niemczech. Określono wpływ sposobu prowadzenia procesu (mokry/suchy, mezofilny/termofilny) na jakość produktu, którą później porównano z jakością kompostu otrzymanego na drodze fermentacji tlenowej. Projekt finansowany przez Oswald Schulze Foundation dotyczył składu ścieków powstałych w instalacjach fermentacyjnych bioodpadów. Techniczne badania jednoetapowej mokrej fermentacji uwzględniały ocenę wpływu cyrkulacji wód procesowych, typu odpadów (oddzielnie gromadzone bioodpady, odpady kuchenne) oraz temperatury procesu na skład wód procesowych. Zamknięty obieg wód procesowych spowodował znaczny wzrost stężenia składników, które mogły hamować proces fermentacji.

20

Wpływ czasu nadźwiękawiania na generację LKT i masę osadu w procesie fermentacji osadów ściekowych

72%

Kuszmider G. , Kudela P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2015

|

tom Nr 41

148--152

PL

Stosowanie pola ultradźwiękowego o mocy 300 W oraz częstotliwości 25 kHz, wywołuje zmiany w strukturze osadu oraz zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych, generowanych podczas fermentacji beztlenowej osadów ściekowych. Zmiany te zależne są od stosowanego czasu nadźwiękawiania. Za najbardziej korzystny przyjęto czas 15 minutowy. Zaobserwowano różnice w stężeniach generowanych LKT, mimo iż nadźwiękawianiu poddawano jedynie 1/5 objętości osadu. Pozwoliło to na średni 15% wzrost zawartości LKT w stosunku do osadu niesonifikowanego. Jednocześnie na pogłębienie rozkładu materii organicznej zawartej w osadzie, skuteczniejszą jego stabilizację oraz redukcję masy, na którą dodatkowy wpływ wywierał towarzyszący nadźwiękawianiu proces dezintegracji osadu.

EN

Application of ultrasonic fields with a power of 300 W and the frequency 25 kHz, causes changes in the sewage sludge and in content of volatile fatty acids produced during the sludge anaerobic digestion. These changes depend on the applicable sonification time. The most favourable time was assumed to be 15 minutes. The differences have been observed at concentrations of volatile fatty acids generated, although 1/5 of the sludge volume was sonificated. This resulted in an average 15% increase in VFA content compared to non-sonificated sludge. At the same time, a higher degree of sludge organic matter decomposition was obtained, which had a positive effect on the sludge stabilization. The sludge disintegration via sludge sonification caused also a higher reduction in sludge weight (total solids).