Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Changes in oxidoreductases activity in anthropogenic salty soils

100%

Siwik-Ziomek A. , Koper J.

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nr 1

EN

To study the effects of anthropogenic salinity-sodicity on dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity in soil, samples were collected from the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. Plant in Inowrocław. The soils closest to the plant were assayed to determine pH, electrical conductivity(EC1:5), and enzymes activity. The soil resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) indices were computed. The soil was sampled in July and October 2015 from the plant area not covered by the recultivation treatments (locations no 1, 2, 3, 4) and the locations where the agrotechnical soil recultivation was performed (5, 6). The successive soil sampling locations (7, 8) were located in the vicinity of the plant, while the control (point 9) – beyond the impact of the plant. Soil was sampled from the depth of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. To compare the activity of the oxydoreductases sampled from various locations, indices were calculated to facilitate estimation of both soil processes degradation and recultivation. It has been observed that the highest value of pHKCl and electrical conductivity increased the CAT and inhibited the DH activity. RS values for the dehydrogenase activity closed to 0 for the soil from stands in the vicinity of the plant, meaning the effect of saline on soil not only in places of stored post-soda sludge, but also in the area near the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. The highest value of soil catalase RL in location no 5, 0–20 cm deep, from recultivation area suggests a correct recultivation.

2

Enzymatic activity of soils exposed to transportation pollutants, located along road no. 957

88%

Filipek-Mazur B. , Tabak M. , Gorczyca O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2014

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tom Vol. 15, nr 4

145--149

EN

he research was conducted in order to determine the catalase, dehydrogenase, and arylsulfatase activities of soils exposed to transportation pollutants. The research material consisted of soil samples collected from points located along road no. 957 at a section passing through Zawoja (the Malopolska Region), from places at a distance of 5 and 200 m from the road edge. The samples were collected from a 0–10 cm layer, from areas covered with grasses. No considerable diversification in the enzymatic activity of the soils, depending on their distance from the road edge, was found. The mean activity of catalase and dehydrogenases in the soils located 5 m from the road edge was, respectively, 4 and 7% greater than the activity of the soils located 200 m from the road edge. The mean arylsulfatase activity in the soils located 5 m from the road edge was 3% lower than in the soils located at a distance of 200 m. A positive correlation was found between the catalase and arylsulfatase activities, and the dehy-drogenase activity in the soils.

3

Enzyme activity in forest peat soils

88%

Blonska E.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the activity of dehydrogenases and urease in forest peat soils of different fertility. There were selected 23 experimental plots localised in central and northern Poland. The research was conducted on forest fens, transition bogs and raised bogs. The biggest differences in soil physical and chemical properties were detected between fen and raised bog soils while raised bog soils and transition bog soils differed the least. Statistically significant differences between particular subtypes of peat soils were observed for soil pH-H2O, pH-KCl, C/N ratio as well as the content of organic carbon, nitrogen, calcium and potassium. The highest average dehydrogenase activity in the soil surface level was observed in fen soils, and the lowest – in raised bogs soils. The results obtained on urease activity were similar. Differences in urease activity in the studied soil types were shown. Dehydrogenase activity did not reveal statistically significant diversity. The activity of urease was negatively correlated with the content of carbon, C/N ratio, hydrolytic acidity and moisture. Also the increase in enzymatic activity accompanied by the increase in pH has been observed.

4

Changes in microbial dehydrogenase activity and pH during bioremediation of fuel contaminated soil

75%

Wieczorek D. , Marchut-Mikolajczyk O. , Antczak T.

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2015

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tom 96

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nr 4

5

Alternative respiration as primary defence during cadmium-induced mitochondrial oxidative challenge in Arabidopsis thaliana

75%

Keunen E. , Jozefczak M. , Remans T. , Vangronsveld J. , Cuypers A.

BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology

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2013

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tom 94

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nr 2

6

The impact of production of silver nanoparticles using soil fungi and its applications for reducing irrigation water salinity

75%

Yaseen R. , Kotp Y. H. , Eissa D.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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tom no. 46

216--228

EN

In the present work, the dried biomass of soil isolated fungus Eurotium cristatum was used for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape with average diameter of 16.56 nm and displayed maximum absorbance at 418. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study indicated the presence and binding of proteins with myco-produced silver nanoparticles. The optimum conditions for AgNPs biosynthesis were found to be at temperature of 40°C, pH of 8.0, substrate concentration of 500 ppm and fungal biomass wt. of 0.8 g. The AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri. AgNPs was built-in thin film nanocomposite (TFNC) membrane and the impacts of nanomaterial composition on membrane properties and desalination process were studied. The AgNPs produced membrane TFNC had better filtration performances than pure thin film composite membrane TFC. The TFNC membrane had enhanced water flux (32.0 vs. 16.5 dm3∙m–2∙h–1) and advanced NaCl rejection (91.7 vs. 89%) compared to the TFC membrane. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the irrigation with desalinated water on yield and productivity of essential oil of the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and lavender (Lavandula multifida L.). The irrigation with desalinated water reduced significantly the soil reaction, soil electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percent in rhizospheric soil, it also enhanced the growth and oil yield of both plants compared with those irrigated with salt water.

7

Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Reakcje utleniania. Część 1

75%

Karczmarska-Wódzka A. , Kołodziejska R. , Tafelska-Kaczmarek A. , Studzińska R. , Wróblewski M. , Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2015

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tom [Z] 69, 1-2

35--51

EN

The main advantage of biotransformation involving enzymes, compared to chemical processes, is a highly selective formation of products with precise configuration. Herein we describe enzymes participating in the oxidation processes, especially dehydrogenases and monooxygenases. Dehydrogenases are not only able to catalyze the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones, but they can also desymmetrize meso and prochiral diols through the enantioselective oxidation. As a result of this processes, optically active hydroxyketones, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and their derivatives are obtained. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) constitute a family of heme-containing enzymes which exhibits a variety of catalytic activities. They catalyze different reactions, such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, oxidative deamination, or N- and (S)-oxidation. In the oxidation reaction with monooxygenases, the whole cells are commonly used as catalysts. The use of monooxygenases in the oxidation reaction of prochiral alkanes provides the optically active alcohols. It is very significant that these transformations are still difficult to carry out by chemical methods. Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMO EC 1.14.13.X) effectively catalyze the nucleophilic and electrophilic oxidation reactions of various functional groups. BVMO are highly regio- and stereoselective enzymes, and their catalytic potential is used in the synthesis of optically pure lactones and esters. Keywords:

8

Failure in applicability of INT in dehydrogenase activity analysis while presence of high nitrate concentration

75%

Gnida A. , Surmacz-Górska J.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2012

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tom Vol. 5, no. 2

95-100

EN

The research was based on a determination of dehydrogenase activity (DA) of activated sludge operating under high ammonium load conditions. The dehydrogenase activity analysis was made using an INT assay where the tetrazolium salt (eg. INT) serves as an artificial acceptor of protons from respiration chain. In spite the widespread use of the test several analytical problems have appeared. One of the failures was a precipitation reaction between the tetrazolium salt INT and nitrates. In addition, there were problems with the determination of optimal concentrations of INT and the optimal incubation time and a decrease in INT formazan production over time.

PL

Przedstawione doświadczanie obejmuje oznaczanie aktywności dehydrogenaz osadu czynnego pracującego w warunkach znacznego obciążenia ładunkiem azotu amonowego. Do oznaczania aktywności dehydrogenaz użyto INT, sól tetrazolową stanowiącą sztuczny akceptor protonów w łańcuchu oddechowym. Mimo powszechnej stosowalności tego testu podczas oznaczeń napotkano na szereg problemów analitycznych. Zaobserwowano zachodzenie reakcji strącania pomiędzy solą tetrazolową INT a grupą azotanową. Ponadto wystąpiły problemy z wyznaczeniem optymalnego stężenia INT oraz optymalnego czasu inkubacji, a także stwierdzono ubytek w czasie powstałego formazanu INT.

