Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Monte Carlo method for reliability of parallel system with dependent failures of component

100%

Grabski F.

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2016

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tom Vol. 7, No. 1

67--72

EN

A problem of parallel system reliability with dependent failures of components is presented in the paper. It is assumed that lifetimes of components are independent random variable having Weibull distribution. We take under consideration a parallel (in reliability meaning) system consisting of n independent at the beginning of work and identical components. We assume that a load of the working system affects on the reliability of its components and the load of the system is distributed on all working components. Therefore, a failure rate of each component is changeable during run of the system and depends on a number of working elements at this point in time. As a model of the system failures we construct a stochastic process which value at the moment t denotes the number of working components. Generally it is neither Markov nor semi-Markov process. To assess the reliability characteristics of the system we simulate this stochastic process using the Monte-Carlo method and we calculate values of nonparametric kernel density and reliability functions estimators.

2

Zabezpieczenie społeczne nieformalnych opiekunów osób niesamodzielnych. Rozwiązania polskie na tle wybranych systemów zagranicznych

100%

Lach D. E.

Forum Prawnicze

|

2018

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nr 5 (49)

3–18

EN

The subject of this study is to present the problems concerning the social security of the informal carers of the dependent persons. Author discuss the solutions ad- opted in Germany and Austria, as a basis for the analysis of the polish regulations, formulating postulates of their transformation to better meet the demographi- cally conditioned social needs.

3

Czynniki uwzględniane przez lekarza orzecznika ZUS przy orzekaniu o niezdolności do samodzielnej egzystencji

100%

Dzienisiuk D.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2020

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nr 3(67)

265-272

EN

In the author’s opinion, when taking the decision the examining physician should take into account the general criteria indicated in the definition, i.e., “a violation of the body’s efficiency to the extent that it requires constant or long-term care and help of another person in satisfying basic life needs”. Decision criteria are not specified by other provisions. Determining the occurrence of incapacity for independent existence is made in specific cases by certifying doctors or medical boards of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) or by courts examining appeals against ZUS decisions.

4

Modelling Safety of Multistate Systems with Dependent Components and Subsystems

100%

Blokus-Roszkowska A. , Kołowrocki K.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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2017

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tom Vol. 8, No. 3

23--42

EN

This report focuses on the safety analysis in the multistate ageing system after changing the safety state by any of its components, the inside interactions among the remaining components may cause the change of those components’ safety states. As we consider multistate systems, in a local, equal and mixed load sharing model of dependencies. For them, we analyze the safety of a multistate parallel-series and “m out of l”-series system, assuming that the lifetimes of subsystem components in the safety state subset are decreasing according to the local load sharing rule and the lifetimes of subsystems are decreasing according to the equal load sharing rule.

5

Źródła władzy i kierunki zależności w relacjach sieciowych przedsiębiorstwa

89%

Herbeć M.

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tom 37

|

nr 4

75-82

EN

The aim of the article is to indicate directions of dependence within the relationships between company and its clients and suppliers based on the sources of power in different relationships. Details about the specificity of functioning of the analyzed name were collected in the course of eight interviews conducted with owners of the furniture enterprise and with their suppliers. In the result of research such sources of the power as the volume of trade, the promptness, costs and the quality of supplies, obliging arising from agreements, the availability of substitutes of produced products, the access to alternative raw materials, investments and possibilities of changing and costs associated with it have been identified.

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie kierunków zależności w relacjach przedsiębiorstwa z klientami i dostawcami, w oparciu o źródła władzy w poszczególnych relacjach. Dane o specyfice funkcjonowania analizowanej firmy zostały zebrane w trakcie ośmiu wywiadów po-głębionych, przeprowadzonych z właścicielami przedsiębiorstwa meblarskiego oraz ich dostawcami. W rezultacie badań zidentyfikowano takie źródła władzy, jak wielkość sprzedaży, terminowość, koszty i jakość dostaw, zobowiązania wynikające z umów, dostępność substytutów produkowanych wyrobów, dostęp do alternatywnych surowców, inwestycje oraz możliwości dokonania zmian i koszty z tym związane.

