Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Riverine water transformation during retention in small lowland reservoirs

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Suchowolec T. , Górniak A.

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2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.4

103-108

EN

Six small dam reservoirs in northeastern Poland, with different hydrologic and catchment characteristics were selected for research from March to October (2001-2003). There was a significant correlation between DOC and TP in the reservoirs and the water retention time (WRT). The highest values of electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded in reservoirs with an agricultural basin. In almost all reservoirs a statistically significant decrease of EC, compared to inflowing waters, was noted. Nitrates were substantially reduced in afforested catchment reservoirs. The highest TP concentration was recorded in a newly flooded reservoir. In reservoirs with long retention time, phosphorus sedimentation takes place more intensively. This caused phosphorus reduction in outflowing waters.

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Wpływ osadnika wstępnego na proces zamulania zbiornika głównego

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Pikul K. , Mokwa M.

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tom Vol. 17, No. 2

185--193

EN

One of the ways to limit the silting process of storage reservoirs could be the use of so-called preliminary settling tanks. Such concept has been used in construction of Mściwojów reservoir, which is the experimental water reservoir of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Before infl owing to the main reservoir water passes through the chambers of settling tank covered by macrophytes and subsequently through the pre-dam where the pollutants and solids are deposited. This signifi cantly improves the water quality and slows down the silting process of main reservoir. The analysis of sediment transport and sedimentation in Mściwojów reservoir system (settlement tank - pre-dam - main reservoir) shows that during the reservoir operation in 1999-2005 the total amount of stored sediments is about 26 570 m3. More than 2/3 of sediments has been stored in predam and in settling tank. The settlement tank has retained more than 10% of sediments of total sediments that infl ow to the reservoir. While assessing a effectiveness of biological fi lter in form of vegetation (Common Reed) in II chamber of settling tank it can be seen that the most thick layer of about 25 cm has been deposited there. This layer is a half of depth in chamber. The chamber is 50% more shallow than other chambers. It should be noted that the pre-dam together with settling tank is an important element of main reservoir protection against the harmful effects of sediment infl ow. It also diffuses pollution inflow to reservoir from catchment. Vegetation that was introduced to the tank intensifies the process of sedimentation. This paper presents characteristics and functions of Mściwojów reservoir system, field research methodology as well as results obtained and their analysis.

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Influence of water chemistry on the structure of planktonic ciliate communities across a freshwater ecotone in the eutrophic dam reservoir (Eastern Poland)

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Mieczan T. , Tarkowska-Kukuryk M.

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tom Vol. 34, no. 4

63-70

EN

The aim of the present study was to examine changes in species composition and density of ciliates in an adjacent river, ecotone and reservoir zone (Zemborzycki Reservoir, Eastern Poland). Quality and quantity structure of planktonic ciliates showed visible differences between studied zones; the highest species diversity and abundance were observed in the ecotone (water/water). The lowest species diversity and abundance were noted in the Bystrzyca River. Independent on the zone, ciliates community was dominated by bacterivorous species with the lowest proportions of algivorous taxa. The present study showed that density of protozooplankton rose with the increase of nutrients delivery and TOC concentration in water.

PL

Celem pracy była analiza zróżnicowania gatunkowego oraz liczebności orzęsków planktonowych w układzie: rzeka- ekoton (woda/woda) - zbiornik retencyjny (Zbiornik Zemborzycki, Wschodnia Polska). Zarówno bogactwo gatunkowe jak i obfitość orzęsków planktonowych były wyraźnie zróżnicowane w poszczególnych badanych strefach. Najwyższą różnorodność i liczebność orzęsków stwierdzono w strefie ekotonowcj. Najbardziej uboga jakościowo i ilościowo okazała się natomiast rzeka Bystrzyca. Niezależnie od strefy, w strukturze troficznej dominowały gatunki bakteriożerne, najniższy zaś udział miały gatunki glonożerne. Czynnikami w największym stopniu wpływającymi na występowanie protozooplanktonu były stężenia w wodzie fosforu ogólnego, fosforanów oraz całkowitego węgla organicznego.

