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Effect of feeding ensiled maize grain on rumen development and calf rearing performance

100%

Sosin-Bzducha E. , Strzetelski J. , Borowiec F. , Kowalczyk J. , Okon K.

nr 2

195-210

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of replacing barley grain or dry maize (50% by weight) in feed mixtures for calves with ensiled high-moisture maize grain on ruminal and postruminal digestibility of starch, rumen development parameters and rearing performance of calves. The experiment was carried out with 40 bull calves aged between 10 ± 3 and 90 days divided into 4 groups of 10 animals per group. The main source of dietary starch was barley in the control group (B), dry maize grain in group MD, 50% barley and 50% ensiled maize grain in group BMS, and 50% dry maize grain and 50% ensiled maize grain in group MDMS. The results obtained show that rolled ensiled maize grain can be successfully used in diets for calves reared from 10 to 90 days of age to replace (50% by weight) dry rolled barley or maize grain. However, slightly better production results were obtained when feeding a barley and ensiled maize grain diet, which is probably due to the better intestinal digestibility of protein and starch, as shown by higher intestinal digestibility coefficients of protein and starch as well as lower faecal starch losses. The addition of ensiled maize grain to the diets did not cause significant changes in rumen fermentation, although there was a slight increase in total VFA concentration and proportion of butyric acid, a reduction in pH of rumen fluid, and calves tended to have higher serum β-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations at 10 and 12 weeks of age. The replacement of dry grains with ensiled maize grain in the diets for calves did not have an unambiguously favourable effect on rumen papillae development while improving wall thickness of the ventral ruminal sac.

The influence of varying level of wheat proteinaceous inhibitors in wheat-based artificial feed on development parameters of selected stored product insects

75%

Warchalewski J. R. , Gralik J. , Winiecki Z. , Nawrot J. , Piasecka-Kwiatkowska D.

nr 3

The artificially made kernels from ground wheat grain, commercial wheat starch and wheat proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors in different proportions were used as feed for adults of the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.). In the case of larvae of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum Duv.) and the Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella Zell.) the friable feed mixture were used. The survival of S. granarius adults has not been correlated with the soluble proteins extracted from wheat and amylolytic activity located in this protein fraction. On the other hand the weight of dust (the index of feeding intensity) produced during feeding has depended on the presence of α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors in wheat-based feed. A. kuehniella larvae have not developed at all on feed consisted of 50% wheat starch and 50% of crude a-amylase inhibitors from wheat. The same feed has caused 15.1 days of extension in development time of T. confusum larvae. lt attests to specific native enzymatic apparatus existing in alimentary canals of three damaging grain species which can overcome some obstacles even if extremely highly active insect α-amylase inhibitors were present in feed. However, the sufficient nutrient should be available in feed compounds. Nevertheless, some reduction of insects population can be expected.

Sztuczne ziarna zrobione z handlowej skrobii pszennej i białkowych inhibitorów α-amylaz wymieszanych w różnych proporcjach oraz czyste ziarno pszenicy stanowiły pokarm wołka zbożowego (Sitophilus granaris L.). Dla larw trojszyka ulca (Trbolium confusum Duv.) i mklika mącznego (Anagasta kuchniella Zell.) te same produkty podawano w postaci sypkiej. Procent przeżywalności chrząszczy wołka zbożowego nie zależał od zawartości białka rozpuszczalnego ani od aktywności amylolitycznej pokarmu. Z drugiej strony ilość pyłu wytworzonego w czasie żerowania (wskaźnik intensywności żerowania) zależał od obecności inhibitorów α-amylazy i trypsyny. Larwy mklika mącznego nie kończyły rozwoju na pokarmie zawierającym 50% skrobii pszennej i 50 inhibitorów α-amylazy. Ten sam pokarm powodował przedłużenie rozwoju larw trojszyka ulca o 15,1 dnia. To świadczy o istnieniu wrodzonego, specyficznego aparatu enzymatycznego w przewodzie pokarmowym testowanych owadów, który może pokonać nawet ekstremalnie wysoką aktywność inhibitorów α-amylazy obecnych w pokarmie. Efektem działania inhibitorów może być tylko redukcja liczebności populacji.