6

From Developing Economy to International Monopoly (Dependency) and Unequal Exchange: Historicizing Economic Woes of the Nigerian Region since Colonial Period

88%

Osewe Akubor E.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2017

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tom 7

|

nr 1

25-47

EN

Before the advent of colonialism, the African region was towing a path towards developing a self-sufficient and sustaining economy, in which Trade apart from being a medium of exchange, served as a tool for integration and exchange of idea of the various peoples occupy what today constitutes the Nigerian area and beyond. The activities surrounding agriculture and trade/exchange also allowed for the development of a compact network of other related economic activities (i. e. establishing a link from and between the production of raw agricultural raw materials to manufacturing) as well as specialization. However, the integration of the area and her neighbors into the web of international trade destroyed the indigenous network, thus encouraging dependency. This paper employing historical methodology seeks to examine the relationship between international trade, colonialism and the economic woes of the region and its impact years after colonial rule.

7

Using Samir Amin’s Déconnexion Theory to Overcome the “Irrational Dead-end”: An Alternative Perspective on North Korea’s Recent Economic Opening Strategy

88%

Clément T.

Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe

|

2015

|

nr 3

131-144

EN

While North Korea embarked on a gradual reform and opening program almost 30 years ago, the levels of economic cooperation with the outside world is still very low. While many scholars tend to explain these low levels by Pyongyang’s alleged “autarkic” or “irrational” policies, we rather argue that a shift of perspective is needed to try to understand the DPRK economic policies better, past and present.

8

Wysokość świadczeń emerytalnych z Funduszu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych a finansowanie instytucjonalnej opieki długoterminowej w Polsce

88%

Lipski D.

Studia BAS

|

2022

|

nr 4(72)

169-186

EN

The objective of this study is to introduce the topic of old-age infirmity risk and to analyse the sources of its financing in the current legal framework, based on social insurance retirement benefits paid by the Social Insurance Institution. The problems of estimating the scale of old-age infirmity risk in Poland will be considered, and on the example of the average cost of living in a nursing home in selected cities conclusions and recommendations on possible sources of financing institutional long-term care in the future will be presented. Undertaking a discussion of the economic dimension of old age is justified primarily by the assumption that financing the specific needs of the elderly can generate extraordinary costs, both for individual households and for the public sector as a whole.

9

Valenz, Dependenz und viel mehr – Andauernde Aktualität des Werks von Ulrich Engel

88%

Golonka J.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

|

nr 17

375-378

EN

This article is a review of the Festschrift for Professor Dr. Ulrich Engel, one of the greatest representatives of German linguistics. The individual articles of the Festschrift are presented, starting with the contribution of the director of the Leibniz Institute for German Language, Henning Lobin. The review has a three-part structure corresponding to the three parts of the Festschrift.

10

NIESAMODZIELNOŚĆ – NOWYM RYZYKIEM SOCJALNYM W SYSTEMIE ZABEZPIECZENIA SPOŁECZNEGO

75%

Bojanowska E.

Polityka Społeczna

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2018

|

tom 45

|

nr 2(21T) Niesamodzielność – nowe ryzyko socjalne

1-6

EN

The aim of this article is to present the risk of dependency in documents of international organisations, solutions of selected European countries, as well as solutions planned in the Polish social security system. Most international organisations, such as the WHO, the OECD, and the European Union, have not developed a clear definition of dependency. Most often, the term is explained in the context of descriptions and definitions of long-term care or disability. This is due to the fact that dependency is most often perceived as a consequence of disability. In Polish legal regulations, dependency is formulated as the inability to live independently.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie ryzyka niesamodzielności w dokumentach organizacji międzynarodowych, rozwiązaniach wybranych krajów europejskich, jak i projektowanych rozwiązaniach w polskim systemie zabezpieczenia społecznego. Większość organizacji międzynarodowych, takich jak: WHO, OECD czy Unia Europejska, nie wypracowało jednoznacznej definicji niesamodzielności. Najczęściej wyjaśnienia tego terminu pojawiają się w kontekście opisu i definiowania opieki długoterminowej lub niepełnosprawności. Wynika to z faktu, że najczęściej niesamodzielność postrzegana jest jako następstwo niepełnosprawności. W polskich przepisach prawnych niesamodzielność jest formułowana przez niezdolność do samodzielnej egzystencji.

