Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

State Protection for the Participants of Criminal Proceedings in the Russian Federation

100%

Zaytsev O.

|

2011

|

tom 3(2)

147-156

EN

This article covers the problematic questions concerning safety of the participants of the criminal procedure. Russia’s integration into the main international pacts and conventions have the effect of forcing the country into bringing the law to accordance with international and European rules in terms of ensuring safety of participants of the criminal procedure. This requires introducing appropriate processes to allow the realization of international standards and principles having in mind the peculiarities of the development of the country’s legal system. The main topic of this article is the theoretical and legal basis of state protection of participants of the criminal procedure in the Russian Federation. The author notes that in the middle 90s of the last century influencing the parties of the criminal procedure spread to other categories of criminal cases, making it a large socio-legal problem. This includes not only the witnesses, victims and other individuals involved in the process, but also judges, prosecutors and investigators, in connection with their professional actions. Russian academics were forced to draw on the experience of other countries of successfully running institutions and mechanisms that guarantee securing the rights and freedoms of witnesses, victims and other parties of the criminal procedure. On the basis of material gathered concerning the issue of safety of those connected with the trial-investigation process, the author proposes the priority branches of research in this domain.

2

Basic principles of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings under Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine

100%

Rohatiuk I.

|

2016

|

tom 8(1)

111-122

EN

Principles have always been the cornerstones of the legal regulation of criminal proceedings affecting all participants of criminal process. Taking into account the accelerated pace of current law enforcement reformation, it is necessary to mention the institution of the prosecution and the key role of the principles of criminal proceedings when presenting the scientific background for further empirical findings. The majority of these principles define the priority directions of growth in the criminal process as well as create a favourable environment for the behavioural aspects of the parties to criminal proceedings. This article provides a comparative analysis of the existing criminal procedural principles of the prosecutor’s role in the criminal proceedings with the specification of the legality principle as a requirement for all subjects of the criminal proceedings, including the prosecutor, to use the norms and provisions of legal acts correctly, to comply with them consistently and to act precisely in accordance with them. It explores the historical origins of these principles and their determinants’ origin starting from the times of Kievan Rus and its unique judicial system and proves that the adversarial principle is closely connected with the dispositivity of the prosecutor’s participation in the criminal proceeding. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between the ‘principles’ and ‘foundations’ terms examined by Ukrainian and Soviet scholars and its application in relation to the newly adopted Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine.

3

The Issue of Polygraph Tests in Poland

100%

Wazny A.

|

2011

|

tom 3(1)

223-231

EN

The article presents the issue of polygraph tests in Poland. It discusses the law in Poland concerning the use of the polygraph, and concentrates on Polish legal situation described in articles 192a and 199a of Polish Penal Code. In view of the Polish Penal Code law, passed on the 6th of January 1997, the issue of the use of the polygraph is controversial, and the position of the doctrine – divided and fragmented. The judicature in this matter is failing to respond to the issues presented. However, the fundamental doubts about the legitimacy or legality of the use of ‘lie detector’ in Polish lawsuits were rejected. It happened after the introduction of the criminal procedural law, which makes it possible to conduct polygraph tests on the basis of the amendment of the 10th of January 2003. The author presents the view that the tests conducted by the polygraph and their results are ancillary, indirect and should not be treated as a substitute for independent evidence. The article compares Polish legal regulations to similar regulations existing in systems of many European countries, and is concluded with a summary presenting final thoughts on the issue, such as the necessity of the consent of the person undergoing polygraph tests.

4

Errors that Occur During the Preliminary Investigation: the Essence, Nature and Types

100%

Kramarienko V.

|

2011

|

tom 3(1)

209-221

EN

In this article the author analyzes the definition and the nature of investigative errors. Complexity of a preliminary criminal investigation demands quite a high level of professionalism and experience from the investigator and, on the other hand, may lead to both impair of the investigation efficiency as a whole and to the unfitness for court trial. The special scientific literature shows the historic development of different approaches to the definition of an investigative error most essential of which are scrutinized, and the importance of evolving a unified definition is recognized. Summarizing advantages and disadvantages of functioning definitions the author suggests one of his own basing it on the situational approach which he considers the most effective way to implement the theoretical knowledge about the investigative error as well as recommendation to avoid them into practice. The dynamic nature of investigative situations and the subjective and objective conditions are also taken into consideration as factors influencing the errors. A unified definition helps analyzing the existing types of errors and, as a result, suggesting the basis for a unified classification of them. The author used the historical and comparative analysis, situational approach and simulation as well as the structural approach while preparing the material.

