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The New Solomon : Architecture as the Embodiment of State Ideology and Political Practice in Early Modern Prague

100%

Kalina P.

nr 1

26-36

The Vladislav Hall (c. 1490-1502) in the Old Royal Palace of Prague Castle is well known to modern scholarship and belongs to the icons of medieval European architecture. Despite of this, the complex relationship between its form and its function was never satisfyingly described. Amazing is the fact that the structure was built in the time when the king did not reside in Prague. The Czech king Vladislav from the Jagiellonian dynasty was elected Hungarian king in 1490, and since this moment did not live in Prague but in Buda, the seat of his former rival — the late Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. I argue that the spatial structure of the Palace represents a fixation of the power structure in the state as it was stabilized in this period of the Jagiellonian rule. The rooms adjacent to the Vladislav Hall were used for sessions of the Land Court (which was since the end of the 1480s the most important judicial institution in the kingdom), of the Chamber Court, and of the Court Tribunal, whereas to the East of the Hall there was the All Saints chapel. The portals leading to the chapel and court rooms were shaped as a hierarchical sequence, accentuating the importance of the sacred space and of the Land Court room as the Land court was in the hands of high aristocracy. At the same time, the double edicule of the room used spiral columns and twisted pilasters, suggesting the king’s role as a new Solomon — the guarantor of peace and justice for the kingdom. The spiral columns of the Solomon’s Temple were represented in a row of artifacts including the illustration from Schedel’s Weltchronik which could be easily accessible to the patrons of the building. As an immediate inspiration could serve the monument to Vladislav’s rival Matthias Corvinus created at the end of the 1480s at Matthias’ castle in Bautzen.

Vladislavský sál (ca. 1490-1502) ve Starém královském paláci na Pražském hradě je modernímu bádání dobře znám a náleží k ikonám středověké architektury v Evropě. Navzdory tomu nebyly složité vztahy mezi jeho formou a funkcí nikdy uspokojivě vysvětleny. Překvapující je zde zejména skutečnost, že sál byl vybudován v době, kdy český král nesídlil v Praze. Vladislav z dynastie Jagellonců (českým králem od roku 1471) byl roku 1490 zvolen uherským králem a od té doby sídlil v Budíně, sídle svého někdejšího rivala — zesnulého uherského krále Matyáše Korvína. Domnívám se, že prostorová struktura Starého královského paláce fixovala mocenskou strukturu, jež byla vytvořena v tomto období jagellonské vlády. Místnosti sousedící s Vladislavským sálem byly využívány pro zasedání Zemského soudu, jenž byl od konce osmdesátých let 15. století nejdůležitější soudní institucí v zemi, komorního soudu a dvorského soudu, zatímco na východ od Vladislavského sálu stála kaple Všech svatých. Portály vedoucí ke kapli a k soudním místnostem byly navrženy jako hierarchická struktura zdůrazňující důležitost sakrálního prostoru a Zemského soudu, jenž byl v rukách nejvyšší šlechty. Zdvojená edikula portálu zároveň dostala točité pilastry a polosloupy, naznačující královu roli coby nového Šalamouna — záruky míru a spravedlnosti v království. Točité sloupy Šalamounova chrámu, které zde sloužily jako inspirace, byly reprodukovány řadou artefaktů včetně ilustrace ze Schedelovy Světové kroniky, jež byla snadno dosažitelná pro objednavatele stavby. Přímou inspirací pak mohl být památník Vladislavova soupeře Matyáše Korvína na jeho hradu v Budyšíně vytvořený na konci osmdesátých let 15. století.

The Persistence of Poetry in Karel Teige’s Outlook

67%

Silverman T.

nr 36

64-78

Karel Teige’s enduring interest in the essence of poetry may help explain the outward promotion of his 1920s textual-visual works in contrast to his more muted treatment of the Surrealist photomontage collages that he produced from 1935 to 1951. Teige, a central figure of the Czechoslovak avantgarde, demonstrated throughout his voluminous theoretical pieces a continuous fixation on poetry. He wrote and published rationales for his earlier textual-visual works, yet left a lack thereof concerning his 374 Surrealist photomontages. Though Teige declared himself a Surrealist in 1934, Surrealism may not have interested him in the same way as Czechoslovak Poetism or the implementation of aesthetic concepts borrowed from his counterparts in Russia and Germany. In this essay, Teige’s proclamations about pictorial matters, poetry, modern art ideologies, typography, and the ‘inner model’ theory have been applied towards his pre-Surrealist, textual-visual works, in contradistinction to his later photomontages, to suggest why he did not promulgate the latter artworks to the same extent as the former. Examples of his 1920s picture poems in a lucid Poetist style present harmonized layouts of words, symbols, and cut-outs arranged into semiotic order. As a typographer, Teige stressed the importance of the ‘nature, rhythm, and flow’ of poetic texts, and his works also reveal careful reflection on the design of graphemes. It is, however, his fascination with linguistic matters, e.g. poetry and letters — a matter in which many of his Surrealist collages appear not to have taken much interest — that remains most obscure, lacking any contextual explanation. Suffused with fragmented corporeal forms and erotic imagery amid variegated scenery, Teige’s vivid post-1935 photomontages have drawn the attention and speculation of many art historians.