11

CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE NUMBER OF THE COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

75%

Mielcarek R.

Studia Periegetica

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2012

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tom 7

91-120

EN

The question how many countries are in the world produces a serious problem. Various lists of world countries provide a different number. The cause of this discrepancy lies in the constantly changing global political situation, yet only to a limited extent. It is linked primarily to the lack of a consistent application of the definition of a country itself, which excludes, inter alia, uninhabited territories. This article provides a new author’s vision dividing the world altogether into 306 countries, including 209 sovereign states and 97 dependencies based on many years of study on this issue, including the author’s personal journeys to 287 countries from this list. Any potentially doubtful cases are discussed to justify their inclusion into a category of country.

12

Reforma systemu orzecznictwa o niesamodzielności w Niemczech

75%

Jurek Ł.

Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka

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2020

|

nr 3

79-96

EN

In 1995, social long-term care insurance was introduced in Germany. Since that time it has been changed many times in response to changing social and demographic conditions. Part of the system that has undergone fundamental modification was the eligibility criteria. The aim of the article is to present the idea of that reform, its determinants and consequences. In addition, the assessment of the reform was done in terms of social (compliance with social expectations), organizational (achieving the objectives) and financial (budget stability) effectiveness.

PL

W 1995 r. w Niemczech wprowadzono społeczne ubezpieczenie pielęgnacyjne. Od tego czasu było ono wielokrotnie reformowane w reakcji na zmianę warunków otoczenia społecznego, demograficznego i gospodarczego. Jednym z elementów, który został poddany zasadniczej modyfikacji, był system orzecznictwa o niesamodzielności (zmiany przeprowadzone w latach 2013–2017). Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie idei tej reformy, jej przesłanek i konsekwencji. Ponadto dokonana została ocena reformy pod względem społecznym (zgodność z oczekiwaniami społecznymi), organizacyjnym (skuteczność realizacji celów) i finansowym (utrzymanie stabilności budżetowej).

13

Local dependency in networks

75%

Kudělka M. , Zehnalová Š. , Horák Z. , Krömer P. , Snášel V.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2015

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tom Vol. 25, no. 2

281--293

EN

Many real world data and processes have a network structure and can usefully be represented as graphs. Network analysis focuses on the relations among the nodes exploring the properties of each network. We introduce a method for measuring the strength of the relationship between two nodes of a network and for their ranking. This method is applicable to all kinds of networks, including directed and weighted networks. The approach extracts dependency relations among the network's nodes from the structure in local surroundings of individual nodes. For the tasks we deal with in this article, the key technical parameter is locality. Since only the surroundings of the examined nodes are used in computations, there is no need to analyze the entire network. This allows the application of our approach in the area of large-scale networks. We present several experiments using small networks as well as large-scale artificial and real world networks. The results of the experiments show high effectiveness due to the locality of our approach and also high quality node ranking comparable to PageRank.

14

Valenz- und Dependenztheorie – traditionelle und neue Anwendungsbereiche

75%

Rojek T.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

|

2019

|

nr 16

375-384

EN

The anthology „Valency and Dependency. Theory and Practice“ is a commemorative publication in honor of Prof. Ulrich Engel on the occasion of his 90th birthday. The book contains 22 contributions (authored by former PhD-students, co-workers, colleagues and friends) which are closely linked to linguistic in¬terests and research activities of Ulrich Engel (including (co-)heading of international research projects in contrastive grammar). They cover a wide range of problems in dependency, valency and constituency theory, contrastive grammar and lexicography. The following review briefly summarizes the goals and results of each of the 22 articles.

