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Content available remote Spiking Neural Network Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory
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EN
This paper addresses the problem of effective processing using third generation neural networks. The article features two new models of spiking neurons based on the cusp catastrophe theory. The effectiveness of the models is demonstrated with an example of a network composed of three neurons solving the problem of linear inseparability of the XOR function. The proposed solutions are dedicated to hardware implementation using the Edge computing strategy. The paper presents simulation results and outlines further research direction in the field of practical applications and implementations using nanometer CMOS technologies and the current processing mode.
EN
The aim of this article is the identification of the occurrence mechanism of sudden quantitative changes in real-estate market prices, which were observed during the global financial crisis. Since such phenomena did not occur to such an intensity during previous crises, it can be assumed that a new economic dynamic type has emerged in real-estate markets. The most promising of the methods of studying such phenomena seems to be the bifurcation method and particularly the catastrophe theory. This study analyzes changes in the prices of residential property based on cusp catastrophes. Empirical data were fit to a stochastic cusp model to visualize the evolutionary path of real estate market. Two other popular models (linear and logistic) were also estimated to compare results. A comparative analysis proved that the cusp model can best explain structural price instabilities in real-estate markets. The results confirmed that the evolution of the real estate market combines two processes: long-term evolution in the area of non-degenerate stability and discontinuous changes in the area of degenerate stability. Structural changes take place in the system only in the area of degenerate stability. The theoretical and practical results show that the catastrophe theory may have predictive potential, which could support traditional methods of predicting changes on real estate markets.
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tom Z. 5
41--52
PL
Przedmiotem przedstawionych w artykule badań jest metoda kształtowania przestrzeni nazywana tutaj improwizacją architektoniczną1. W takim podejściu do projektowania kluczową rolę odgrywa tzw. intuicja ekspercka. Jest ona tutaj rozumiana jako forma pamiętania wzorców uprzednio zinternalizowanych i manipulowania nimi w celu znalezienia w szybki sposób efektywnego i innowacyjnego rozwiązania. Wielodziedzinowy przegląd literatury w zakresie psychologii, nauk kognitywnych, ekonomii, teorii architektury i estetyki oraz badania interpretacyjno-historyczne wraz z argumentacją logiczną umożliwiły konceptualizację znaczenia intuicji w procesie improwizacji architektonicznej.
EN
The subject of presented in the paper research is the method of spatial design, which is here called architectural improvisation. It covers issues related to the design approach, which focuses on activating the mechanisms of expert intuition. It is understood here as a form of remembering previously internalized patterns and manipulating them in order to quickly find an effective and innovative solution. A multidisciplinary review of the literature in the field of psychology, cognitive sciences, economics, architectural theory and aesthetics as well as interpretative and historical research together with logical argumentation enabled conceptualization of the meaning of intuition in the process of architectural improvisation.
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