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Infinitives in the 1820 Settler Letters of Denunciation: What can a Contextualised Application of Corpus-Based Results Tell us About the Expression of Persuasion?

100%

Włodarczyk M.

nr 4

533-564

This paper takes issue with Biber's (1988) findings concerning the significance of infinitives for what he calls the "overt expression of persuasion" (Biber 1988: 115). It aims to demonstrate that statistically generated results of research on large electronic corpora of contemporary English may not be verifiable in small, well-contextualised, single-genre collections, such as the one representing 19th century English used in this study. The collection comprises denunciation letters addressed to the colonial authorities (the Colonial Office) by the first British settlers in the Cape Colony (the 1820 Settlers). The letters follow the generic model of petition (Włodarczyk 2010) understood as an official written request. An act of denunciation, as we may assume, contributes to the inherent persuasiveness of petitions by increasing the illocutionary force (in the sense of Searle 1969, 1979) of the letter. Therefore, patterns of distribution of infinitives as markers of persuasion (Biber 1988) are particularly interesting to trace in the 1820 Settler denunciation letters. The paper shows that some of Biber's statements may not be taken as valid generalizations, as the persuasive potential of infinitives may not be corroborated unless each and every token is thoroughly contextualized. Furthermore, an analysis of requests in denunciations conducted within Speech Act Theory (Austin 1962; Searle 1969; Blum-Kulka 1984; Culpeper and Archer 2008) shows that it is first and foremost politeness concerns (cf. Brown and Levinson 1987), not the increased need for persuasiveness, that determine the degree of the illocutionary force of requests.

Wybrane charakterystyki jezuitów z Prowincji Wielkopolsko-Mazowieckiej z donosów informatorów aparatu bezpieczeństwa (1949-1978)

67%

Ihnatowicz M.

tom 51

112-122

The article presents extracts from the denunciations of security apparatus informers from the People's Republic of Poland regarding selected Jesuits from the Greater Poland-Masovia Province of the Society of Jesus. The article lists the areas of interest of the ministry of security to individual monks. The analysis of the documentation showed that the security apparatus carried out an insightful description of the monk. The security department created a comprehensive and synthetic image of a given Jesuit. He learned about his character traits, the opinions of his confreres about him, functions in the order, strengths and weaknesses, or his attitude towards state authorities. Knowledge in this area was obtained on the basis of many years of research and analysis of documents left by the Security Service in the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance (IPN).

W artykule przedstawiono wyciągi z donosów informatorów aparatu bezpieczeństwa z okresu Polski Ludowej dotyczące wybranych jezuitów z Prowincji Wielkopolsko-Mazowieckiej Towarzystwa Jezusowego. W artykule wymieniono obszary zainteresowania resortu bezpieczeństwa poszczególnymi zakonnikami. Z analizy dokumentacji wynikało, że aparat bezpieczeństwa przeprowadzał wnikliwą charakterystykę zakonnika. Resort bezpieczeństwa tworzył kompleksowy i syntetyczny obraz danego jezuity. Poznawał jego cechy charakteru, opinie współbraci o nim, funkcje w zakonie, słabe i mocne strony czy też stosunek do władz państwowych. Wiedzę w tym zakresie uzyskano na podstawie wieloletnich badań i analizy dokumentów pozostawionych przez Służbę Bezpieczeństwa w archiwach Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (IPN).

„Myśmy się nawzajem poznawały po oczach”… Z badań nad strategiami przetrwania kobiet żydowskich funkcjonujących „na powierzchni” po tzw. aryjskiej stronie w okupowanym Krakowie i okolicach

42%

Grądzka-Rejak M.

nr 2(26)

51-74

‘We got to know each other through our eyes…’ Research on Strategies for the Survival of Jewish Women Functioning above ‘Ground’ on the Aryan Side in Occupied Krakow and its Surroundings The purpose of this article is to show the survival strategies and the everyday life of Jewish women living on the so-called Aryan side in occupied Krakow and its surroundings. Ego-documents are the core source: relations and diaries collected in the Archive of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, the Archives of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem and the Archives of the Metropolitan Curia in Kraków. A thorough analysis of the phenomenon is very complex, therefore this article only discusses the fate of the Jewish women who co-existed amongst Polish society rather than those who did not have ‘Aryan documents’ or could be betrayed by their appearance, and were thus forced to remain in hiding the whole time. The article not only pays attention to the survival strategies and ways in which they disguised their origins and identities, but it also explores the everyday life, family relationships, work and religious life of these women. The author’ s aim was not to analyse aid provided to Jewish women by non-Jews, or symmetrically, to synthesise problems regarding the selling out of Jews in occupied Krakow. Both issues do appear in the article, but rather as background to the individual cases, since they were, in fact, inseparable elements of any survival strategy on the Aryan side in the GG ‘capital’. The article also notes the absence of certain topics in the interviews, related to the daily life of Jewish women in hiding, which makes a more comprehensive analysis difficult.