15

Latin American 19th Century Economic Debate as the Predecessor of the Centre-Periphery and Dependency Theories: The Case of Argentina

63%

Woźniak D.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

|

2014

|

nr 17

181-199

EN

Latin American economic thought is known for its contribution of cepalismo and dependencia. These trends were supposed to help the region achieve prosperity in an independent way by breaking off the bonds of economic dependency. Latin America had been struggling against the domination of Spain and Portugal and after gaining independence, against new colonial empires, particularly Great Britain, looking for new spheres of influence. Even though this order was profitable for many of 19th century Latin American elite’s representatives, many were searching a path to economic independence, demonstrating their nationalist and protectionist view on economy. The main objective of this paper is to study the connection between the 19th century trends in Latin American economic ideas and famous ideas of the 20th century cepalistas and dependentistas, which will be considered in the broader context of 19th century – an axial time not only for capitalist development, but also for its critique.

ES

El pensamiento económico de América Latina es muy conocido por su aporte de cepalismo y dependencia. Estas dos tendencias ayudaban a la región alcanzar el desarrollo y la prosperidad de manera independiente por la ruptura de los lazos de dependencia económica. América Latina ha estado luchando contra la dominación de España y de Portugal y, a continuación, después de obtener la independencia, los nuevos imperios coloniales, en particular Gran Bretaña, que buscaba nuevas esferas de influencia. A pesar de que este orden era rentable para muchos de los representantes de las élites latinoamericanas en el siglo XIX. Muchos estaban buscando un camino a la independencia económica, demostrando su visión nacionalista y proteccionista de la economía. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre las tendencias del siglo XIX en las ideas económicas de América Latina y las ideas de los famosos cepalistas y dependentistas del siglo XX, que serán considerados en el contexto más amplio del siglo XIX, entendido como un momento fundamental no solo para el desarrollo capitalista, sino también por su crítica.

16

Analiza wybranych metod walidacji krzyżowej w programie RSES

63%

Bethke B.

Studia i Materiały Informatyki Stosowanej

|

2024

|

tom T. 16, nr 1

11--14

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę zbioru danych za pomocą dwóch metod walidacji krzyżowej. Wykorzystano program RSES do identyfikacji kluczowych właściwości i relacji w zbiorze. Wyniki wykazują wpływ niektórych parametrów na potencjalną dokładność wyników.

EN

This article presents an analysis of a dataset using two cross-validation methods. The RSES program was employed to identify key properties and relationships within the dataset. The results indicate the impact of certain parameters on the potential accuracy of the outcomes.

17

Valence jako jádro jazykového systému

63%

Sgall P.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

|

2006

|

tom 67

|

nr 3

163-178

EN

Valency of lexical units (i.e. the sets of their obligatory and optional dependents) constitutes the main link between lexicon and grammar. As handled up to now by J. Panevová and others in the Functional Generative Description, valency provides a very good starting point for the testing of this approach in the Prague Dependency Treebank. The morphemic and especially syntactic annotation of large segments of free texts confirm that this description has essentially been formulated adequately. Even so, certain issues of valency deserve further discussion. This article partly summarizes earlier research in the Charles University Theoretical and Computational Linguistics group and adds new results. It aims to document how issues concerning a hierarchy of the types of dependency relations, the orientation of these relations, the usefulness of recognizing a third class of dependents “between” arguments and adjuncts, etc., can be handled in useful ways using this background.

