Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Uwagi o świadomości językowej Klementyny z Tańskich Hoffmanowej – wyrazy przestarzałe

100%

Kozaryn D.

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nr 69

131-138

PL

The main issue which this article aims to present is the way the sixteenth century text of Mikołaj Rej’s Żywot człowieka poczciwego (The Life of the Honest Man) was interpreted by the nineteenth century author Klementyna Tańska-Hoffmanowa. More precisely, the present author seeks to show just one aspect of this re-reading, i.e. the “indication” of archaic or „obsolete words” by the reader. The analysis of 85 lexemes presented in the article, their descriptions and their collocations that were regarded by Tańska Hoffmanowa as obsolete, has made it possible to prove that the she had fair command of rich lexical resources, knowledge on the aspects of grammatical functioning of the Polish language, that she was interested in the issue and was capable of perceiving transitions in the language in time.

2

Koheletowa "marność" według Marcina Bielskiego na tle wybranych XVI-wiecznych przekładów biblijnych

100%

Kozaryn D.

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tom 39

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nr 2

105-116

EN

"Vanity" in the Ecclesiastes according to Marcin Bielski against the background of selected 16th‑century biblical translations The article concerns a selected aspect of the translation of the Book of Ecclesiastes by Marcin Bielski and included in the Kronika wszytkiego świata (1554) and the Kronika, to jest historyja świata (1564). The meanings were compared with the ways of speaking about vanity in other 16th-century translations of the Book of Ecclesiastes (Hieronim z Wielunia, Biblia Leopolity, Biblia brzeska, Biblia nieświeska, Biblia Jakuba Wujka) and the Vulgate. The conducted analysis showed the lack of a confessional justification for the choice of the lexeme vanity in Bielski’s translation.

3

Мотивационные модели названий интеллектуальных процессов и свойств (на материале восточнославянских языков)

100%

Руденко [Rudenko] Е. E. Н. N.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2019

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tom 54

EN

Motivation Models of the Names of Intellectual Processes and Properties (on the Material of East Slavic Languages)This article offers an analysis of motivation models of the names of intellectual processes, properties and states in East Slavic languages at different stages of their development. Focusing on the Belarusian and Ukrainian material, the study adopts the approach of diachronic cognitive onomasiology, according to which the study of nomination processes helps to understand mechanisms of verbal thought. The analysis revealed source frames of the names of cognitive activity: perception, psycho-emotional sphere, space, movement, physical activity, physical characteristics, social sphere, physiology, speech activity and light. The relative number of nominations formed by a particular model is proportional to the use of the corresponding metaphor in communication. Modern East Slavic languages are very similar in terms of their nomination models of cognitive processes, properties and states. However, differences between modern Belarusian and Ukrainian on the one hand, and the language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the other, are more significant.Modele motywacyjne nazw procesów i właściwości intelektualnych (na materiale języków wschodniosłowiańskich)Artykuł przedstawia analizę modeli motywacyjnych nazw procesów, właściwości i stanów intelektualnych w językach wschodniosłowiańskich na różnych etapach ich rozwoju. Skupiając się na materiale białoruskim i ukraińskim, analiza przyjmuje podejście kognitywnej onomazjologii diachronicznej, zgodnie z którym badanie procesów nominacji pomaga zrozumieć mechanizmy myślenia werbalnego. Analiza wykazała ramy źródłowe nazw aktywności poznawczej: percepcji, sfery psycho-emocjonalnej, przestrzeni, ruchu, aktywności fizycznej, cech fizycznych, sfery społecznej, fizjologii, aktywności mowy i światła. Liczba nominacji utworzonych na bazie określonego modelu jest proporcjonalna do częstotliwości użycia odpowiadającej mu metafory w komunikacji. Współczesne języki wschodniosłowiańskie są bardzo podobne pod względem modeli nominacji procesów, właściwości i stanów poznawczych. Natomiast różnice pomiędzy współczesnym językiem białoruskim i ukraińskim z jednej strony, a językiem Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z drugiej, są bardziej znaczące.

