Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Rola składników niemieckich formacji słowotwórczych w konstruowaniu i interpretowaniu wiedzy o rzeczywistości pozajęzykowej

100%

Stopyra J.

Język a Kultura

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2015

|

tom 25

305-313

EN

The article deals with the problem of linguistic determinism and relativism. The author attempts to proof the existence of a relationship between the structure of a word and the extralinguistic reality and thus to contribute to the discussion on the problem.

2

Zarys problematyki determinizmu i indeterminizmu w muzyce drugiej połowy XX wieku w kontekście przemian myśli naukowej i filozoficznej1

100%

Dąbek K.

Kwartalnik Młodych Muzykologów UJ

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2019

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nr 3(42)

77-98

EN

In the second half of the 20th century, integral serialism and rational way of thinking were considered as an indicate of determinism in music. At the same time, indeterminism was associated with the music composed with the use of chance operations, classified like that by Henri Pousseur in his reading entitled Theorie und Praxis in der neusten Musik, delivered in Darmstadt in 1958. However, certain music pieces show that the demarcation between determinism and indeterminism in music remainsunclear. The author attempts to outline the problem of determinism and indeterminism in avant-garde music of the second half of the 20th century, taking into consideration selected crucial compositions and the context of development in science and philosophy of that time.

3

Problém svobodné vůle a logika kontrafaktuálních výroků

100%

Punčochář V.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 4

607-631

EN

The subject of this article is the traditional problem of free-will. In particular, I address the question of the compatibility of free-will and determinism. I formulate and defend a certain version of Compatibilism (the thesis that free-will is compatible with determinism), which is founded on Moore’s conditional analysis of the problem. I endeavour to elucidate this analysis by means of the modern logic of counter-factual sentences.

4

Indeterministic Temporal Logic

100%

Trzęsicki K.

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nr 1

139-162

EN

The questions od determinism, causality, and freedom have been the main philosophical problems debated since the beginning of temporal logic. The issue of the logical value of sentences about the future was stated by Aristotle in the famous tomorrow sea-battle passage. The question has inspired Łukasiewicz’s idea of many-valued logics and was a motive of A. N. Prior’s considerations about the logic of tenses. In the scheme of temporal logic there are different solutions to the problem. In the paper we consider indeterministic temporal logic based on the idea of temporal worlds and the relation of accessibility between them.

5

Simple Gene Assembly Is Deterministic

100%

Langille M. , Petre I.

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2006

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tom Vol. 73, nr 1-2

179-190

EN

We investigate in this paper a simple intramolecular model for gene assembly in ciliates. Unlike the general intramolecular model, the folds that a micronuclear chromosome may form to assemble the genes is very restricted (minimal) here: between any two pointers there may be at most one coding block. It has been known that the general model is universal, being able to assemble any gene pattern (to sort any signed permutation). The simple model on the other hand is not universal: there exist signed permutations that cannot be sorted in this model. Remarkably though, all known micronuclear gene patterns in ciliates can indeed be assembled in the simple model. We prove in this paper that while the general model is non-deterministic, the simple model is ``weakly deterministic'': any gene pattern either has only successful or only unsuccessful sorting strategies. Moreover, although different strategies may lead to different permutations for the same input, these final results have the same structure.

6

Probabilistic kingdom: problem of objectivity in contemporary science

89%

Pruski P.

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nr 2

317-327

PL

In modern science, the theory of probability is one of the basic tools. Scientists using probability often refer to its objective interpretation. They emphasize that their probabilistic hypotheses concern objective facts, not degrees of belief. Accordingly, the following questions arise: What is the meaning of this type of probabilistic hypothesis? Is the assumption of objectivity necessary? The paper addresses these questions by analyzing objective probability in the context of the scientific debate on determinism. Two types of arguments will be presented. On the one hand, there is the assertion that objective probability can exist only in an indeterministic world. Then, on the other hand - I analyze the assertions of those who believe in the co‑existence of objective probability and determinism. As a result I show that the acceptance of deterministic and indeterministic fields as possible areas where objective probability can occur is extremely problematic. Depending on the chosen area we encounter different types of problems. Therefore, I show that a significant number of these problems are associated with the acceptance of incorrect metaphysical assumptions. And finally, I postulate that the objectivity of probability (and assumptions pertaining to it) can be reduced (without any losses) to the epistemic variant.