9

Effect of Fertilization with Sludge-Ash Granulates on the Activity of Selected Soil Enzymes

75%

Możdżer E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 23, nr 4

137--144

EN

In the two-factorial vegetation experiment, the activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease was examined under the influence of the applied sludge-ash granulates produced from waste (sewage sludge, ash, sawdust). The research scheme included a control object, four types of fertilizer granulates, three doses and four dates of enzymatic activity indicators determination. The experiment was established in four replications. The size of granulate doses was determined on the basis of their nitrogen content. Dose I, II and III were: 0.24 g, 0.48 g and 0.72 g N•pot, respectively. The test plant was rapeseed of Larissa cultivar. The sludge-ash granulates were applied to the pots filled with the soil, in accordance with the experimental scheme. The soil samples for chemical analyses were taken from the top layer (0–20 cm) of spring rape cultivation four times: May 16, June 2, July 2 – dates from I to III, respectively, and August 2 after harvest – date IV. In average soil samples, the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase was determined. The research revealed that the highest increase in enzymatic dehydrogenase activity was obtained after applying granulate B, while phosphatases and urease after the application of granulate D. The smallest increase in dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity was obtained after the application of granulate C. The dose size of the applied granulates and date of uptake had a significant impact on the growth activity of the enzymes studied. The activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatases and urease, depending on the type of applied granulate, dose and date of soil sampling, was on average 7.28%, 30.5% and 7.94% higher, respectively, compared to the control. The correlation coefficient between dehydrogenase activity and urease and phosphatase was positively associated and amounted to r = 0.569 and r = 0.553, respectively. The applied fertilization with sludge-ash granulates A, B, C and D stimulated the increase in dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase activities in all fertilizer objects.

10

Activity of enzymes in zinc contaminated soil

75%

Wyszkowska J. , Zaborowska M. , Kucharski J.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2006

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tom 09

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nr 1

EN

The aim of the study has been to determine the effect of soil contamination with zinc on the activity of soil enzymes. The study consisted of two laboratory experiments. Same, light loamy soil of pH 7.1, was used in both experiments. The variables in the first experiment were: a degree of soil contamination with zinc in mg Zn kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 5, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000; dose of cellulose in g kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 15, and time of soil incubation (15 – 120 days). In the second experiment the following variables were tested: the degree of soil contamination with zinc in mg Zn kg-1 d.m. of soil: 0, 1000 and 2000; soil pH: 7.1, 6.4 and 5.5, and the time of soil incubation (15 – 120 days). The results of the experiments demonstrated that contamination of soil with zinc led to depressed activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Dehydrogenases and urease appeared to be more vulnerable to zinc contamination than phosphatases. The soil enzymes were adversely affected not only by zinc contamination but also by increasing soil acidity. According to their vulnerability to soil acidity the soil enzymes can be ordered as follows: dehydrogenases > urease > alkaline phosphatase > acid phosphatase. Cellulose added to soil (15 g kg-1) proved to be a good factor in the improvement of soil biochemical properties, although it did not limit the effects produced by zinc.

11

The influence of magnesium and zinc on the activity of isocitric dehydrogenase in the presence of fluoride ions

75%

Florianczyk B. , Pasternak K. , Papierkowski A.