4

Uwagi etymologiczne w dawnych tekstach użytkowych (na przykładzie Kroniki, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego, Informacyi matematycznej Wojciecha Bystrzonowskiego i Nowych Aten Benedykta Chmielowskiego)

100%

Kozaryn D. , Szczaus A.

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nr 2

87-105

EN

The subject of the analysis in the article are the etymological explanations presented in the old non-literary texts (i.e. the texts that function primarily outside literature, serving various practical purposes), i.e. in the sixteenth-century Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the entire world) by Marcin Bielski and in two eighteenth-century encyclopaedic texts: Informacyja matematyczna (Mathematical information) by Wojciech Bystrzonowski and Nowe Ateny (New Athens) by Benedykt Chmielowski. The review of the etymological comments allows us to take notice of their considerable substantive and formal diversity. These comments apply to both native and foreign vocabulary. On the one hand, they provide information on the origin of proper names (toponyms and anthroponyms), and on the other hand, a whole range of these etymological comments concern common names. A depth of etymological comments presented in non-literary texts is significantly diversified and independent of the nature of the vocabulary to which these comments apply – they can be merely tips on sources of borrowings of foreign words, but they can also constitute a deeper analysis of the meaning and structure of individual words, both native and foreign. These comments are usually implementations of folk etymology. The role of etymological considerations in former non-literary texts is significant. First of all, these texts have a ludic function, typical of popularised texts – they are supposed to surprise, intrigue and entertain readers. Secondly, they serve a cognitive function typical of non-literary texts – they are supposed to expand the readers’ knowledge about the world and language. Thirdly, they have a persuasive function, which is a distinctive feature of both popularised and non-literary texts – they are supposed to provoke the readers’ thoughts on the relationship between non-linguistic reality and the linguistic way of its interpretation, they also stimulate linguistic interests, which was particularly important in the past when the reflection on the native language was poor.

5

Arka Przymierza w Kronice, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego

100%

Kozaryn D.

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nr 2

75-85

EN

This article discusses the ways in which the biblical Ark of the Covenant is presented in Marcin Bielski’s Kronika, to jest historyja świata (Chronicle, that is the history of the world). The analyses point to Bielski’s use of a loanword in the form of arka or archa, the word’s translations into skrzynia (chest), and a sequence of both these terms. Bielski’s ignoring of the biblical translations of this term is also emphasised by his choice of determiners for the Ark. A search for the sources that Bielski drew from for the names he used for the Ark of the Covenant in the Vulgate, P. Comestor’s Historia scholastica, the Hebrew Bible, and the known medieval and 16th-century translations of the Bible, allows for concluding that the author felt free and unrestricted in his choices and followed guidelines known to him alone.

6

„Pani gruba i nieletka, gruba także portmonetka” – o dawnych i współczesnych znaczeniach (użyciach) przymiotnika gruby

88%

Pacuła J.

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nr 1

231-254

EN

In the article, the author presents the semantics of the lexeme gruby. He draws attention to the stages and mechanisms of shaping secondary meanings of the word (presenting changes from the Old Polish period to the present day). The analyses are based on the methods commonly adopted in lexical semantics. A special place in the considerations is given to the meaning ‘an obese, overweight person.’ The observations also concern aesthetic evaluation in language (and, partly, ethical evaluation as well), and at the same time the topic is connected with the analysis of the exponents of lexical parameterisation.

7

Particulele afirmative în limba română – perspectivă diacronică și areală

76%

Klimkowski T.

