Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ocena stopnia decentralizacji wydatków publicznych w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej

100%

Kasperowicz-Stępień A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2011

|

nr 862

41-52

EN

Decentralisation is a highly complex process which can be broken down into three forms of decentralisation: political, administrative, and financial. The article examines financial decentralisation, the main gauge of which is the decentralization of public expenditures. The role of local governments of the countries of the EU in spending public funds is presented.

2

Selected conditions for the functioning of local social policy based on the example of social assistance

80%

Krzyszkowski J.

Praca Socjalna

|

2020

|

tom 35(4)

19-33

EN

This presented paper concerns local social policy and social assistance. In the first part, definitions of local social policy and theories on local social policy are presented. The second part of the paper analyses the main reforms of social policy and social assistance in Poland along with selected findings of studies on local social policy and social assistance.

3

Legal status of the local government in the time of COVID-19 pandemic

80%

Czuryk M.

Cybersecurity and Law

|

2020

|

tom 3

|

nr 1

83-92

EN

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many public entities have been forced to reorganise their activities, on the one hand to preserve the continuity of public task performance and, on the other hand, to observe all restrictions to ensure health security. The same applies to the local government as the basic form of decentralisation of public administration which, in the time of the pandemic, has to seek new solutions to preserve the continuity of task performance and compliance with the required standards, as well as measures to survive in the new realities. The considerable changes in the functioning of the local government in the time of the pandemic caused by human SARS-CoV-2 infections involve the structure of public funds, including those of local governments, which are discussed in this paper.

4

The Role of Territorial Governments in Decentralisation of the Economic Activities of the State (during the Years 2004-2009)

80%

Heller J.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

|

2011

|

tom 6

|

nr 2

234-356

EN

The aim of the research was to assess the decentralisation of the economic activity of the State. Analysis of the general activity of territorial governments in Poland during the years 2003-2009 provided the base for that assessment. In practical terms two methods of economic activity are employed: indirect and direct. In the towns possessing the status of counties and in urban municipalities the indirect method dominates. In counties and rural municipalities the direct methods dominate. Employment of different methods leads to systemically different paths of development of the territorial governments in Poland. The need for organisational changes that might correct that unfavourable trend exists. One of the methods for achievement ofthat goal would involve combining rural counties with rural and urban-rural municipalities in a single organisational structure based on the example of the towns possessing the status of counties.

5

The Europeanisation of the Local Self-Government in the South Caucasus

80%

Czachor R.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

|

2022

|

nr 2 (51)

30-47

EN

The following paper employs a normative approach and focuses on the problem of the current state of the local self-government in the South Caucasus countries: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Since all these countries are members of the Council of Europe, a reference point for decentralisation is the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The paper's main thesis is that despite showing some similarities, the countries have introduced different models of decentralisation that do not fully meet the Council of Europe’s criteria. Such variation is in line with the different political systems of these states and their level of democratisation. The more democratic the state is, the stronger the decentralisation it has adopted. Thus, decentralisation in Georgia follows the European model of public policy, while Azerbaijan is preserving the former Soviet model of weak self-government, with central authorities playing the leading role in public services. The current changes in Armenia’s model resemble the Georgian track of reforms. The findings of this paper may be applicable both in further theoretical research and in implementing reforms of local self-government in various post-Soviet states.

6

Pozycja ustrojowa samorządu gospodarczego w Polsce

71%

Kmieciak R.

Studia z Polityki Publicznej

|

2016

|

tom 3

|

nr 2(10)

89-102

EN

Since the beginning of the political transition in Poland an unproductive discussion has been continued concerning the role of economic self-government in the system of local government. The current legal regulations do not provide business chambers with the status of public legal unions. They tend to be based on the facultative nature of the ties between entrepreneurs, which is the main cause of the weakness of the Polish economic self-government, or rather the economic quasi-self-government. The consequential structural and programmatic weakness of entrepreneurs’ organisation seems to be the major obstacle in creating an effective system of local governance that could equalise the excessively asymmetric relations between the local government and the representation of entrepreneurs. It is beyond doubt that the lack of such structures in the area of public institutions is the main reason for marginalising them by the government and local authorities, which do not see the need to make any concessions for the diffused economic environment. Given this context, the most rational solution seems to be the creation of a common economic self-government, which will be incorporated into the system of public authorities.