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nr 1

EN

Fluorine exists in hard tissues (bones, teeth), in which it plays a structural function. Small quantities of fluorine are found in biological solvents and soft tissues. Fluoride ions are not enzyme cofactors but may influence their activity. In this paper, the acitivity of ICDH (isocitric dehydrogenase, E. C. 1.1.1.42) was tested in the presence of different concentrations of fluoride ions (from 0.05 to 5.0 μmol/l). Simultaneously, we studied ICDH activity in the presence of (acide from fluorine) magnesium and zinc ions. ICDH (of the Sigma) was tested by colorimetrical method. Fluoride ions in a range of concentrations from 0.05 to 0.52 μmol/1 have an inhibition effect, but in concentrations of 1.5 to 5.0 μmol/l activate the tested enzyme. The magnesium ions added to the incubation mixture eliminated the inhibition and activation effects of fluoride ions on the ICDH.

12

NAD-analogues as potential anticancer agents: Conformational restrictions as basis for selectivity

75%

Pankiewicz K. W. , Zatorski A. , Watanabe K. A.

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tom 43

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nr 1

EN

Cofactor type inhibitors (NAD-analogues) of IMP-dehydrogenase (IMPDH) were synthesized and their application as potential anticancer agents are discussed. C-nucleoside isosteres of NAD, C-NAD and C-PAD, showed an effective competitive inhibition of IMPDH. C-NAD but not C-PAD caused extremely potent inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase. We also synthesized compounds in which nicotinamide riboside was replaced with tia/.ofurin (TAD-analogues) and the 2' and 3'-positions of adenosine part were fluorinated. The ribose ring of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is in the Cy-endo conformation whereas 3-deoxy-3'-fluoroadenosine favors the Q2'-endo sugar pucker. These derivatives are good inhibitors of IMPDH type II, the isoenzyme dominant in neoplastic cells. In contrast, all these analogues showed rather week inhibitory activity against alcohol dehydrogenase. Nicotinamide riboside derivatives in which the base and the sugar are linked through an oxygen or a methylene bridge were synthesized. NAD-analogues containing such conformationally restricted nicotinamide nucleoside moiety (syn or anti) are expected to be selective inhibitors of B-specific (IMPDH) or A-specific dehydrogenases, respectively.

13

Enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase in soil fertilized with GWDA compost with or without a PRP SOL addition

63%

Krzywy-Gawronska E.

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nr 4

EN

In a two-year field experiment (2008-09), the effect of increasing doses of compost produced from municipal sewage sludge with or without the addition of active substance PRP®SOL (PRP Technologies, France) on urease and dehydrogenase activities during cultivation of winter wheat and spring rapeseed was studied. The experimental design included a control treatment with standard mineral fertilization and three levels of organic fertilization. The used compost doses were equivalent to 100, 200, and 300 kg N∙ha⁻¹. Organic fertilization was carried out on 28 September 2007. In 2008 and 2009 the whole experimental area was fertilized with active substance PRP SOL at a 150 kg∙ha⁻¹ dose and multicomponent fertilize Polifoska 6 at a 200 kg∙ha⁻¹ dose. Due to the low nitrogen content in Polifoska 6 (6% N), urea top-dressing for winter wheat and spring rape-seed was applied at a dose of 100 kg N∙ha⁻¹ in two times periods. Soil samples for chemical analyses were collected from the arable layer (0-25 cm) under winter wheat four times: April, May, and July (soil sampling times I to III), and after its harvest at the end of August 2008 (sampling time IV). In spring 2009, spring rapeseed was sown in the same field, and soil samples for analyses were collected in the same times I to III (April, May, and July), while soil sampling time IV following the rapeseed harvest fell at the beginning of August 2009. It was found that fertilization with a triple dose of compost with a PRP SOL addition increased the soil pHKCl value as compared to control soils. Higher organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents were found in the soils collected from experimental plots being fertilized with a double and a triple dose of municipal sewage sludge compost with a PRP SOL addition. Significant increase in urease activity was found between soil sampling times I and IV (specify the treatment here). The applied fertilization with single and a triple doses on compost with or without PRP SOL increased the urease activity on average by 30.4 between soil sampling times I and IV. The largest increase in dehydrogenase activity was observed between soil sampling times I and III and in control objects. The applied fertilization with a triple dose of compost with or without PRP SOL increased the dehydrogenase activity on average by 18.65% between soil sampling times I and III. The applied organic fertilization together with active substance PRP SOL stimulated the enzymatic activity of urease and dehydrogenase in all cases.