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nr 3

79-102

EN

The present article analyses the Romanian affirmative particles from a diachronic and areal perspective in order to determine their origin. The analysis of a corpus of original literary texts and translations of religious texts as well as dictionaries and grammars from different epochs has resulted in distinguishing in Romanian the following affirmative particles: aşa (since the 16th, and especially the 17th century), ei (in the 16th century), ie (since the second half of the 18th century) and da (since the 19th century). As the last three can be put in the East European areal context, a natural explanation of their origin would be the assumption that they were borrowed respectively from Church Slavonic, German and Slavic. However, also because of the special status of affirmative particles as a part of basic vocabulary of most languages, we propose to apply to them the foothold theory inspired by Abraham’s half-open doors theory (2011). Accordingly, we believe that borrowing the particle ei from Church Slavonic could have used as a foothold the Old Romanian conjunction e (< lat. et) and the ie borrowed from German was superposed on the Romanian verbal form e ‘is’. On the other hand, the Slavic loanword da coincided with the inner semantic evolution of the Romanian forms dară ~ dar ~ da from an adversative conjunction to an affirmative particle.

8

Culture as a distinctive feature of an ethnic group (based on the example of translated handwritten literature of Polish-Lithuanian Tatar)

75%

Kulwicka-Kamińska J.

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tom 4

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nr 2

138-152

EN

The article is focused on Tatar ethnic group. It tries to show on its example, how one can be open on other cultures without losing one’s identity and how to persevere in a different cultural environment. It refers to Tatars’ religious writings as the source helpful in maintaining cultural identity. An example of connection between Tatar translations and European tradition of translation, is used to characterize both permeation of cultures and features which served to build cultural separateness of Tatars living in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

9

Kontakty językowe w świetle Nowych Aten Benedykta Chmielowskiego

75%

Szczaus A.

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2020

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tom 19

325-339

EN

The article analyses remarks on the language contacts contained in an 18th-century encyclopedia Nowe Ateny authored by Benedykt Chmielowski. It has been proven that Chmielowski pointed to: 1. Extralinguistic causes of the language contacts, such as: a) the rank of languages that get into interaction and their position in the world, b) linguistic fashion, c) development of science and technology, d) military conflicts, e) economic contacts, f) migration of people. 2. Intralinguistic causes of interference, such as: a) language insufficiency, b) stylistic value of loan words. 3. Effects of linguistic contacts: a) negative: degradation of some ethnic languages, b) positive: enrichment of the lexical stock of the recipient language.

PL

W artykule poddano analizie uwagi na temat kontaktów językowych zamieszczone w encyklopedii z połowy XVIII wieku, tj. w Nowych Atenach Benedykta Chmielowskiego. Wykazano, że Chmielowski wskazał: 1. Zewnątrzjęzykowe przyczyny kontaktów językowych, takie jak: a) ranga języków wchodzących ze sobą we wzajemne relacje i ich pozycja na świecie, b) moda językowa, c) rozwój nauki i techniki, d) konflikty militarne, e) kontakty gospodarcze, f) migracja ludności. 2. Wewnątrzjęzykowe przyczyny interferencji, takie jak: a) niewystarczalność języka, b) stylistyczna wartość wyrazów zapożyczanych. 3. Efekty kontaktów językowych: a) negatywne: degradacja niektórych języków etnicznych lub ich całkowity zanik, b) pozytywne: bogacenie leksykalnych zasobów języka-biorcy.

10

O czym nie napisał Marcin Bielski, czyli o pewnym rodzaju uwag metatekstowych w Kronice, to jest historyi świata (1564)

63%

Kozaryn D.

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nr 15

145-153

EN

The article discusses a selected group of metatextual comments made in the 3rd edition of Marcin Bielski’s Kronika published in 1564. The analysis focuses on those referring to the contents of his Chronicle, i.e. the comments informing about what Bielski has already written and where he has written it, what he is about to mention, what and for what reason has been omitted or added by the author when compared to his sources, and what he has only treated superficially. A review of the variety of the linguistic methods used for constructing these metatextual comments allows for disclosing the possible motivations behind the writer’s choices: his wish to direct the reading process and to lead the reader into assuming that the presented content is credible and accurate, combined with an educational and moralistic drive.