18

Modele funkcjonowania osób starszych w tym niesamodzielnych w rodzinie

63%

Adamczyk M. D.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

|

2022

|

tom 50

|

nr 3

189-208

EN

The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the ways in which an elderly person functions within a family, with particular emphasis on the aspect of taking care of them and their potential within the family. The research problem that has been tackled here is contained in the following questions: What is the meaning of family in the life of the elderly? What role do the elderly play in the family? How are the elderly taken care of, depending on the adopted model of providing care, in the case of their dependence? What form of life organisation in old age is optimal – should the elderly live with the younger generation or maintain their own independent household? The article uses the analytical-synthetic method on the basis of selected subject literature. Conclusions: The observed disappearance of multigenerational families, as well as the lowered quality of intergenerational relations, resulted in the elderly being pushed to the margin of not only social, but often family life. In the case where an elderly person is not independent, the form of care is becoming more and more institutional, which is contributed to by socio-cultural conditions. However, both for the elderly and their families, the most optimal way of functioning is living together or in a distance that allows for frequent direct contact.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie sposobów funkcjonowania osoby starszej w rodzinie ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na aspekt opieki nad nią oraz na jej potencjał w obrębie rodziny. Problem badawczy, jaki został tu podjęty, zawiera się w pytaniach: Jakie znaczenie w życiu osób starszych ma rodzina? Jaką rolę odgrywają osoby starsze w rodzinie? Jak przebiega opieka nad osobami starszymi zależnie od przyjętego modelu sprawowania opieki w sytuacji niesamodzielności takiej osoby? Jaka forma zorganizowania życia na starość jest optymalna, czy osoby starsze powinny mieszkać z młodszym pokoleniem, czy też prowadzić samodzielne gospodarstwo domowe? W artykule wykorzystana została metoda analityczno-syntetyczna oparta na wybranej literaturze przedmiotu. Wnioski: Obserwowany zanik rodzin wielopokoleniowych, a także obniżenie jakości relacji międzygeneracyjnych doprowadziły do tego, że osoby starsze zostały odsunięte na margines życia nie tylko społecznego, ale często rodzinnego. W sytuacji braku samodzielności osoby starszej opieka nad nią przybiera coraz częściej formę instytucjonalną, do czego przyczyniają się uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe. Zarówno jednak dla osób starszych, jak i ich rodzin najbardziej optymalnym sposobem funkcjonowania jest wspólne zamieszkiwanie lub też zamieszkiwanie w odległości pozwalającej na częsty bezpośredni kontakt.

19

OPIEKA NAD OSOBAMI NIESAMODZIELNYMI: MODEL REALIZOWANY A MODEL POŻĄDANY

63%

Jurek Ł.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2018

|

tom 45

|

nr 2(21T) Niesamodzielność – nowe ryzyko socjalne

24-29

EN

The aim of the article is to present selected solutions that could potentially improve the long-term care system and improve the quality of life of dependent people in Poland. The main interest is focused on home care, with particular emphasis on the organization of services and improving their quality. Basing on solutions that have been developed and implemented in other countries, the author's concept for the division of personal care was presented, as well as basic issues related to the standardization of these services.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych rozwiązań, które potencjalnie mogłyby usprawnić system opieki długoterminowej i poprawić jakość życia osób niesamodzielnych w Polsce. Skupiono się głównie na opiece domowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem organizacji usług i kształtowania ich jakości. Bazując na sprawdzonych rozwiązaniach, które zostały wypracowane i wdrożone w innych krajach, przedstawiono autorską koncepcję podziału usług w ramach opieki osobistej na usługi opiekuńcze i asystenckie, a także omówiono podstawowe zagadnienia związane ze standaryzacją tych usług.

20

Critical infrastructure preparedness : cascading of disruptions considering vulnerability and Dependency

63%

Eid M. , Hakkarainen T. , Terhi K. , Souza-Cursi-de E. , El-Hami A.

|

2016

|

tom Vol. 7, No. 1

61--66

EN

Critical Infrastructures’ disruptions may result in crises of unacceptable outcomes in modern societies. Thus, it is important to develop models that allow describing CIs’ disruptions and their propagation characteristics. CI disruptions depend on both the type of the threat and on the nature of the CIs’ mutual dependencies. A model describing the cascade of disruptions should, then, be able to consider the CI-threat vulnerability and the CI-CI dependency. The paper presents a model where cascades are exactly described using an integral equation. The integral equation admits an analytical solution if the occurrence probability distribution functions (pdf) of the disruptions obey Stochastic Poisson Processes (SPP). The introduction of the “vulnerability to the threat” and the “CIs’ (inter)dependencies” is carried out with the help of time constant factors called: “vulnerability strain factor” and “disruption strain factor”, respectively. An academic case is presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the model and illustrate some interesting features of the model. A complete set of numerical applications will be published separately.