5

Modern Criminal Procedure Policy of the Russian Federation (Development Prospects)

100%

Zaytsev O.

|

2013

|

tom 5(1)

85-94

EN

The article analyzes a number of legal sources of the Russian Federation devoted to criminal law and criminal procedure policies; it identifies and summarizes information about the development of theoretical thought on the matter. The author presents three presidential legislative packages, which include a new criminal legal strategy expressing qualitative changes in Russian society and satisfying the need for its modernization and development. The author observes that in the last ten years criminal procedure policy has undergone major changes, which have become an integral part of the judicial system modernization process and the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation. The reforms concerned criminal procedure institutions connected to the reorganization of the inquiry, the creation of the Investigation Committee, the prosecutor’s powers, the use of measures of restraint, initiation of criminal proceedings on tax crimes, dismissal of criminal proceedings (prosecution) of economic crimes, changes in supervisory procedures, development of conciliation procedures. Also, increased attention in the article is paid to the content, the main features and trends in modern criminal procedure policy. Early discussions and the practical application of the criminal procedure legislation showed that the Russian legal community reacted rather ambiguously to a number of its innovations. The legal community has divided into supporters, who generally approve of the CPC, in favor of “Americanization” of the Russian Criminal Procedure and opponents of many innovations, advocating the preservation of the existing domestic criminal process in line with the continental tradition, characteristic not only for the Russian Federation but also for a number of European countries. The author states that since the implementation of the CPC until the present time, both academics and practitioners have expressed a great deal of justified criticism about it.

6

Freedom of Individual and Its Limits in European Judicial Space

100%

Banach-Gutierrez J.

|

2014

|

tom 6(1)

207-222

EN

This paper explores a question of freedom, as fully recognised right granted to all individualsin accordance with a rule of law, which is characteristic for the democratic societies. It indicates somelimits of freedom and aims of such application in reference to activity of individuals, taking intoaccount the right to respect for private life, protection of personal data and application of biometry.The main noticeable aspect in this respect is that freedom, as a fundamental right of individuals doesnot have its absolute character. It is limited by freedoms of other persons, for the general interestsof community, as a whole. The discussion is focused in perspective of European judicial space.A special emphasis is placed on the use of new techniques or technology of surveillance, in the fightagainst criminality The discussed question seems to be crucial with regard to the European Union(EU) security strategies in creating of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) in the interestsof the ‘European citizens’. Each individual should enjoy his right, for example to respect private rightor protection of personal data, as it is granted under CHFR. In the context of the EU law, its normsshall be adopted and applied in the interests of the ‘European citzens’. This approach seems to becompatible with a general trend in international law towards global justice for human security.

7

Biegły psycholog a odebranie i ocena zeznań małoletniego świadka w procesie karnym

100%

Żylińska J.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

|

2013

|

tom 30

155 - 172

EN

Evidence of an underage witness may play a vital role in criminal proceedings in ascertaining the circumstances of an incident. The achievement of this goal is undoubtedly determined by the way a child is questioned — a way that takes into account the procedural and tactical rules of questioning juveniles, bearing in mind the psychological aspects of the formation of underage witness’ testimony. What is also important is a critical approach to its credibility. All this requires active participation of an expert psychologist who can assess the witness’ personality, observation and reconstruction skills, and thus can provide the relevant institution with additional material which can be used to evaluate the credibility of the evidence of an underage witness.

8

Problems Involved in Protecting Participants of Criminal Proceedings in the Investigation of Crimes Committed by Organized Groups

100%

Shepitko V. , Shur B.

|

2011

|

tom 3(1)

233-240

EN

This article reviews the security issues for members of criminal process. The authors believe that the fight against organized crime increases the role of security threats, complicates the state of protection of rights of the individual in criminal proceedings. The article emphasizes that in recent years criminal procedure and criminological literature has paid some attention to problems of securing members of the criminal process. In particular, they considered issues related to the concept and types of security measures, procedural order of making decisions about providing such security, its guarantees, etc. In addition, some attention was also given to consideration of key terms associated with these problems such as: “security”, “danger”, “ensure”, “safety of carriers of evidentiary information”, “object of protection”, “subject of protection”, etc. However, the problem of tactics of ensuring safety of participants of the criminal procedure requires further development and implementation in practice of criminal justice bodies. The authors believe that ensuring security can go beyond the stages of criminal proceedings, protection of certain persons may not be limited to the period of a criminal investigation or trial of criminal cases.The authors present a legislative solution introduced in Ukraine at present. The article presents the results of the survey of investigators and prosecutors of MIA of Ukraine on certain tactics in choosing and applying measures ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings. Tactical originality of elected safety measures was proven.In addition, attention was paid to the specifics of security measures to the participants of the process in the investigation of crimes committed by organized criminal groups.