PL

W Polsce od początku przemian ustrojowych trwa bezowocna dyskusja dotycząca miejsca samorządu gospodarczego w systemie władzy lokalnej. Obecnie obowiązujące regulacje prawne nie zapewniają izbom gospodarczym pozycji związków publicznoprawnych. Opierają się one na fakultatywnym charakterze więzi łączących przedsiębiorców, co jest główną przyczyną słabego rozwoju rodzimego samorządu gospodarczego, a właściwie quasi samorządu gospodarczego. Wynikająca z tego słabość strukturalna i programowa organizacji przedsiębiorców wydaje się być główną przeszkodą na drodze do stworzenia efektywnego systemu zarządzania lokalnego, który mógłby zniwelować zbyt asymetryczne obecnie relacje pomiędzy samorządem terytorialnym i reprezentacją przedsiębiorców. Bez wątpienia brak tego typu struktur w sferze instytucji publicznych jest głównym powodem ich marginalizowania przez władze rządowe i samorządowe, które nie widzą potrzeby czynienia jakichkolwiek koncesji na rzecz rozproszonego środowiska gospodarczego. W tym kontekście najbardziej racjonalnym rozwiązaniem wydaje się być utworzenie powszechnego samorządu gospodarczego, który zostanie włączony do systemu władz publicznych.

7

Gminna pomoc społeczna – ćwierć wieku transformacji

71%

Kamiński T.

Przegląd Politologiczny

|

2015

|

nr 4

107-118

EN

The paper is devoted to reflections on the functioning of social welfare in the restored structures of local government in last twenty-five years. Firstly, it generally shows the importance of decentralization processes in contemporary social welfare. Then it briefly presents the experiences of Polish municipal social welfare, on the basis of the Social Welfare Act adopted in 1923. Next, it presents the key role of the Social Assistance Act of 29 November 1990, the effects of the administrative reform implemented on 1 January 1999 and the current challenges facing municipal social welfare.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest refleksji nad dwudziestopięcioleciem funkcjonowania pomocy społecznej w strukturach odrodzonego samorządu gminnego. Najpierw ogólnie zostało ukazane znaczenie procesów decentralizacji we współczesnej pomocy społecznej. Następnie przedstawiono pokrótce polskie doświadczenia gminnej pomocy społecznej, sięgające uchwalonej w 1923 roku ustawy o opiece społecznej. W dalszej kolejności zaprezentowana została kluczowa rola ustawy o pomocy społecznej z 29 listopada 1990 roku, skutki reformy administracyjnej wdrożonej 1 stycznia 1999 roku oraz aktualne wyzwania stojące przed gminną pomocą społeczną.

8

The Local Aspect of Social Security – the Case of Warmia and Masuria

70%

Chmieliński B.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2019

|

tom 28(28)

22-34

EN

Social security is an element of the broadly understood state security system. A centralized approach to managing social needs does not take into account the local and regional differentiation of a population’s preferences, and, as a result, does not allocate resources in an optimal fashion. Decentralisation contributes to improving efficiency by way of more effective adaptation of public services to social needs, which is achieved by gaining a wider and deeper knowledge about the needs of local communities. Greater power of local authority bodies inspires innovative solutions and stimulates activity and competition between territorial units. It contributes to the rational allocation of resources at the disposal of local authorities, which leads to the conclusion that they are dominant with regard to exercising the social function of the state.

9

The Local Aspect of Social Security – the Case of Warmia and Masuria

70%

Chmieliński B.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

|

2018

|

tom 28(28)

22-34

EN

Social security is an element of the broadly understood state security system. A centralized approach to managing social needs does not take into account the local and regional differentiation of a population’s preferences, and, as a result, does not allocate resources in an optimal fashion. Decentralisation contributes to improving efficiency by way of more effective adaptation of public services to social needs, which is achieved by gaining a wider and deeper knowledge about the needs of local communities. Greater power of local authority bodies inspires innovative solutions and stimulates activity and competition between territorial units. It contributes to the rational allocation of resources at the disposal of local authorities, which leads to the conclusion that they are dominant with regard to exercising the social function of the state.

10

AKTUÁLNE PRÍSTUPY A PROCESY VO VEREJNEJ SPRÁVE

70%

Adamcová M.