14

Zmiany stanu mikrobiologicznego kompostów na bazie kory sosnowej z dodatkiem preparatu Efektywne Mikroorganizmy (EM), zielonej masy roślin i mocznika

63%

Starzyk J. , Czekała J. , Wolna-Maruwka A. , Swędrzyńska D.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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tom Tom 17, cz. 2

1512--1526

EN

Rational waste management in Poland is one of the most important social, ecological and economic problems. Composting is an optimal method of waste management. It is a continuous process, which consists in the decomposition of organic substance subjected to biochemical processes and the influence of microorganisms. It is usually defined as the sum of microbiological processes related with the formation of humus. Properly made compost is characterized by a large value of fertilizer, often exceeding the fertilizer value of manure. The admixture or the use of biodegradable waste for composting contributes to higher aeration of the composted mass, facilitates reaching the optimal humidity range of 50–60%, enriches the composted mass with a source of carbon which is accessible to microorganisms and guarantees the optimal C:N ratio. However, in the production of compost main objective is to optimize the conditions of this process. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of selected groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity levels occurring during the composting of pine bark, depending on the application of different organic additives and microbiological preparation and changes in temperature. The experiment was established in the Forest District Antonin in Wielkopolska. Composting was carried out in six piles of pine bark supplemented with different doses of green mass of legumes, Effective Microorganisms solution and urea. During the composting process, samples were taken three times for microbiological analysis. It were analyzed total number of mesophilic bacteria, actinomyces, copiotrophs, oligotrophs and fungi on selective substrates. Isolated colonies were used to determine the total number of tested microorganisms. Furthermore, were tested the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, determining the activity of the dehydrogenase, using the spectrophotometric method with TTC as a substrate. Also were analyzed the impact of differences in the composition of compost on the growth of microorganisms. The following terms were also tested the temperature of the windrows. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. In most of the analyzed terms the largest number of different groups of bacteria and fungi was observed in combination of pine bark, and extended to the highest dose of the green mass of the plants and EM-A. To changes in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms also fundamentally affect temperature changes during the composting process. Dehydrogenase complex activity did not increase with the increase in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms.

15

Porównanie oddziaływania wybranych metali ciężkich i zasolenia na aktywność enzymatyczną podłoży ogrodniczych stosowanych w technologii pojemnikowej produkcji lawendy wąskolistnej (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)

63%

Telesiński A. , Dobrowolska A. , Stręk M. , Płatkowski M. , Onyszko M.

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tom T. 15, z. 1

123–-132

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu zróżnicowanego zasolenia oraz zwiększonych ilości metali ciężkich na aktywność fosfatazy kwaśnej i zasadowej oraz dehydrogenaz w podłożach ogrodniczych stosowanych w pojemnikowej uprawie lawendy wąskolistnej (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.). Doświadczenia wazonowe prowadzono w hali wegetacyjnej Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie. Materiał stanowiło podłoże w postaci substratu torfowego jednorazowo wzbogaconego Azofoską w dawce 5 g·dm-3. Przeprowadzono dwa doświadczenia, w których czynnikami doświadczalnymi było zasolenie i obecność metali ciężkich w podłożu. Zanieczyszczenie podłoży ogrodniczych stosowanych w pojemnikowej uprawie lawendy wąskolistnej (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) metalami ciężkimi, jak również ich zasolenie spowodowało istotne zmiany aktywności fosfataz oraz dehydrogenaz. Niewielkie stężenie miedzi, ołowiu i cynku aktywowało fosfatazę kwaśną, podczas gdy aktywność fosfatazy zasadowej oraz dehydrogenaz uległa podwyższeniu jedynie po wprowadzeniu do podłoża cynku. Większe stężenie metali ciężkich działało inhibitująco na aktywność fosfatazową i dehydrogenazową podłoża. Zasolenie podłoża przede wszystkim hamowało aktywność fosfataz i dehydrogenaz, a stwierdzony efekt był większy po aplikacji NaCl niż CaCl2.

