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EN
The authors discuss the results of research carried out to present reading skills of pupils in the primary school. Taking into account theoretical background, used to prepare the research methodology, the most significant factors contributing to the reading process are analyzed. There are two dimensions of reading skills that are involved in the research: decoding and reading comprehension of the text. The range of decoding provides the assessment of reading speed (treated as a number of words read within one minute), correctness of reading (perceived as proportion of the read word in a correct way compared to all read words per minute), and a type of mistakes made by children during reading.
2
Content available remote Efektywność turbokodów o różnej liczbie stanów
75%
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tom R. 50 nr 177B
243-252
PL
W referacie została przedstawiona budowa koderów i dekoderów turbokodów o różnej liczbie stanów. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań symulacyjnych jakości transmisji z wykorzystaniem tych turbokodów. Dekodery turbokodów pracowały ze stałą liczbą iteracji oraz z zastosowaniem mechanizmów redukcji liczby iteracji w środowisku propagacyjnym miejskim wokołobudynkowym dla szybkości transmisji 384 kb/s. W dekoderach turbokodów został wykorzystany algorytm SOVA.
EN
This paper was presented on the construction of encoders and decoders of turbo codes with different numbers of states. Presents the results of simulation of transmission quality using the turbo codes. Turbo decoders work with a fixed number of iterations, and using mechanisms to reduce the number of iteration in Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian environment for data rate 384 kb/s. In turbo decoders SOVA algorithm was used.
3
Content available remote Dekoder LDPC implementowany w mikrokontrolerze dla systemów Internetu Rzeczy
63%
PL
Artykuł dotyczy projektowania systemów kodowania korekcyjnego dla protokołów komunikacyjnych w Internecie Rzeczy, które są implementowane na platformach o mocno ograniczonych zasobach obliczeniowych. W artykule zaproponowano wykorzystanie nowoczesnych kodów LDPC (Low Density Parity Check), zaprezentowano algorytm dekodujący oraz przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentalne implementacji w układzie mikrokontrolera. Przeprowadzono testy dla różnych wielkości słów kodowych oraz zebrano wyniki związane z czasem dekodowania, przepustowością jak również liczbą iteracji potrzebną do zdekodowania jednego bloku.
EN
The article concerns the design of correction coding systems for communication protocols in the Internet of Things, which are implemented on platforms with very limited computing resources. The article proposes the use of modern LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) codes, presents the decoding algorithm and presents the experimental results of the implementation in a microcontroller device. Experiments were performed for different codeword sizes and the results were collected concerning the decoding time, throughput as well as the number of iterations needed to decode one block.
EN
Land degradation, including pasture lands is one of the global problems. Currently, one of the most urgent problems of the West Kazakhstan region is the preservation and restoration of the vegetation cover of pasture lands. To date, large areas of the region have been occupied by agricultural land. Several main reasons negatively affect agriculture, one of which is land degradation associated with anthropogenic impact in terms of the irrationality of land use. Thus, to preserve the biodiversity of the pastures of the West Kazakhstan region, it is necessary to fully study the projective cover of the vegetation, determine the dominant plant species, and also monitor the condition of pastures to prevent land degradation on time by conducting land and forest improvement activities. The study aimed to carry out a phyto-ecological assessment of degraded pastures of the Karatobinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region using geoinformation technologies and field study results. The paper presents the results of desktop decoding of high-resolution satellite images and ecological profiling of the studied territories. Decoding features of landscape types allowed making a preliminary map of landscape contours. The use of this technique makes it possible to monitor the condition of degraded pasture lands in a short time and justify the organization of pastures with a regulated grazing system in the study area.
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nr 52
295-313
EN
Language Games with Acronyms. The specificity and comical potential of backronyms Abbreviations, acronyms and other forms created by abbreviating a word or a phrase are more and more frequently present in the lexicons of various languages, which confirms the tendency to make means of expression more economical. They may also serve as a point of departure for language games of different types. An example is provided by backronyms, that is peculiar decodings of acronyms, often coloured with humour and irony. The aim of the article is to discuss the structure of those decodings and the comical mechanisms contained in such a method, frequently ironic, of decoding acronyms of this type.
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