7

The Role of Spirituality and Belief in Free Will in the Perception of Self-efficacy Among Young Adults

88%

Charzyńska E. , Wysocka E.

The New Educational Review

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2014

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tom 36

194-205

EN

The primary goal of the study was to examine the relationships between spirituality, belief in free will and perceived self-efficacy among young adults. In order to develop the preliminary adaptation of the FAD-Plus questionnaire, used for measuring the lay beliefs in free will and three related constructs, Study 1 was carried out among 485 young adults. The tool had satisfactory psychometric properties. Study 2, in which 340 students participated, verified the role of believing in free will as a potential mediator between spirituality and perceived self-efficacy. In the case of male students, total mediation was found, and in the case of female students, partial mediation was noted. The studies indicate the need to put greater emphasis on the spiritual sphere and the sense of free will in the education provided for young adults.

8

Ludwik Silberstein o przyczynowości w przyrodzie

88%

Flin P. , Stępień A.

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nr 49

138-148

PL

In this paper we present the opinions of Ludwik Silberstein (1872-1948) on the question of causality in the scientiﬁc investigations. The discussion is based on the examples taken from physics and astronomy. Silberstein is convinced that the principle of causality is an important heuristic law, a diﬀerent kind of law of nature (as, for example, Kepler’s laws or Ohm’s law).

9

Determinizm czy wolność w ujęciu Roberta Spaemanna

88%

Kożuchowski J.

|

tom 15

393-403

EN

From the article we learn how timely and significant are the deliberations, especially on the freedom of human will, of one of the most prominent living German philosophers R. Spaemann. He presents his attitude in the dispute with the representatives of modern materialistic determinism, brain scientists and neurophilosophers. For these intelectuals our decisive acts are nothing more than states of the brain. These acts may come to life by the power of neural processes, not by the power of reasons (motives) initiated by us, as Spaemann convincingly shows. From the main and largest part of the article we learn why thedeterministic vision is not acceptable. Now it leads itself to absurd because of contradictions and mistakes in its assumptions (petitio principii, regressus ad infinitum) and (openly declared) proclaimed dogmatism. Moreover, it is contrary to experience, facts, practice of life, commonly accepted opinions on freedom. The famous Dennett’s experiment, which was supposed to give an argument against the classic thesis on our free will, in reality did not showany connection with our decisive acts.

10

Deterministic and Unambiguous Families within Recognizable Two-dimensional Languages

88%

Anselmo M. , Giammarresi D. , Madonia M.

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2010

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tom Vol. 98, nr 2/3

143-166

EN

Recognizable two-dimensional languages (REC) are defined by tiling systems that generalize to two dimensions non-deterministic finite automata for strings. We introduce the notion of deterministic tiling system and the corresponding family of languages (DREC) and study its structural and closure properties. Furthermore we show that, in contrast with the one-dimensional case, there exist other classes between deterministic and non-deterministic families that we separate by means of examples and decidability properties.

11

On State-Synchronized Automata Systems

88%

Meduna A. , Kučera J.

Schedae Informaticae

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2015

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tom Vol. 24

221--237

EN

In this paper, we introduce a new kind of automata systems, called state-synchronized automata systems of degree n. In general, they consists of n pushdown automata, referred to as their components. These systems can perform a computation step provided that the concatenation of the current states of all their components belongs to a prescribed control language. As its main result, the paper demonstrates that these systems characterize the family of recursively enumerable languages. In fact, this characterization is demostrated in both deterministic and nondeterministic versions of these systems. Restricting their components, these systems provides less computational power.

12

The Free Will and Determinism Plus (FAD–Plus) scale: The validity and reliability of the Polish adaptation

88%

Kondratowicz-Nowak B. , Duda J. , Wierzbicki J. , Zawadzka A. M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2018

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tom 21

|

nr 4

345-364

EN

The article presents an analysis of the validity and reliability of the FAD-Plus scale by D. L. Paulhus and J. M. Carey, which is used to measure beliefs in free will, determinism, and the unpredictability of events. The results of three studies are presented. Based on the results of the first study, it was found that the tool has a consistent structure and that its 3-factor 16-item version is reliable. The second study revealed positive correlations between determinism and religious fundamentalism and belief in an unjust world as well as a positive correlation between belief in unpredictability and belief in an unjust world. The correlations of belief in free will with authoritarianism, belief in an unjust world, and religious fundamentalism were not significant. The third study revealed a positive correlation between belief in free will and positive emotions, a negative correlation between belief in determinism and positive emotions, and negative correlations of belief in determinism and belief in unpredictability with life satisfaction. The analysis of the FAD-Plus scale for the Polish sample proves that the 3-factor scale (the 16-item version) consisting of subscales measuring beliefs in free will, determinism, and unpredictability, is a parametrically satisfactory tool.