Central European Papers

|

2022

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

9-24

EN

Knowing the individual approaches to public administration helps us to thoroughly understand the identity of public administration. Among the basic approaches to public administration we includean interdisciplinary approach, an approach topublicadministration with an interdisciplinary character and an approach that supports public administration as a separate guided discipline. The classical methodological procedure is the basis of a systemic, institutional and structural-functional approach to public administration. In line with the previous availability of the current form of public administration, which are influenced by the processes of Europeanization and regionalization. They correspond to an adequate public administration that would be efficient and provide quality services to citizens. In this search, it turns out that the key is the degree of centralization and decentralization in public administration.

11

Reformy samorządności lokalnej w Indiach – przesłanki i determinanty

70%

Bywalec G.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2022

|

nr 3(170)

43–67

EN

Following the Constitution of 1949, India is a democratic republic, a federation of states. However, in the early years of independence, the democratic rules of organising and functioning of the state applied to only two tiers – the federal one and the state one. The local tier remained undemocratic, which resulted in India being a semi-democratic country. Such a situation could not last long. It was necessary to launch reforms to democratise the local system of government and make India a fully democratic country. Numerous attempts at setting up democratic local self-government had been made, but all failed. It was not until the early 1990s that sustainable legal grounds were established for three-tier governance and its implementation began. Thirty years have passed since the Indian decentralisation. This fact induced the author to present the premises, determinants, and effects of the local government system’s democratisation and attempt to evaluate its role in the life of contemporary India.

12

Local government reform as state building: What the Polish case says about “decentralisation”

70%

Levitas A.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

|

2018

|

nr 3(45)

5-25

EN

Objective: Since 1990, Poland has become one of the most decentralised states in Europe. Local governments now control a third of all public expenditures. They have also delivered the goods, modernising the country’s infrastructure and restructuring its schools. This article attempts to explain why local government reform was so successful in Poland, and what it tells us about “decentralisation” elsewhere. Research Design & Methods: Historical research, practitioner experience, comparative analysis. Findings: The success of Polish local government reform was not due to “bottom up” accountability arising from either civic engagement or local taxation. Instead, “decentralisation” was largely a technocratic revolution from above. But accountability was created through an array of mezzo level institutions that trained and professionalised newly elected local elites, while also embedding them in the regulatory structure of the state and forcing them to monitor themselves. Implications / Recommendations: “Decentralisation” is less dependent on “getting the rules right” or mobilising popular engagement than it is on creating institutions that encourage public officials to learn from, and monitor, each other. Contribution: Reappraisal of what needs to be done to make “decentralisation” work. History of local government reform in Poland.

13

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Local Government Reform in Ukraine and Other Countries: A Comparative Legal Analysis

70%

Kаliuzhnyj R. А. , Bytyrin Y. O. , Shapenko L. A. , Zhuravel Y. V. , Lukashenko A. A.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

|

2022

|

nr 2(88)

31-44

EN

Decentralisation in Ukraine is an important factor in the development of a democratic system of government. The reform of local self-government aims to create new relations between citizens, local authorities, and the state. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the local government reform in Ukraine and other countries in order to identify its main advantages and disadvantages as well as indicate ways to overcome the existing shortcomings in this area. The study determined that decentralisation in the country leads to democratic transformations of society based on civic initiative and responsibility, as well as provides a decent standard of living and quality services at the local level. The introduction of decentralisation can be observed in almost all areas, including administrative, political, financial, and social. This significantly affects the potential of the population and increases the responsibility of public authorities to the population. There is an increase in the level of public services with regard to economic, legal, political, social, and ethnic issues. Finally, proposals were made to make changes in the field of local self-government in order to overcome the existing problems in this area.

14

The Territorial and Decentralization Reform in Ukraine (2014–2020)

70%

Horbliuk S. , Brovko O.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

|

2022

|

nr 2(88)

16-30

EN

The article is devoted to the reform of local self-government and territorial organisation of power in Ukraine, which took place in 2014–2020, combining three important tasks: improving the system of public authority, strengthening local self-government, and streamlining the administrative-territorial system in the state. The analysis conducted in the study concerns: the main problems to be addressed by the relevant reform; the chronology of the adoption of key regulations and their role in this process; the results of the amalgamation of territorial communities; and the communities’ ability to ensure the sustainable development of territories. As a result, the article highlights the stages of the implementation of the reform of local self-government and territorial organisation of power in Ukraine, as well as outlines several unresolved issues in this area.

