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  1. 6 Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
  2. 3 Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
  3. 2 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
  4. 2 Journal of Ecological Engineering
  5. 2 Mineral Resources Management
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  1. 4 2022
  2. 1 2021
  3. 3 2019
  4. 3 2017
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  1. 4 Puszkarewicz A.
  2. 3 Kaleta J.
  3. 3 Papciak D.
  4. 2 Jirásek J.
  5. 2 Koyuncu M.
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1
Content available Adsorption of Chromium (VI) on Raw and Modified Carpathian Diatomite
100%
Puszkarewicz A. , Kaleta J.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2019
|
tom Vol. 20, nr 7
11--17
EN
The paper presents the research on the usability of natural Carpathian diatomite for removing chromate ions from water solutions. The concentration of chromium (VI) in test water was C0 = 1 g/m3. Both raw diatomite and the diatomite modified with iron compounds of granulation 0.5–1.0 mm were tested. The process kinetics, as well as the effect of water reaction and the diatomite type on chromium sorption were determined under static conditions (no through flow). For both diatomite types, the chromium adsorption proceeded most effectively at pH 4. The effect of diatomite modification with iron compounds on the effectiveness of chromium (VI) adsorption was determined on the basis of Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Compared to raw diatomite, the modified adsorbent (diatomite-Fe) exhibited great sorption capacity for chromate ions from water. When applied under dynamic conditions (v = 4 m/h), as filtration bed, it removed chromium compounds from water very effectively. It makes diatomite-Fe material a promising candidate for application in water treatment systems. The chromium concentration in the effluent oscillated within Ck = 0.001–0.002 mg/dm3, and the adsorption capacity of the bed, determined in the bed breakthrough point, reached Pp = 316.8 mg/kg.
2
Content available remote Parametry płukania złóż diatomitowych
100%
Siwiec T.
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
|
2010
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tom Nr 9
11-14
PL
Charakterystyka diatomitu. Wyniki badań :strat ciśnienia w funkcji prędkości płukania podczas przepływu wody przez złoże nieruchome i złoże w stanie fluidalnym, minimalnej prędkości fluidyzacji oraz zmiany ekspansji złoża.
EN
Diatomite characteristics. Research results for: pressure losses in the function of rinsing speed during water flow through immobile bed and through fluid bed; minimal fluidization speed; bed expansion change.
3
Content available Physical purification of diatomite based on laminar-flow centrifugal separation
100%
Yang X. , Sun Z. , Zheng S.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2014
|
tom Vol. 50, iss. 2
705--718
EN
Natural diatomaceous earth or diatomite of good quality becomes rare and a demand for it increases every year. In this paper, we develop a novel method based on laminar-flow centrifugal separation to purify mid- and low-grade diatomite for industrial production purposes. Effects of the drum cone angle, drum speed, feeding concentration, feeding flow rate and feeding time on separation were investigated experimentally. The interdependency of these variables was studied using a response surface experiment. Operating conditions of a laminar-flow centrifugal separator were further optimized. Results showed that the feeding flow rate had a great influence on a silicon dioxide content of diatomaceous in concentrate and tailing. The optimal separation results were achieved as 87.5 wt.%, of SiO2 content of diatomaceous in concentrate and 6.98 wt.% in tailing. The optimal operating conditions included the drum cone angle of 0.0087 rad, the drum speed of 89.62 rad/s, the feeding concentration of 24.66 wt.%, the feeding flow rate of 2.33×10–4 m3/s, and the feeding time of 90 s. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) clearly indicated that the pore blockage on the surface of diatoms was cleared out. The variation about the breakage rate of diatom shells was lower than 5% through the pilot purification production line. The characterization of original diatomite and derived products after purification were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the impurity content of purified diatomite was improved significantly.
4
Content available Characteristics of cationic red x-grl adsorption by raw diatomite and diatomite concentrate
100%
Ren Z. , Guan J. , Gao H. , Tian J. , Wen Y. , Zheng R.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2016
|
tom Vol. 52, iss. 1
44--55
EN
Raw diatomite (RD) and diatomite concentrate (DC) were used for the adsorption of cationic Red X-GRL from aqueous solutions. Mono-factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of the operation factor, and adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and mechanisms were explored. Similar trend for X-GRL adsorption onto RD and DC was observed. The adsorption capacity of dyes increased slightly with temperature, and the neutral pH was the optimum level. The adsorption processes occurred in accordance with the pseudo second-order model and were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The main driving forces of the physical adsorption on the diatomite were electrostatic attraction and van der Waals force. The RD could uptake more X-GRL than DC due to its higher content of fine particle and therefore, due to higher surface area available for adsorption. Raw diatomite as a cheap absorbent for X-GRL removal can be suggested as a promising supplement to activated carbon.