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of variable salinity and amounts of heavy metals on the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenases in horticultural growing media used in pot cultivation of lavender. Pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin.. Peat horticultural growing medium enriched with 5 g·dm-3 of Azofoska at the time of transplanting plants was used as substrate. In parallel, two experiments were conducted where experimental salinity and the presence of heavy metals were the factors. Contamination of growing medium with heavy metals and its salinity significantly changed the activity of phosphatases and dehydrogenases. Small concentrations of copper, lead and zinc activated acid phosphatase, while the alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities increased only after the introduction of zinc. Higher concentrations of heavy metals decreased the phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities. Salinity of substrates inhibited phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity and the observed effect was greater after application of NaCl than CaCl2.

16

Relations between fluorine content in soil and inhibition of soil enzymes activity

63%

Nowak J. , Smolik B. , Zakrzewska H.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 2

17

Wpływ wapnowania i materiałów organicznych na aktywność ureazy i dehydrogenaz w glebie zanieczyszczonej niklem

63%

Kalembasa D. , Kuziemska B. , Kalembasa S.

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tom Nr 36

7--17

PL

W glebie pobranej po dwuletnim doświadczeniu wazonowym oznaczono aktywność ureazy, dehydrogenazy i zawartość azotu. W doświadczeniu uwzględniono trzy czynniki: 1 – ilość Ni w glebie (0, 75, 150 i 225 mg kg-1 gleby); 2 – wapnowanie (0 i Ca wg 1 Hh); 3 –materiały organiczne (słoma żytnia i węgiel brunatny). Rośliną testową była kupkówka pospolita, której w każdym sezonie wegetacyjnym zebrano po 4 pokosy. Analizowano glebę po każdym pokosie trawy, w obu latach doświadczenia. Stwierdzono, że Ni w dawce 75 mg kg-1 gleby aktywuje badane enzymy, natomiast dawki większe powodują ich wyraźną dezaktywację. Zarówno wapnowanie jak i materiały organiczne ograniczały negatywny wpływ większych dawek niklu na aktywność dehydrogenaz i ureazy. Jednocześnie słoma i węgiel brunatny powodowały niewielkie zwiększenie zawartości azotu w glebie.

EN

In soil sampled after a two-year pot experiment, the activity of urease and dehydrogenase and content of nitrogen have been determined. The experiment included three factors: 1. the amount of nickel added to the soil (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg kg-1 of soil), 2. liming (0 and Ca according to 1 Hh hydrolytic acidity), 3. organic materials (straw of rye and brown coal). Test plant was cocksfoot, which four cuts were collected in each growing season. It was found that nickel added to the soli in dose of 75 mg kg -1 activates enzymes studied, whereas higher doses cause them explicit deactivation. Both liming and waste organic materials limited the negative effect of higher doses of nickel on the activity of dehydrogenase and urease. Simultaneously, both straw and brown coal caused a slight increase in the amount of nitrogen in the soil.

18

Wpływ wybranych soli kadmu na aktywność dehydrogenaz mikroorganizmów osadu czynnego

63%

Małachowska-Jutsz A. , Matyja K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2011

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tom T. 90, nr 8

1551-1554

19

Wpływ soli niektórych metali ciężkich stosowanych oddzielnie i łącznie na zmiany aktywności enzymów glebowych

63%

Nowak J. , Śnieg B. , Kłódka D.

|

2001

|

tom Vol. 8, nr 11

1163-1175

PL

Przeprowadzono badania laboratoryjne nad wpływem różnych dawek soli Cu(II), Pb(II) i Cd(II) zastosowanych oddzielnie i łącznie na zmiany aktywności fosfatazy kwaśnej i zasadowej, dehydrogenazy i ureazy. Stwierdzono całkowitą inhibicję badanych enzymów pod wpływem największego stężenia (50 mmol/kg gleby). Generalnie wszystkie z zastosowanych w doświadczeniu soli metali ciężkich wpłynęły w większym stopniu inhibitująco na enzymy glebowe niż aktywująco.

