Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Influence of selected dietary components on the functioning of the human nervous system

100%

Wendolowicz A. , Stefanska E. , Ostrowska L.

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nr 1

EN

The diet is directly connected not only with the physical status but also with the functioning of the brain and the mental status. The potentially beneficial nutrients with a protective effect on the nervous system function include amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, taurine), glucose and vitamins C, E, D and beta-carotene, B group vitamins (vitamin B12, vitamin B6, vitamin B4, vitamin B1) and minerals (selenium, zinc, magnesium, sodium, iron, copper, manganese, iodine). The presence of antioxidants in the diet protects against oxidative damage to nervous system cells. Biochemical data indicate that polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) as structural components of the nervous system play a key role in its function. The nutrition of the entire body also influences the production of neurotransmitters in the brain. A diet without an appropriate supply of protein, mineral nutrients or vitamins may result in a failure to form appropriately balanced numbers of neurotransmitters, which, as a result, may lead to neurotransmission dysfunction. This is the reason why proper nutrition is based on vegetables, fruits, whole-grain cereal products supplemented with products providing full-value protein (dairy products, fish, lean meat) and high-quality fat products (vegetable oils, fish fats).

PL

Sposób żywienia ma bezpośredni związek nie tylko ze stanem fizycznym ale również z funkcjonowaniem mózgu i kondycją psychiczną. Wśród potencjalnie dobroczynnych składników pożywienia działających protekcyjnie na funkcjonowanie układu nerwowego wymienia się między innymi aminokwasy (tryptofan, fenyloalanina, tyrozyna, tauryna), glukozę oraz witaminy C, E, D i beta-karoten, witaminy z grupy B (witamina B12, witamina B6, witamin B4, witaminaB1) oraz składniki mineralne (selen, cynk, magnez, sód, żelazo, miedź, mangan, jod). Obecność w diecie przeciwutleniaczy chroni przed oksydacyjnym uszkodzeniem komórek układu nerwowego. Dane biochemiczne wskazują, że wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe takie jak kwas arachidonowy (AA), kwas dokozaheksaenowy (DHA), kwas eikozapentaenowy (EPA) oraz gamma-linolenowy (GLA) jako składniki strukturalne układu nerwowego odgrywają kluczową rolę w jego funkcjonowaniu. Odżywienie całego organizmu wpływa na wytwarzanie w mózgu neurotransmiterów. Brak w diecie odpowiedniej podaży energii, białka, związków mineralnych czy witamin może spowodować niewykształcenie odpowiednio zbilansowanych ilości neurotransmiterów, co w efekcie może prowadzić do dysfunkcji neurotransmisyjnej czego konsekwencją mogą być różne zaburzenia stanu psychicznego. Dlatego, tak ważne jest prawidłowe żywienie opierające się na warzywach, owocach, produktach zbożowych z pełnego przemiału uzupełnione produktami dostarczającymi pełnowartościowego białka (produkty mlecze, ryby, chude mięso) oraz produktami tłuszczowymi o wysokiej jakości (oleje roślinne, tłuszcze pochodzące z ryb).

2

Nutritional efficiency of genetically-modified insect resistant corn [MON 810] and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal [Roundup Ready] for broilers

67%

Swiatkiewicz S. , Swiatkiewicz M. , Koreleski J. , Kwiatek K.

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2010

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tom 54

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nr 1

43-48

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetically-modified (GM) insect-resistant corn (MON 810) and glyphosate-tolerant GM soybean meal (Roundup Ready, MON 40-30-2), used as the main dietary components for broilers, on the performance parameters, results of slaughter analysis, and the chemical composition of the breast muscles. In a 42-d floor pen experiment, Ross 308 broilers were fed corn-soybean meal diets. In the experiment, a randomised complete block design was used with 4 dietary treatments. Each treatment was divided into 4 replicates (pens) of 40 birds. All the experimental diets met the requirements of broilers; they were all isonitrogenous and isoenergetic, and contained non-modified corn and soybean meal (group I), non-modified corn and GM soybean (group II), GM corn and non-modified soybean meal (group III), or GM corn and GM soybean meal (group IV), respectively. The nutrient composition of Bt corn and its non-modified isogenic counterpart (parental line) revealed no major differences. The final live weight, average daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion (feed:gain ratio), and mortality rate did not differ statistically across the dietary treatments. No statistical differences (P>0.05) were also found in the results of slaughter analysis (carcass yield, meat yield, abdominal fat pad, and relative weight of the liver, gizzard, and spleen) and chemical composition of the breast muscles. It was concluded that insect-resistant GM corn (MON 810) and soybean meal produced from glyphosate-tolerant GM soybean (Roundup Ready) are nutritionally equivalent to conventional feeds and can be used as components of broiler diets with no adverse effect on performance indices.

3

Assessment of the antioxidant properties of corn foodstuffs

67%

del Castillo M. D. , Ullate M. , Rodriguez-Valenciano M. , Blanch G. P.

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

4

Quantitative analysis of the level of p53 and p21 WAF1 mRNA in human colon cancer HT-29 cells treated with inositol hexaphosphate

67%

Weglarz L. , Molin I. , Orchel A. , Parfiniewicz B. , Dzierzewicz Z.

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tom 53

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nr 2

EN

The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular mechanism of inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) action through which it may inhibit proliferation of colon cancer cells and cell cycle progression. A kinetic study of p53 and p21WAF1 mRNA increase was performed on human colon cancer HT-29 cells after treatment with 1, 5 and 10 mM InsP6 for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Real-time-QPCR based on TaqMan methodology was applied to analyze quantitatively the transcript levels of these genes. The transcription of β-actin and GAPDH genes was assessed in parallel to select the control gene with least variability. The 2-ΔΔCt method was used to analyze the relative changes in gene transcription. InsP6 stimulated p53 and p21WAF1 expression at the mRNA level, with the highest increase in p21WAF1 mRNA occurring at 24 h, i.e., following the highest increase in p53 mRNA observed at 12 h. Based on these studies it may be concluded that the ability of InsP6 to arrest the cell cycle may be mediated by the transcriptional up-regulation of the p53-responsive p21WAF1 gene.

5

What is the diet of Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda), a non-indigenous species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea)?

51%

Janas U. , Baranska A.

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tom 50

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nr 2

221-237

EN

Palaemon elegans, a new component of the Gulf of Gdańsk macrozoobenthos, colonised the southern Baltic coastal zone in the late 20th and early 21st century. Analysis of the stomach contents of P. elegans revealed 16 plant and animal taxa that these prawns had fed on. The principal dietary component was detritus, with a mean frequency of occurrence in stomachs of > 80%. The most frequently occurring plant components in the diet were algae from the genus Cladophora and the family Ectocarpaceae, while the most significant animal components were Harpacticoida, Chironomidae, Ostracoda and Gammarus spp. The results of the study show that the dietary composition of P. elegans differed significantly between stations and months. The foraging area consisted of two distinctive regions – the Inner Puck Bay, and the Outer Puck Bay together with the Dead Vistula River; two of the stations – Gdynia and Sopot – were distinct from all the others. However, no obvious seasonality in the food composition could be demonstrated.