5
Content available The impact of diatomite on the thermal conductivity of solidified grout
100%
Dubiel S. , Śliwa T. , Kowalski T. , Stryczek S. , Wiśniowski D. , Bieda A. , Piwowarczyk S. , Beszłej J. , Naklicki M.
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
|
2017
|
tom Vol. 34, no. 3
691--700
EN
The use of suitable materials for the preparation of sealing grout is an important issue from the point of view of the correct construction of borehole heat exchangers and geothermal wells. The minimization of the loss of heat during the transport of thermal water in geothermal wells can be achieved by use of sealing slurries with reduced thermal conductivity. Such slurries are also recommended in the upper part of deep borehole heat exchangers and the upper part of energy piles. The publication describes the impact of the addition of diatomite as a material lowering the thermal conductivity of solidified grout.
6
Content available remote Teksturalne, adsorpcyjne i katalityczne właściwości diatomitu i jego chemicznych modyfikacji
100%
Sarbak Z.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2010
|
tom T. 89, nr 5
692-695
7
Content available remote Colour removal from aqueous solution of tar-chromium green 3G dye using natural diatomite
88%
Koyuncu M.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2012
|
tom Vol. 48, iss. 2
485-494
EN
Removal of Tar-Chromium Green 3G dye from aqueous solution at different dye concentrations, different temperatures and adsorbent doses has been studied. It was seen that the maximum of 88% adsorption has been achieved from the wastewater using 3.0 g material at 30oC temperature for shaking time of 60 min.The adsortion isotherms are described by means of the Langmuir and Freudlich isotherms at different temperatures of 25, 30 and 35C, and the results were discussed. The equilibrium data satisfied both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS and ΔG were also studied. It was found that the values of standard free energy (ΔG) and the values of standard enthalpy (ΔH) were negative and entropy (ΔS) was found to be positive. Thermodynamic studies showed that the reaction for uptake by diatomite is exohtermic in nature.The results of this study showed that diatomite could be employed as effective and low-cost materials for the removal of the dye from aqueous solution.
8
Content available Pore structure and surface properties of diatomite with mechanical grinding and its influence on humidity control
88%
Hu Z. , Zheng S. , Li J. , Zhang S. , Liu M. , Wang Z. , Li J. , Sun H.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2022
|
tom Vol. 58, iss. 6
art. no. 153509
EN
Mechanical grinding (MG) is an effective method to regulate the pore structure and surface properties of mineral material. Grinding diatomite samples were prepared by horizontal sander under different grinding time. The pore structure and surface properties of grinding samples were characterized systematically by the particle size analysis, low temperature nitrogen adsorption, MIP, fractal theory, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR and surface hydroxyl density analysis. The humidity control performance (HCP) of grinding diatomite was tested under different temperature and relative humidity. The relationship among pore structure, surface properties and HCP was analyzed. The results show that macroporous is more easily damaged by mechanical force than mesoporous, and the internal blind holes structure can be opened. The HCP of diatomite is positively correlated with the specific surface area, mesoporous volume, the inhomogeneity of macroporous structure and the number of hydroxyl groups, while negatively correlated with the proportion of macroporous volume.
9
Content available Research Results of a Complex Reagent for Wastewater Purification from Hydrogen Sulfide
75%
Ospanov K. , Kuldeyev E. , Kenzhaliyev B. , Kuldeyeva E.
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2022
|
tom Vol. 23, nr 5
278--285
EN
This article presents the results of research intended to obtain a complex alumina-iron reagent based on natural diatomite and industrial products of alumina production for wastewater purification from hydrogen sulfide. The material composition of the obtained samples using X-ray diffraction analysis was determined. The results of interaction research in the NaFeO2 – H2S – H2O system at 25°С are given. The results of research on wastewater purification from hydrogen sulfide in Almaty city with the use of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, sodium ferrite and a complex reagent containing iron at the content of 5.1 mg/l H2S in the initial sample of wastewater were presented.
10
Content available Diatomaceous rocks of the Jawornik deposit (the Polish Outer Carpathians): petrophysical and petrographical evaluation
75%
Figarska-Warchoł B. , Stańczak G. , Rembiś M. , Toboła T.