EN

Laboratory investigations into the influence of various doses of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) salts, applied parately and jointly, on changes in activity of acidic and alkaline phosphetasas and also dehydrogenase and uretase, were carried out. The complete inhibition of enzymes investigated, under the influence of the highest concentration (50 mmol/kg of soil), was stated. Genrally, all of the heavy metal salts used in the tests had more inhibiting than activating influence upon soil enzymes.

20

Geostatistical Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Soil Microbial Biomass and Its Activity Field at a Plot Scale

63%

Piotrowska-Długosz A. , Charzyński P.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

|

2012

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tom Vol. 19, nr 9

1081-1088

EN

Analysis and interpretation of spatio-temporal variability of soil microbial biomass content (microbial biomass carbon – MBC and nitrogen – MBN) and activity (dehydrogenase – DH, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis – FDAH, soil basal respiration – BR3) and their relationship to the variability of some physicochemical properties at the surface horizon of Phaeozem were studied. Soil samples were collected at 50 points at regular intervals 10 × 10 m in April and August 2007. Both biomass C and N concentration and FDAH activity showed significantly higher values in April than in August, while DH activity and BR3 range did not significantly differ between both sampling months. To characterise the spatial variability of the properties, spherical, linear or mixed (spherical/linear) models with (BR3, FDAH and MBC in April) or without (DH, FDAH, MBN and MBC in August) the nugget effect, were fitted to the calculated semivariograms. Soil basal respiration and FDA hydrolysis activity (April) were in moderate variability class (the nugget effect between 25 and 75 %), while only MBC in April was in the weak variability class (the nugget effect < 25 %). The ranges of influence calculated for microbiological properties data ranged from 10 to 17 m. Kriged maps displayed irregular distribution of microbial properties in the soil surface and their spatial distribution varied between April and August.

PL

W poziomie powierzchniowym (0-20 cm) czarnej ziemi badano zmienność czasowo-przestrzenną zawartości glebowej biomasy mikrobiologicznej (C i N biomasy mikrobiologicznej - MBC i MBN) oraz jej aktywności (aktywność dehydrogenaz - DH, poziom hydrolizy dioctanu fluoresceiny - FDAH oraz oddychanie glebowe - BR3). W kwietniu i w sierpniu 2007 r. pobrano 50 próbek glebowych z punktów zlokalizowanych w sztywnej siatce kwadratów (10 m 10 m). Wyniki opracowano metodami geostatystycznymi. Zmienność przestrzenną badanych parametrów przedstawiono za pomocą sferycznych lub mieszanych (sferyczno-liniowych) modeli semivariogamów, z efektem samorodka (BR3, FDAH i MBC w kwietniu) lub bez udziału zmienności losowej (DH, FDAH, MBN i MBC w sierpniu). Poziom oddychania gleby oraz aktywność FDAH (kwiecień) znajdowały się w średniej klasie zmienności (wariancja samorodka pomiędzy 25-75 %), jedynie zawartość MBC w kwietniu znajdowała się w niskiej klasie zmienności (wariancja samorodka < 25 %). Zakresy autokorelacji badanych zmiennych wynosiły od 10 do 17 m. Mapy rastrowe wykazały, że wartości badanych zmiennych były nieregularnie rozmieszczone na badanym obszarze. Ponadto, dla wszystkich badanych cech, z wyjątkiem FDAH, uzyskano odmienne rozmieszczenie przestrzenne wyników w obu terminach analiz.