11

Profesor Tadeusz Szymański jako badacz leksyki prasłowiańskiej

63%

Ostrowski B.

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nr 18

261-279

EN

The preliminary part of the study presents a scientific profile of Professor Tadeusz Szymański in the initial (over twenty years) period of his research activity at the Institute of Slavic Studies (Slavistics) of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the article the particular attention was paid to the participation and researcher’s contribution to the Proto‑Slavic lexicon which is archival these days. The initial versions of the PSL vocabulary words *medvědь, *mešьka (*mečьka) and *mekati developed by Tadeusz Szymański became the starting point to present them in a broader research perspective (not only etymological, but also ethno‑ and geolinguistics), more than 50 years after being developed. It is worth emphasizing that, despite the significant progress on the work on PSL lexicology, these unique dictionary materials can still serve as a starting point for further detailed research and verification of existing findings.

12

"Buchnąć z futrówy", "odpypić z ponsy", czyli o słownictwie dotyczącym ściągania w gwarze uczniowskiej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

63%

Pacuła J.

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nr 2

213-224

EN

The article presents the history of the student jargon. The author describes the vocabulary used in the period: second-half the 19th century – first half the 20th century; the lexis belongs to the thematic category „cheating”. In the text the reader gets to know theses: 1) the lexis discussed is the root cause of one of the most extensive lexical-semantic categories of the student jargon in the post-partition period (after the period of the Partitions of Poland); 2) in former student language a shared store of the vocabulary exists – this group is independent of the administrative dependence of schools; 3) we notice much former vocabulary in the contemporary jargon; 4) we will notice jargon words in the general Polish in the 19th century; 7) we can see the participation of criminal jargon from the 19th century.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia historię żargonu studenckiego. Autor opisuje słownictwo używane w okresie: II poł. XIX w. – I poł. XX w. Leksyka należy do kategorii tematycznej „oszustwo”. W tekście czytelnik zapoznaje się z tezami: 1) omawiana leksyka jest źródłem jednej z najobszerniejszych kategorii leksykalno-semantycznych żargonu studenckiego w okresie porozbiorowym (po okresie rozbiorów); 2) w dawnym języku ucznia istnieje wspólny zasób słownictwa – grupa ta jest niezależna od administracyjnej zależności szkół; 3) we współczesnym żargonie zauważamy dużo dawnego słownictwa; 4) w XIX w. zauważamy obecność wyrazów żargonowych w polszczyźnie ogólnej; 7) w XX-wiecznym żargonie studenckim daje się zaobserwować udział żargonu kryminalnego z XIX wieku.

13

Z historii socjolektu szkolnego – słownictwo dotyczące karania uczniów

63%

Pacuła J.

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tom 39

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nr 2

231-248

EN

From the history of school sociolect – lexis from the category of „punishing students” The author describes in this article the history of the student sociolect. The subject of the description is the vocabulary of students from the period: from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The vocabulary relates to the thematic category of „punishing students”. This category includes a vocabulary relating to the use by teachers of methods and forms of rebuking students’ attitudes and behavior, forcing students to submit in not always standardized situations. The sources include texts by Ignacy Wolanowski, Henryk Ułaszyn, Henryk Łopaciński, Józef Magiera, Edward Klich, Piotr Ciuła and Włodzimierz Czarnecki. There are sixteen dictionary units in the publications. Most of the lexis are words attested by texts describing the student dialect of the second half of the 19th century.

14

Prezerwatywa, kondom, gumka – o nazwach pewnego środka antykoncepcyjnego i ochronnego w historii polszczyzny

63%

Pacuła J. G.

Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium

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2017

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tom 2

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nr 2

EN

In this article the author discusses different names for ‘condom’ used in the Polish language. The analysis is carried out with the use of methods characteristic of the study of language history. The author presents the development of rich nomenclature synonymy providing the lexical examples from various registers (varieties) of language. The text presents textual ex-amples from the 15th century onwards. The author discusses the etymology of particular words and emphasizes the historical contexts in which words and meanings were borrowed from foreign languages.