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
|
2015
|
tom Vol. 41, no. 4
311--331
EN
Diatomites belonging to a list of raw materials used in the EU criticality assessment are essential to many industrial applications due to a unique combination of their physical properties, i.e. porous and permeable structure, high specific surface area and adsorption capacity, low density and thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness. The present study was undertaken to analyse the relationships between the pore network characteristics, petrophysical parameters, and mineralogical variability of the Lower Miocene diatomites from the Jawornik deposit (Skole Unit, the Polish Outer Carpathians, SE Poland). Five varieties of the diatomites, distinguished on the basis of the macroscopic features, i.e., colour and fracturing effects, have been investigated by SEM, chemical and XRD analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, helium pycnometry, and the Vickers hardness tests. Significantly differing are two varieties. The light-coloured, massive and block-forming diatomites (variety BL) consist mainly of poorly cemented siliceous skeletal remains of diatoms, and represent the rocks with high total porosity (38–43%), low bulk density (1.28–1.38 g/cm3) and low microhardness (10.7 HV0.3). The dark-gray silicified diatomites with a platy or prismatic splitting (variety PD) reveal obscured microfossils of diatoms and are the most compact and hard rocks (80.8 HV0.3), with poor total porosity (17–24%) and higher bulk density (1.70–1.78 g/cm3). The spatial distribution of the field identifiable rock varieties allows selective exploitation of the diatomites with the predictable petrophysical characteristics that define their future use.
11
Content available Diatomaceous earth in the prevention of worm infestation in purebred pigeons
75%
Wiewiora M. , Lukasiewicz M. , Bartosik J. , Makarski M. , Niemiec T.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
|
2015
|
tom 54[2]
EN
Diatomaceous earth in the prevention of worm infestation in purebred pigeons. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of diatomaceous earth in the prevention of worm infestation in purebred pigeons and forms of its application. Diatomaceous earth (diatomite) was given to pigeons in the province of Mazovia. The following pigeon breeds were used in the experiment: Warsaw butterfly, Berlin white tail, starling and Polish owl. An addition of the natural mineral at 2% of the daily dose of feed was given for three weeks in nine dovecotes. The pigeons were divided into two groups. The Group I comprised 150 birds in five dovecotes. These birds were given grain (feed mix for pigeons, made by Kampol) plus diatomite mixed with a mineral additive (mineral complementary feed, made by Biowet). Group II comprised 150 birds in the other five dovecotes. These birds were given grain (feed mix for pigeons, made by Kampol) mixed with diatomite. The experiment found that the number of parasite eggs in the group I was reduced after a week following the application of diatomite, whereas the number of Capillaria nematode eggs and the proportion of Eimeria coccidia oocysts decreased considerably in group II.
PL
Ziemia okrzemkowa w profilaktyce odrobaczania gołębi rasowych. Celem badania było określenie skuteczności działania ziemi okrzemkowej w profilaktyce odrobaczania gołębi rasowych oraz formy jej podania. Ziemię okrzemkową (diatomit) podawano w gołębnikach zlokalizowanych na terenie województwa mazowieckiego. Dodatek naturalnego minerału podawano w ilości 2% dziennej dawki paszy przez okres trzech tygodni w dziesięciu gołębnikach. Gołębie podzielono na dwie grupy. W grupie I 150 ptaków pochodzących z pięciu gołębników otrzymywało ziarno (mieszanka dla gołębi firmy Kampol) oraz osobno ziemię okrzemkową wymieszaną z mieszanką paszową uzupełniającą mineralną (firmy Biowet). W grupie II 150 gołębi z pozostałych 5 gołębników otrzymywało ziemię okrzemkową wymieszaną z ziarnem (mieszanka dla gołębi firmy Kampol). W kale gołębi zidentyfikowano 3 grupy pasożytów: jaja nicieni z rodzaju Capillaria, jaja nicieni z rodzaju Ascaridia oraz oocysty kokcydiów z rodzaju Eimeria. W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu stwierdzono w 5 gołębnikach (ZO+ziarno+mieszanka mineralna Biowet) całkowitą likwidację jaj pasożytów już po tygodniu stosowania ziemi okrzemkowej, a w 5 pozostałych (ZO+ziarno) wyraźne zmniejszenie liczebności jaj nicieni Capillaria oraz zmniejszenie udziału oocyst kokcydiów Eimeria.
