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Obrazek religijny w misji ewangelizacyjnej Kościoła

100%

Leszczyński M.

nr 21

279-283

Among many objects belonging to the religious art there are not only great and significant works but also those which can get to almost everyone thanks to their availability. Religious images are included in this category. The history of creating small devotional representations dates back to 13th century, and the oldest documented example of holy pictures comes from 1423. From the very beginning the main topic of religious images was Christian iconography, which was supposed to present truths of faith to the faithful ones and encourage them to be more devout. Throughout the centuries techniques of creating images as well as materials from which they were made changed. Nevertheless, although years have passed, devotional representations in this form are still very popular, but due to automated production of a religious image, its artistic value decreased. Still, they become a collectible as well as fulfill an important evangelization mission.

Characteristics of microstructure and phase in art castings

100%

Dudek A. , Bałaga Z.

tom Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.

71--74

Low melting alloys were long known in ancient times. Renaissance and medieval founders, tin founders and craftsmen have used them since 16th century. Low melting alloys means alloys whose melting point is within the rangę of 60-305°C. Main components of these alloys include: lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, tin, zinc [1-15]. The purpose of the investigations was to provide analysis of chemical composition, structure and phase in alloys being both domestic and imported products which are currently in devotional articles market (arts components). The investigations encompassed: chemical composition tests using JOEL JSM 5400 scanning microscope which was coupled with microanalyser, phase composition analysis by means of X-ray Seifert 3003 T-T diffractometer as well as microstructure tests with optical Neophot microscope. In consideration of decorative aspects, an advantage of imported casts over the domestic ones has been observed, however, the fact of the material they are made of is disputable. Domestic casts with worse decorative quality were made of popular Zn-Al alloy while presence of iron proves non-fulfilment of procedures connected with casting.

Dewocjonalia w mieszczańskich inwentarzach pośmiertnych z terenu Małopolski (XVI–XVIII wiek)

84%

Justyniarska-Chojak K.

nr 1

62-75

In posthumous inventories, which constitute a kind of material summary of life, one can find various kinds of movables, arranged according to specific categories. Among them there were also devotional items, which, however, constitute a part of the legacy that escapes easy classification. Some of them may have been used as elements of interior decoration (paintings, sculptures, crucifixes). On the other hand, religious symbols in the form of crosses, Agnus Deis or rosaries, indicated certain spiritual needs of their wearers and at the same time testified to their wealth. Despite the fact that the number of posthumous inventories containing devotional items was not particularly impressive, even in such a modest juxtaposition we can see which artefacts enjoyed greater popularity during the analysed centuries. Most frequently mentioned were crosses and rosaries, and in the 17th century, additionally, Agnus Deis.

W inwentarzach pośmiertnych, stanowiących pewnego rodzaju materialne podsumowanie życia, odnaleźć można różnego rodzaju ruchomości, uporządkowane według określonych kategorii. Wśród nich znajdowały się również dewocjonalia, stanowiące jednak część spuścizny umykającą łatwym klasyfikacjom. Niektóre z nich mogły stanowić element wyposażenia wnętrz (obrazy, rzeźby, krucyfiksy). Natomiast symbole religijne w postaci krzyżyków, agnusków czy różańców, wskazywały na pewne potrzeby natury duchowej noszących je osób, a jednocześnie świadczyły o ich zamożności. Mimo, że liczba inwentarzy pośmiertnych, w których notowano dewocjonalia nie była szczególnie imponująca, to nawet w tak skromnym zestawieniu widać, jakie artefakty na przestrzeni analizowanych stuleci, cieszyły się większą popularnością. Najczęściej wymieniano bowiem krzyżyki i różańce, a w XVII wieku dodatkowo agnuski.