13

Quantum Meta-physics: Nonlocality and Limits of Determinism

88%

Wesół B.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2023

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tom 7

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nr 4

14-25

EN

This essay aims to show that the recent development of quantum theory may provide us with an answer to one of the most compelling metaphysical problems, namely the problem of determinism. First, I sketch the conceptual background and draw the distinction between metaphysical and epistemological determinisms. Then, on the ground of the analysis of the problem of determinism in quantum mechanics, I argue that (1) metaphysical determinism is independent of quantum-mechanical formalism, and (2) that quantum nonlocality makes epistemological determinism impossible. I also try to show that metaphysical determinism should be regarded as a Kantian regulative idea which sets the horizon for scientific inquiry but which at the same time lacks what Kant calls “objective validity.” The main conclusion is that metaphysical determinism should be regarded as an idealization – a formal, cognitive principle that we a priori assume and not something that we discover through scientific inquiry.

14

Odpowiedzialność karna a determinizm antropologiczny

87%

Peno M.

Archiwum Kryminologii

|

2014

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nr XXXVI

109-132

EN

Much has been written recently about the problem of justifying punishment in the context of anthropological determinism and incompatibilism. However, the problem of the relationship between determinism, on the one hand, and the theory of punishment, on the other, is multi-dimensional. This article focuses on criminal responsibility in a world of determinism. It is mostly an attempt to review the basic concepts and issues in the philosophy of responsibility and compare them with the concepts and issues of the criminal law as broadly defined. The starting point is the observation that if the thesis of determinism is true and it is not possible to reconcile determinism with human freedom, then it will be particularly difficult to justify punishment. Prima facie, this applies to retributionism, although a more thorough analysis leads to the conclusion that various utilitarian approaches will also have to be significantly modified to allow for determinism. Punishment can obviously implement certain goals and be useful in some way without necessarily being just (it can even be cruel and/or immoral). Punishment may be formally fair (like revenge) and constitute “an eye for an eye.” However, if people do not have free will, then they are not responsible for their misdeeds. This is problematic as they do not deserve revenge and their behaviour does not merit condemnation. However, it is possible to apply different measures which are closer to the sui generis of preventive measures. This paper attempts to demonstrate that there is a link between criminal punishment and moral responsibility. This follows from the fact that punishment is marked by moral condemnation and only a morally responsible person can be condemned. Excluding moral responsibility therefore makes it impossible to condemn a perpetrator. The distinguishing feature of, and (indirectly) the moral justification for, criminal punishment are thereby eliminated. In particular, from a retributionist viewpoint, punishment can only be justified if the wrongdoer is morally responsible for his/her actions (in the sense that he/she can be accused of having upset the moral order). If the perpetrator is not morally responsible, it is difficult to morally justify the legitimacy and practice of punishment. Furthermore, the premise about moral responsibility is a prerequisite for justifying punishment in any case involving the notion of guilt. A lack of moral responsibility in a world ruled by determinism does not necessarily mean that people should not be punished for wrongdoing. Nor does it mean that there are no arguments in favour of maintaining the practice of punishment. The basic question is what views – empirical or emotional – should be given priority in the science of criminal law. The answer lies in the demand for minimalism in the criminal law and for a reflective analysis of the foundations of criminal responsibility.

15

Koszty alternatywne w szacowaniu wartości decyzji – demagogia sieci

75%

Kowalska-Napora E.

Logistyka

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2017

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tom nr 4

58--60

PL

Artykuł wpisuje się w nurt badań, których celem jest znalezienie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istnieje możliwość przewidzenia przyszłej wartości decyzji, opcji wyboru, kosztów alternatywnych. Wyniki badań przedstawione w artykule mogą mieć znaczenie poznawcze i aplikacyjne w teorii decyzji.

EN

This paper becomes a part of wider discussion on efficiency of value decision, level of oportunity cost. Those results complement the discussion abom the sources of this decision anomaly and ability to make a practical use of those project. The literature review covers price momentum, persistence of performance, and effictient strategic hypothesis. The conclusions consist of summary, the possible explanation for results and ideas for theory of decision.