12
Content available Development of the diatomite production, reserves and its processing in the Czech Republic in 1999‒2018
75%
Zahradník J. , Jirásek J. , Zahradník J. , Sivek M.
|
|
tom 35
|
nr 2
13
Content available remote Evaluation of Egyptian diatomite for filter aid applications
75%
Ibrahim S. S. , Selim A. Q.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2011
|
tom Vol. 47
113-122
EN
Diatomite is fine-grained fossil siliceous sedimentary rock. It consists of micronized amorphous silica with a special porous structure. In this study, a technological diatomite sample was subjected to characterization by XRD, XRF, SEM and TEM techniques. Results showed the high grade of the sample with silica content exceeding 90% SiO2. The main accompanying minerals were fine sands, calcite, and kaolinite. The sample was subjected to gentle size reduction to avoid ore cell destruction. The attrition +74μm fraction was rejected, where the -74μm slurry continued refining via the 7.62cm Sprout Bauer and the 5.08cm Mosley hydrocyclones. The -25μm fraction was investigated as the final refined diatomite product.
14
Content available Thermodynamics and adsorption studies of dye (rhodamine-b) onto natural diatomite
75%
Koyuncu M. , Kul A. R.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2014
|
tom Vol. 50, iss. 2
631--643
EN
Thermodynamics and adsorption studies were conducted with a dye of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite. Adsorption of the dye was investigated with an initial dye concentration at pH 8±0.2, 303, 313 and 323 K. The adsorption experiments were carried out isothermally at three different temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the equilibrium data and the results were discussed in details. The kinetic data agreed with the pseudo-first order model with rate constants (k2) in the range of 3.05–1.59.10–1 g/mg min. The thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy, entropy change and enthalpy were calculated for natural diatomite. These values showed that adsorption of rhodamine-B on natural diatomite was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
15
Wastewater sludge conditioning with diatomite used for beer breaking
75%
Straczynska-Knysak M. , Krzemieniewski M. , Janczukowicz W. , Pesta J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2001
|
tom 10
|
nr 4
EN
This paper presents the results of an experiment on the use of diatomite from beer breaking, as a filtration agent in wastewater sludge dewatering. Results of the study have allowed us to conclude that it may be one of the practical ways to dispose of this troublesome waste product.
16
Diatomit - materiał o wielu możliwościach
63%
Szymańska M. , Kręgiel D.
Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski
|
2021
|
tom nr 2
59--62
PL
Diatomit to ziemia okrzemkowa, naturalny minerał pochodzenia organicznego. Skały okrzemkowe należą do skał osadowych, powstałych w okresie trzeciorzędu i czwartorzędu z pancerzyków jednokomórkowych okrzemek, które osiadły na dnie mórz i jezior. Podstawowym składnikiem diatomitu jest krzemionka SiO2 o różnym stopniu uwodnienia, której towarzyszą niewielkie ilości innych substancji mineralnych. Materiał ten posiada ujemny ładunek elektryczny, stąd zdolność diatomitu do przyciągania różnorodnych cząsteczek, do których należą liczne zanieczyszczenia. Artykuł omawia unikatowe właściwości diatomitu, które mogą być wykorzystane w wielu dziedzinach biogospodarki.
EN
Diatomite is diatomaceous earth, a natural mineral of organic origin. Diatomaceous rocks were formed in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods from the shells of single celled diatoms that settled on the bottom of seas and lakes. The basic component of diatomite is silica SiO2 of various degrees of hydration, with small amounts of other minerals. This mineral material has a negative electric charge, therefore diatomite shows ability to attract various particles, including numerous impurities. The paper discusses the unique properties of diatomite that can be used in many areas of the bioeconomy.
17
Content available remote Diatomity jako sorbenty zwiazków ropopochodnych
63%
Puszkarewicz A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska
|
2000
|
tom z. 32[180], cz.2
337-343
EN
The study presents the tests of effectiveness of the removal crude oil pollution on the diatomite from Jawornik Ruski area. In static conditions the adsorption isotherms have been determined for granulation 0,75 - 1,2 mm of raw adsorbent. The kinetics of sorption has also been examined. In dynamic conditions on the filter column filled with material granulation 0,75 - 1,2 mm, has been determined sorption process of crude oil compounds. The experiment was carried out on raw and recovered (by roasting) adsorbents, for initial concentration of adsorbate C0=135 mg/dm3. Have been calculated sorption capacity of raw and recovered filter bed and have been compared the proprieties of diatomite.