15

ANALYSIS OF DECENTRALISATION PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF RESOLVING THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE

60%

Kompaniiiets O. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Urbański D. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J. , Bryc A. , Bojarczyk B. , Jorgensen F. A. E. , Niedziołka D. , Pacześniak A. , Potorski R. , Wincławska M. , Włodkowska-Bagan A. , Jeran A. , Mol A. , Solsbery A. , Dąbrowska I. , Głodkowski M. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies

|

2015

|

nr 1 (7)

PL

The article discusses three decentralisation designs considered by either of the parties to the conflict in the east of Ukraine as instrumental in resolving the crisis: the devolution of power to local territorial communities, territorial autonomy of Donbas, and the federalisation of the state. While each of the decentralisation projects bears risks for territorial integrity and long-term development given the current level of state capacity, only the devolution of power to local territorial communities, if properly implemented, will delegitimise claims of the rebel groups in the Donbas region, prevent any secession attempts in the future, and strengthen the state.

16

Decentralizacja zadań z zakresu ochrony zabytków – stan obecny i perspektywy zmian ustroju administracji konserwatorskiej

60%

Zalasińska K.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2015

|

nr 2

163-170

EN

Decentralisation of tasks in the scope of conservation of monuments underwent three phases: in 1990, 1998 and 2003. They were accompanied by alterations in the conservation administration system. Changes in the systemic position of monument conservation authorities – at the central and local level – are a subject of justified criticism of the conservation milieu. The question about direction of changes of indicated administrative structures remains valid. Systemic changes should include a decentralisation of certain tasks of Voivodeship Conservators of Monuments. The proposal of the new model of monument conservation, discussed in this article, has been presented during the II Conservators Congress.

17

Influence of the General Principles of Community Law on Polish Antitrust Procedure

60%

Kolasiński M.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2010

|

tom 3(3)

29-51

EN

This article presents the new legal problems related to the decentralization of the enforcement of Community competition law. The study shows that Regulation 1/2003 did not only give national antitrust authorities new rights and competences in that context but obligated them also to respect the general principles of Community law . This article contains an analysis of the first decisions issued by the UOKiK President on the basis of Community law and shows that the right of defence applicable to Polish proceedings differs from the standards developed by the European Commission and courts. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions concerning changes in Polish antitrust procedure regarding not only the application of Community law but also national provisions.

FR

Le présent article traite des problèmes liés à la décentralisation de l’application du droit communautaire de la concurrence. Une analyse démontre que le Règlement 1/2003 a attribué aux organismes nationaux de concurrence non seulement de nouveaux droits et de nouvelles compétences dans ce domaine, il les a également obligés à respecter les principes générales du droit communautaire. L’article comporte une analyse des premières décisions rendues par le Président de l’UOKiK sur le fondement du droit communautaire. Il démontre que le droit à la protection qui est appliqué dans les procédures polonaises diffère des standards développés par la Commission européenne et les juridictions. L’article se termine par des suggestions des modifications dans la procédure de concurrence polonaise portant non seulement sur l’application du droit communautaire mais aussi sur des dispositions légales nationales.

18

Prawnomiędzynarodowe uwarunkowania samorządu terytorialnego

57%

Kiczka K.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2015

|

tom 77

|

nr 3

101-114

EN

The article tackles selected issues regarding the significance of international law and other regulations, including the provisions of the EU law, on the juridicial status of self-governance in Poland. The researched material and its analysis indicate that international legislation and the legislative achievements of the Council of Europe in particular, have been taken into account in the process of the restitution of self-government structures in Poland.

PL

Opracowanie porusza wybrane zagadnienia odnoszące się do znaczenia prawa międzynarodowego, w tym unijnego i jego praktyki na status jurydyczny samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce. Zbadany wybiórczo materiał i przeprowadzone rozważania dają podstawę do stwierdzenia, że restytucja samorządu terytorialnego w naszym państwie uwzględniała wzmiankowane prawodawstwo międzynarodowe, a zwłaszcza dorobek Rady Europy.

19

Współdziałanie podmiotów władzy publicznej na rzecz rozwoju

57%

Kokocińska K.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2015

|

tom 77

|

nr 3

181-191

EN

This paper is an analysis of legal instruments available for the strengthening of cooperation between central government and self-government structures. Such cooperation should be based on interrelated activities conducted by their respective executive bodies. When proposing new legal forms of activity in development policies, special focus should be put on strategies and programmes developed in the course of a properly conducted drafting and adoption process. The specific relationships in the implementation of development policy have resulted in the formationof a relationship called a mechanism of modelling legal relationships. It is based on non-standard bilateral forms of collaboration carried out by public entities (a regional contract, territorial contract, and partnership contract) which are determined by the common public goal or purpose. These contractual forms of cooperation serve to delineate mutual relationships between bodies that are otherwise not bound by a hierarchical subordination relationship, but whose independence may, in effect of these contracts, be altered. Therefore the very essence underlying comanagement of projects is a desire to achieve a certain purpose, but above all to do so with regard to the existing and law-induced regime of the contracting parties.

