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Social-Psychological Analysis of Crime Determination as a Theoretical Basis for Reduction Measures Elabration

100%

Pastushenia A.

tom 3(2)

227-240

In the article the author analyses the state of crime determination theory. In criminological works an explanation of crime as a social phenomenon is connected with understanding it as secondary against other social phenomena and is aimed at discovering the conditions and causes engendering it. Since cause-and-effect framework took the main place in crime theory new data on particular cases concerning determination of various types of crime in modern conditions has been accumulated and the level of elaboration of a theoretical and methodological base for explanation has still stayed unchanged. The author believes that criminogenic defects of social legal conscience are internal determinants of crime in society. In modern theoretical works general explanation schemes of crime cause and effect are retained and that doesn’t help the science to advance a solution of concrete practical tasks. The author assumes that ensuring social justice has got a particular influence on estimated possibilities for satisfaction of needs and lawful interests. Justice becomes the major value in people’s relations and is appreciated according to the presence of equal opportunities in labour payments, education, medical help or other spheres of social welfare as well as an adherence to the principle of remuneration due to quality and quantity of labour. The article presents theoretical and methodological rules which may serve to help the next step in development and concrete definition of crime determination. The author shows a social mechanism of crime based on social-psychological analysis of its factors.

The Roots and Specifics of Juvenile Delinquency among Romany People in Slovakia

75%

Hroncová J.

tom 7

72-78

This contribution deals with the roots and specifics of young Romany criminality in Slovakia after 1989. Among specific features of Romany criminality are a high criminality involvement of children, juveniles, and women. Romany people hold a higher proportion of property, moral, and violent criminality in comparison with the majority of society.

New psychoactive substances. The phenomenon development and the institutional and legal mechanisms for its prevention

63%

Semków D.

nr 1(40)

45-64

The phenomenon observed in many countries for many years is an attempt to bypass the law by launching psychoactive substances on the market whose possession and sale is not regulated by the existing drug law. The number of chemically and biologically modified substances is dramatically increasing and the substances themselves are increasingly stronger and threatening people’s health and lives. Issues relating to the occurrence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are the subject of increasingly in-depth analyses. In connection with the steadily increasing number of NPS and their substantial availability, there are more and more doubts about the effectiveness of the model adopted in earlier years in Europe and in individual countries, whose purpose is to subject new psychoactive substances to legal control. Based on the information presented in the article, one can assume that the reason for the development of new psychoactive substances to date was, on the one hand, the weakness of the legal regulations in force, both national and international, and on the other, specialized technical and chemical capabilities of manufacturers. Another thesis that can be put in the context of the studied subject is the statement that the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances has a high criminogenic susceptibility and is a decisively negative phenomenon, classified as the pathology of social life. In view of the above, the activities of prevention, detection and control of new psychoactive substances are important in the process of effective fight against NPS. The article does not constitute a comprehensive and complex overview of what NPS are. The aim of the study is a multifaceted analysis of the phenomenon of such substances, which will allow for a deeper understanding of the causes of such a wide scale of NPS, their diversity and ease of accessibility. Considering the above, the article attempts to stress the priority issues according to the article’s author and which are crucial in the process of universally understood NPS prevention – i.e. international cooperation, national legal regulations, and chemical analyses conducted in forensic laboratories.