18
Content available Development of the diatomite production, reserves and its processing in the Czech Republic in 1999‒2018
63%
Zahradník J. , Jirásek J. , Zahradník J. , Sivek M.
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
|
2019
|
tom T. 35, z. 2
31--48
EN
This paper aims to characterize and interpret the trends in reserves, resources, and mine production of diatomite in the Czech Republic in last two decades. With more than 2.4 million tonnes of total reserves, 1.6 million tonnes of exploitable (recoverable) reserves, and average annual production of 35 kt, diatomite is not one of the key industrial minerals of the Czech Republic, which ranks among the top 10 European producers. Historical diatomite deposits were situated within the Cheb Basin, where the Holocene Hájek diatomite deposit was abandoned in 1955 because of the establishment of the Soos National Natural Monument. The group of Tertiary diatomite deposits situated in the Central Bohemian Upland ceased extraction when the last deposit (Kučlín) was abandoned in 1966 after depletion of reserves. The last group of diatomite deposits is located within the Southern Bohemian basins, where the last productive deposit, Borovany-Ledenice, is situated. Miocene diatomites are extracted by open pit mining there. Production of crude diatomite varied from 0 to 83 kt, with an average of 35 kt, between 1999 and 2018 according to stockpiles. Raw diatomite is classified into two groups according to the chemical-technological properties. Better-quality diatomite (SiO2 ≥ 72%, Al2O3 ≤ 15%, Fe2O3 < 2.4%, bulk density 450 kg/m3, loss on ignition < 8%) is processed for filtration in the food industry (brewery, wine, and raw fruit juices). Material with lower quality is used in combination with bentonite to prepare cat litter products.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu scharakteryzowanie i zinterpretowanie trendów dotyczących zasobów wydobywalnych i geologicznych oraz wydobycia ziemi okrzemkowej w Czechach w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad. Przy ponad 2,4 mln ton łącznych zasobów, 1,6 mln ton zasobów eksploatacyjnych (wydobywalnych) oraz średniej rocznej produkcji wynoszącej 35 tys. ton, ziemia okrzemkowa nie należy do kluczowych minerałów przemysłowych w Republice Czeskiej, która to plasuje się wśród 10 największych europejskich producentów tego surowca. Historyczne złoża ziemi okrzemkowej znajdowały się w obrębie Kotliny Chebskiej, gdzie w 1955 r. zamknięto holoceńskie złoże diatomitu Hájek, czego przyczyną było ustanowienie Narodowego rezerwatu przyrody Soos. Trzeciorzędowe złoża ziemi okrzemkowej Czeskiego Średniogórza zaprzestały wydobycia wraz z opuszczeniem ostatniego złoża (Kučlín) w roku 1966 wskutek wyczerpania zasobów. Ostatnia grupa złóż ziemi okrzemkowej znajduje się na terenie południowych kotlin czeskich, gdzie znajduje się ostatnie eksploatowane złoże Borovany-Ledenice. Mioceńskie diatomity są wydobywane w kopalni odkrywkowej. W latach 1999–2018, produkcja diatomitu wahała się, w zależności od zapasów, od 0 do 83 kt, przy średniej wynoszącej 35 kt. Surowa ziemia okrzemkowa dzieli się na dwie grupy zgodnie z właściwościami chemiczno-technologicznymi. Lepszy jakościowo diatomit (SiO2 ≥ 72%, Al2O3 ≤ 15%, Fe2O3< 2,4%, gęstość nasypowa 450 kg/m3, straty podczas prażenia <8%) jest przetwarzany i używany jako środek filtrujący w przemyśle spożywczym (browarnictwo, produkcja win i surowych soków owocowych). Surowca o niższej jakości używa się w połączeniu z bentonitem w procesie produkcji żwirku dla kotów.