PL

W artykule omówiono funkcjonujące w polszczyźnie nazwy prezerwatywy. Oglądowi towarzyszy perspektywa historycznojęzykowa. Autor przedstawia proces kształtowania się bogatej synonimii nazewniczej, sięgając do leksyki należącej do różnych rejestrów (odmian) języka. W tekście przywołano ilustrakcje tekstowe z XV wieku i stuleci późniejszych. Artykuł zawiera uwagi związane z etymologią poszczególnych określeń; uwydatnia momenty zapożyczania poszczególnych form i znaczeń z języków obcych.

15

Nieuświadamiane archaizmy w polskich związkach frazeologicznych

63%

Piela A.

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nr 1(15)

59-71

EN

The fact that a language is a strongly conservative creation, lingering behind the extra-linguistic reality, is clearly visible from the still-existing phraseological units containing an archaic word. However, not all the phraseological units with an archaic lexeme are contemporarily treated as units containing an old, fossilized word. We notice that, according to some language users, some of the above-mentioned units seem to have been quite recent creations of Polish language, e.g.: mówić, powiedzieć itp. coś bez ogródek; być, pojawić się, znaleźć się na tapecie; bez pardonu; czyjaś noga nie postanie, nie postała gdzieś; mówić, odpowiadać, pytać z przekąsem; nie dziwota; wziąć, brać kogoś na spytki; świątek (i) piątek. There are a few reasons why these archaic components take on an „un-archaic” character in the given phraseological units such as: motivational transitions, the placement of isolated language units within word formation nests, the process of identifying them with a newly-created word formations. Through such mechanisms the boundary between what is obsolate and contemporary within a language is becoming very vague. This is the way how history melts with the present time.

16

Early Mandarin Profanity and Its Middle Mongolian Reflection in the Vocabulary of the Wu Bei Zhi 武備志

54%

Apatóczky Á. B.

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nr 2

17

Pochodzenie litewskiego afiksu duratywnego teb(e)-

51%

Ostrowski N.

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tom 12

205-210

EN

.

18

Próba klasyfikacji zmian paragogicznych w językach romańskich

44%

Sorbet P. , Curie-Skłodowskiej U. M. , Piotr Sorbet. Pracuje przy Zakładzie Studiów Hispanistycznych UMCS. W roku 2014 uzyskał tytuł doktora nauk humanistycznych w dyscyplinie językoznawstwo s. j. r. n. p. p. p. L. g. e. e. e. d. A. G. w. a. o. j. h. Z. n. j. d. i. k. , lepierre@o2.pl

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2015

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tom 4

EN

The aim of this article is to present the processes which led to the fact that many words in Romance languages, when compared to their etymons, have suffered changes over time which on one hand consist, in the disappearance of some sounds, and on the other hand, in the appearance of new sounds. Then the phenomenon of paragoge is illustrated with different neo-Latin languages. The analyzed forms come from several languages such as: Asturian, Catalan, French, Galician, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Sardinian and Spanish. At the end we tried to propose a classification of paragogical changes based on the previously exposed examples.

FR

Dans cette brève étude nous nous proposons d’exposer les processus qui ont comme conséquences que divers mots dans les langues romanes, en les comparant avec leurs étymons, ont souffert au fil du temps de transformations qui consistent, d’un côté, dans la disparition de sons, et de l’autre côté, dans l’apparition de sons. Ensuite nous nous penchons sur le phénomène de la paragoge en l’illustrant avec divers idiomes néo-latins. Les formes des mots soumises aux observations sont comparées dans plusieurs langues telles que l’asturien, le catalan, l’espagnol, le français, le galicien, l’italien, l’occitan, le portugais, le roumain et le sarde. À la fin nous essayons d’offrir une classification de la paragoge en puisant dans les exemples antérieurement exposés.