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Izotopy promieniotwórcze w osadach dennych antropogenicznego zbiornika wodnego w Pławniowicach [komunikat]

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Tuszyński M. , Kostecki M.

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tom Vol. 29, no. 1

134--140

PL

Przedstawiono koncentracje izotopów promieniotwórczych w osadach dennych antropogenicznego zbiornika wodnego w Pławniowicach (gmina Rudziniec, województwo śląskie). Próby osadów pobrano z dwunastu stanowisk wzdłuż długiej i krótkiej osi zbiornika. Pomiary przeprowadzono techniką wysokoczułej spektrometrii promieniowania gamma z detektorem półprzewodnikowym typu HPGe. Stwierdzono występowanie: izotopów promieniotwórczych z szeregu uranowo-radowego, szeregu torowego, naturalnego izotopu potasu 40K oraz sztucznego izotopu cezu 137Cs. Średnia koncentracja zidentyfikowanych izotopów wynosiła 40K-347Bq/kg, 137Cs-205 Bq/kg, rodziny 238U-45 Bq/kg, rodziny 232Th-24 Bq/kg. Stwierdzono, że koncentracje wykrytych izotopów sa na poziomie normalnie spotykanym w środowisku naturalnym i w żadnym punkcie nie odbiegały od wartości przeciętnie spotykanych. Koncentracje te nie stanowią żadnego zagrożenia radioaktywnego.

EN

The distribution of radioactive substances in cores collected in l2 sample points of bottom sediments of Pławniowice antropogenic water reservoir has been studied. This ecosystem is an artificial reservoir on the Potok Toszecki river, which goes through the agricultural region in the west part of the Upper Silesian region. The aim of the work was to investigate samples from bottom sediments to determine sort and amount of radionuclides and other chemical elements and biological substances. These samples were taken from eleven points along the short and long axis of reservoir and were divided from 10-cm layers of bottom sediments. The measurement of radioactivity substances using high sensitive gamma spectrometry technique with semiconductor detector HPGe type was done. There was shown occurrence of radionuclides from uranium-radium 238U progeny, thorium 232Th progeny, the natural radionuclide of potassium 40K and the artificial radioisotope of cesium 137Cs. The mean activity concentration of radioelements is 40K - 347,0 Bq/kg, 137Cs - 204,7 Bq/kg, 238U - 44,5 Bq/kg, 232Th - 24,0 Bq/kg. Besides the concentrations change of radioisotope along the reservoir in the sediments was analyzed. A higher concentration of radioisotopes at the end of the lake was observed generally. For the cesium 137Cs the highest concentration in the 10-cm layer was in the middle points of the lake (for maximal deep) determined. This could be related with the Chernobyl accident. The concentrations of radioisotope are naturally in the environmental and are not dangerous.

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Sediment samples from the dobczyce dam reservoir (Southern Poland)

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Macherzynski M. , Reczyński W. , Sanecki J. , Górecki J. , Gołaś J.

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tom Vol. 34, no. 3

211-221

EN

In the study we have focused on the distribution of several metals (Cr, As, Pb) and anions (Cl", NO3", SO42') and their partition between pore (interstitial) waters and sediments sampled at three stations at the Dobczyce Reservoir which supplies the drinking water to inhabitants from the city of Kraków and its agglomeration. The results show considerable increase in concentrations of Pb and As in pore water samples, when compared to the bottom waters. Meaningful alternations in concentration were observed in case of pore water samples (Pb, As) and sediments (Cr, Pb, As), coming from three stations and their lateral sections. The possible relations between this phenomenon and the sediment characteristic as well as the Fe and Ca content, has been studied. Some comments on the seasonal variations of anion contents in water and pore water samples, are also provided. It was found that nitrates and sulphates show considerable variations.