19
Content available Growth performance parameters and selected quality traits of meat and femoral bone of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with amorphous diatomaceous earth
63%
Wiewiora M. , Lukasiewicz M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
|
2017
|
tom 56[1]
EN
Growth performance parameters and selected quality traits of meat and femoral bone of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with amorphous diatomaceous earth. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of the addition of amorphous diatomaceous earth to feed on growth performance parameters and selected quality traits of meat and femoral bone of broiler chickens. The study was conducted with 60 fast-growing Ross 308 broiler chickens, reared until 42 days of age and divided into a control group (C) and two experimental groups (D2 and D4) (20 birds each). The diatomaceous earth (diatomite) was administered to the birds’ feed from the groups D2 - 2%, D4 - 4%. Individual body weight, feed intake and mortality of chickens were controlled. On day 42 of rearing, 6 males were selected from each group for slaughter followed by dissection. Dressing percentage, content of muscles and giblets (gizzard, liver and heart), were calculated, and in samples of breast and leg muscles the chemical and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Resistance of the femoral bone to fractures was determined. The addition of diatomite did not affect the health status of chickens. Significantly higher body weight at 42 days of rearing was noted in the group C vs D4 (P ≤0.05). Significantly higher (P ≤0.01) content of pectoral muscles and lower (P ≤0.05) fat in the carcass of D2 vs C were noted. The addition of diatomaceous earth did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscles. The fat content in leg muscles was significantly reduced (P ≤0.05) and water content was increased (P ≤0.05) in D2 vs C. Femoral bones of D4 birds were significantly more resistant (P ≤0.05) to breaking than in C. Direct relationship between the amount of diatomite and the strength of the femur was found. The most optimal supplementation was considered as 2%.
PL
Wskaźniki odchowu oraz wybrane cechy jakości mięsa i kości udowej kurcząt brojlerów żywionych paszą uzupełnioną amorficzną ziemią okrzemkową. Celem badania była analiza wpływu dodatku amorficznej ziemi okrzemkowej do paszy na wyniki odchowu oraz wybrane cechy jakości mięsa i kości udowej kurcząt brojlerów. Badanie przeprowadzono na 60 szybkorosnących kurczętach Ross 308 utrzymywanych do 42. dnia życia i podzielonych na grupę kontrolną (C) i dwie grupy doświadczalne (D2 i D4), po 20 szt. w każdej. Ziemię okrzemkową (diatomit) podawano z paszą ptakom z grupy D2 - 2%, D4 - 4%. W doświadczeniu kontrolowano masę ciała, spożycie paszy oraz śmiertelność kurcząt. W 42. dniu odchowu z każdej grupy ubito po 6 kogutów i wykonano dysekcję. Obliczono wydajność rzeźną, udział mięśni oraz podrobów jadalnych (żołądka mięśniowego, wątroby oraz serca), a w próbach z mięśni piersiowych i nóg wykonano analizy chemiczne i fizykochemiczne. Określono również wytrzymałość kości udowej na złamanie. Dodatek diatomitu nie wpłynął na status zdrowotny kurcząt. Większą masę ciała w 42. dniu odchowu odnotowano w grupie C vs D4 (P ≤0.05). Stwierdzono większy(P ≤0.01) udział mięśni piersiowych oraz mniejszy (P ≤0.05) udział tłuszczu w tuszce w grupie D2 vs C. Dodatek ziemi okrzemkowej do paszy nie różnicował składu chemicznego mięśni piersiowych. W mięśniach nóg kogutów D2 stwierdzono obniżenie (P ≤0.05) zawartości tłuszczu oraz zwiększenie (P ≤0.05) zawartości wody w porównaniu do grupy C. Kości udowe ptaków z grupy D4 charakteryzowały się większą (P ≤0.05) wytrzymałością na złamanie niż kości kurcząt z grupy C. Stwierdzono wprost proporcjonalną zależność między ilością zastosowanego diatomitu w paszy a wytrzymałością kości udowej. Za najbardziej optymalną uznano suplementację do paszy na poziomie 2%.
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Content available remote Grafit i diatomit jako dodatki do zaczynów uszczelniających otwory w geotermii
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Sapińska-Śliwa A. , Śliwa T. , Wiśniowski R.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2017
|
tom T. 96, nr 8
1723--1725
PL
Przeanalizowano wpływ przewodnictwa cieplnego uszczelnienia na efektywność energetyczną otworów (straty ciepła). Podano przykłady obrazujące zastosowanie dobranych zaczynów uszczelniających oraz ich wpływ na funkcjonowanie ujęcia ciepła Ziemi. Przedstawiono wpływ tanich środków (grafit, diatomit), które umożliwiają regulację przewodności cieplnej stwardniałego zaczynu. Grafit zwiększa przewodność cieplną, a diatomit minimalnie ją zmniejsza. Ze względu na duże ilości zaczynu do uszczelniania otworów, które tworzą podziemne magazyny ciepła, środki regulujące parametry zaczynów nie mogą być drogie.
EN
Plate graphite and diatomite were added to cement grouts used for sealing the boreholes. The addn. of graphite resulted in an increase in the thermal cond. of the grout while the addn. of diatomite resulted in its decrease.
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