PL

Artykuł obejmuje analizę prawnych instrumentów służących wzmocnieniu współpracy struktur rządowych i samorządowych, opartej na wzajemnie powiązanych działaniach podmiotów władzy wykonawczej. Wskazując nowe, prawne formy działania podmiotów władzy publicznej, występujące w sferze prowadzenia polityki rozwoju, szczególne znaczenie przypisać należy aktom polityki rozwoju ‒ strategiom rozwoju i programom, stanowiącym wynik prawnie uporządkowanego procesu ich przygotowania i przyjmowania przez współpracujące podmioty władzy wykonawczej. Swoisty układ stosunków w sferze prowadzenia polityki rozwoju doprowadził również do wykształcenia nowego typu zorganizowania współpracy w strukturach podmiotów władzy wykonawczej, określonego jako konsensualny mechanizm modelowania stosunków prawnych. Tworzą go nietypowe, dwustronne formy współdziałania podmiotów publicznych (kontrakt wojewódzki, kontrakt terytorialny i umowa partnerstwa), determinowane realizacją wspólnych celów publicznych. Te umowne formy współpracy służące wyznaczaniu relacji pomiędzy hierarchicznie niepodporządkowanymi podmiotami publicznymi władzy wykonawczej (wyznaczając wzajemne publicznoprawne relacje) mogą skutkować modyfikacją gwarantowanego ustawowo zakresu samodzielności podmiotów tych stosunków. Dlatego istota problematyki współadministrowania zasadza się na tym, że wyznaczanie wzajemnych relacji pomiędzy współdziałającymi podmiotami władzy publicznej determinować powinny ‒ obok uwarunkowań celowościowych, organizacyjnych i funkcjonalnych ‒ przede wszystkim założenia ustrojowe.

20

Konstytucyjna zasada autonomii uniwersytetów na przykładzie Hiszpanii

57%

Stachowiak-Kudła M.

Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe

|

2011

|

nr 1(37)

145-161

EN

This paper focuses on the autonomy of universities in Spain. Research on this subject is justified as the Spanish higher education model is a good illustration of a decentralised education system and, as such, may be used to analyse the links between the constitutional autonomy of universities and the practical implementation of this guarantee. In the Spanish case, the constitutional guarantee of autonomy as well as freedom of science and teaching at universities does not mean that universities in that country enjoy fuli and unconstrained autonomy. There are two underlying reasons for this situation. Firstly, the Spanish Constitution guarantees autonomy under principles specified in law, thus signalling that certain constraints are permissible. Secondly, the Spanish higher education system developed from the French model, with the governmental authority prevailing over universities. Although the legislation was modified quite frequently, thus changing the boundaries of autonomy and the mutual relations between universities and central government, the Spanish system still displays many characteristics of the French model.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest autonomia uniwersytetów w Hiszpanii. Podjęcie badań naukowych tej kwestii jest zasadne, ponieważ hiszpański model szkolnictwa wyższego dobrze ilustruje zdecentralizowany system edukacji oraz może stanowić przedmiot analizy związków między konstytucyjnie zagwarantowaną zasadą autonomii uniwersytetów a jej realizacją. Konstytucyjna gwarancja autonomii uniwersytetów oraz wolności nauki i nauczania w przypadku Hiszpanii nie oznacza, że uniwersytety cieszą się pełną i nieograniczoną autonomią. Dzieje się tak z dwóch względów. Po pierwsze, Konstytucja Hiszpanii stwierdza gwarancję autonomii szkół wyższych na zasadach określonych w ustawie, sygnalizując w ten sposób dopuszczalność pewnych ograniczeń. Po drugie, system szkolnictwa wyższego w Hiszpanii wyrasta z modelu francuskiego, z przewagą władzy państwa nad szkołami wyższymi. Mimo że ustawodawstwo zmieniało się dość często - a tym samym zmieniał się zakres autonomii uniwersytetów oraz wzajemne relacje między nimi a władzą centralną - hiszpański system szkolnictwa wyższego wciąż ma wiele cech charakterystycznych dla tego modelu.