16

Can Causal Chains Extend Back Infinitely? Entailment, Determinism, and a Cosmological Argument

75%

Dumsday T.

Forum Philosophicum

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2014

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tom 19

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nr 2

193–208

EN

I develop a new argument to the effect that past causal chains cannot extend back infinitely, but must instead terminate in a first uncaused cause (or causes). It has the advantage of sidestepping a historically prominent objection to cosmological arguments of this general type, one leveled by Aquinas and various other Scholastics.

17

On Co-evolution

75%

Rensenbrink J.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

|

nr 4

21-24

EN

The theory and practice of co-evolution offers a way forward for humanity that goes well beyond the deterministic confines of an outmoded mechanistic science that still inhabits much academic thought and research; and also goes well beyond post-deterministic efforts to exempt the human mind and will from its presumed inexorable embeddedness in the mechanistically perceived life and motions of the body. Co-evolution rejects both and goes to the root of the matter regarding nature. It decisively affirms the post-mechanistic understandings of nature by quantum physics, feminist critique of patriarchy, and ecological philosophy. Co-evolution affirms that nature’s relational and animated being situates the human being and all individual human beings in an interactive mode. From this, dialogue is a natural, instead of a contrived, out-growth and fulfillment of the human project. The way then is clear for humanity to co-evolve interdependently with natural forces for mutual benefit.

18

Determinizm Laplace'a w świetle teorii fizycznych mechaniki klasycznej

75%

Koleżyński A.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2007

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nr 40

59-75

PL

There has been a long-standing debate in philosophical literature about the relationship of predictability and determinism. Some philosophers have claimed that determinism implies predictability; some have claimed the opposite and the others that there are no direct implication relations between these two concepts. According to the above, there are various notions of determinism and predictability at work in the philosophical literature. In contrast, in scientific tradition, the belief that any deterministic system is predictable has long history and is based on the power of the intuitions lying behind the concept of physical determinism, confirmed by many experiments. In this essay, the author focuses on the Laplacean vision for determinism and predictability (or more precisely on what he takes to be such a vision). While many forms of predictability are inconsistent with this vision, he argues that a suitably modified notion of predictability, defined within a framework of model notion of physical determinism, is implied by the Laplacean concept of determinism and, after some modifications, by other modern theories in physics, chemistry and related sciences. It is also argued, that such modified concept of predictability is consistent with common practice of scientists, and any attempt to find out whether a given scientific theory is deterministic, should be accompanied by careful analysis and appropriate modification of constituent elements of modern notion of determinism.

19

The ontology of destiny and freedom among the Igbo-African: a discourse in existential metaphysics

75%

Ukwamedua N. U. , Omokpo V.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2016

|

tom 28/2

272-286

EN

From an existential and metaphysical standpoint, the African world is dualised into the physical and metaphysical world. This is bald-faced in the dynamics of the relationship that characterizes the African worldview. In praxis, the metaphysical world is seen to be higher in the scheme of things because, it is from it that the impersonal beings/forces operate and superintend on the physical world of man. It is based on this that the twin issue of destiny and freedom is topical and recurrent in Igbo-African metaphysics. The concern is whether man can be free in the physical world, which seems to be a manifestation of the will/wishes and/or the whims and caprices of the beings/forces in the metaphysical world. It is consequent upon this that this paper undertook an existential analysis of these contending issues of freedom and destiny within the Igbo-African context. From the analysis, it was palpable that, though there can be manipulations from the metaphysical world which can bring about luck (good or ill), the Igbo-African is expected to make effort to excel and work responsibly with his chi; because, a man can have a good or bad luck but his/her practical effort is still expedient.

20

Refleksja historiozoficzna Johanna Gottfrieda Herdera - wybrane zagadnienia

75%

Chyziński A.

|

nr 3(3)

77-87

EN

“The reflections of Johann Gottfried Herder about philosophy of history - selected issues” is a synopsis of Herder’s philosophy of history. It is also an analysis and critique of this thought. The main notions of Herder’s thought such as the idea of progress and the idea of humanity have been analysed and criticised. This article shows the connections between Herder’s philosophy and the philosophies of other thinkers especially Hegel’s thought. The feature is also an attempt to critique the most important ideas of the philosophy of history.