9

Current Development of the European Arrest Warrant: Strengthening the Procedural Rights of Requested Persons

100%

Klimek L.

|

2013

|

tom 5(1)

35-52

EN

The European arrest warrant is operational throughout all Member States of the European Union. Despite its operational success, the surrender procedure is far from perfect. In order to strengthening the rights of requested persons in the surrender procedure, new legislative measures have been adopted. Two legislative measures have been adopted so far, namely: a Directive 2010/64/EU on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, strengthening the right to interpretation and translation in the surrender procedure, and a Directive 2012/13/EU on the right to information in criminal proceedings, strengthening the right to information and introducing a Letter of Rights in EAW proceedings. In addition to that, the European Commission introduced a Proposal for a Directive on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and on the rightto communicate upon arrest. As is obvious, the paper deals with strengthening the procedural rights of requested persons under the European arrest warrant in the surrender procedure. It is divided into four sections. The first section is focused on general issues whilst the second section is focused on the right to interpretation and translation, the third section is focused on the right to information. In addition to that, the fourth section introduces knowledge in the field of the right of access to a lawyer.

10

Former and Current Concepts of the Pre-Trial Investigation Organization

100%

Navickienė Ž.

|

2013

|

tom 5(1)

173-186

EN

The article analyzes the concept and content of the pre-trial investigation organization. Based on the various approaches to the subject, the author compares former and current concepts of the pre-trial investigation organization. Despite the fact that an agreed approach to the elements of the pre-trial investigation organization has not been defined, the concept and content of this process is observable. The current changing content of the pre-trial investigation organization does not only include the elements of an organizational and technical character. The modern concept of the pre-trial investigation organization adopts a much wider approach — inherent in this process is a synthesis of multi-complex elements and these include key principles of modern management, educology, criminal procedure, and criminalistics. Therefore it is possible to predicate a coherence between the modern concept of the pre-trial investigation organization and indicators related to the quality of the pre-trial investigation organization — not only cooperation of the participants in the pre-trial investigation but also their competence and qualification. The aspects identified within the content of the modern concept of the pre-trial investigation organisation provide reasonable assumptions for the construction of a model of the organization of the pre-trial investigation. The creation and application of such a model may in the future have an adaptive nature, meaning that it would facilitate optimisation of the process of the pre-trial investigation organisation — organise work in pre-trial investigation units more effectively by means of cooperation, avoid conflict in the powers of pre-trial investigators and prosecutors, adjust the mechanism of determination of pre-trial investigation participants’ qualification and competence, characterised by a requirement for obligatory qualificats, and the primacy of professional activity.

11

The Problems and Limits of Fair Credibility Assessment in German Criminal Law. Discussion about Systematization and Improvement of the procedure of Credibility Assessment

100%

Zöhner M.

|

2011

|

tom 3(2)

105-130

EN

The role of an expert in a criminal proceeding is disputable. On the one hand, the expert’s “monopoly” is criticized, namely the fact that the judge’s responsibility is reduced because they have to trust in the expert’s specialist conclusion. On the other hand, the expertise process is analyzed as a whole by psychologists and non-experts not only from the methodical point of view but also in terms of its contents. The diagnostic process of the credibility assessment requires an enormous cognitive accomplishment of the expert. This is the result of the complexity of the expertise task because there exists no valid theory of credibility, which could link psychologically meaningful constructs in a universally valid law. For that reason, experts have to adapt themselves to a variety of small laws (so called indicators). Added to the high complexity of the credibility assessment there are also high demands on the court in respect of the quality of the expert. On the one hand, the expert has to observe the legal and ethical frameworks and act in a structured and scientific way. On the other hand, his or her way of thinking has to be flexible and self-critical. The problems of the credibility assessment raise the question of how exactly the expert assessment proceeds and where do its borders lie. Then the identification of its borders can contribute to more transparency and with that to the improvement of the expert assessment’s quality. This article deals not only with the difficulties of credibility assessment but also with the possibilities of the systematization and improvement of the credibility assessment’s procedure. First of all, the judge’s expertise and the expert’s position in the criminal proceeding are explained. Afterwards the complex diagnostic process of the credibility proceeding is explained. Then the author explains problems and limite of the credibility proceedings and their consequences within the practical application of the credibility proceeding. Finally, several possibilities that can contribute to improvements in quality are discussed.

12

Implementation of the Functions of Prosecution in a Criminal Case: Historical and Legal Analysis

100%

Yuldoshev R.

|

2012

|

tom 4(1)

41-54

EN

In this article the author considers problems of the relations, interaction and mutual transitions of the function of prosecution under criminal investigation. Criminal prosecution was not procedurally established previously in the implementation of UPK RТ (1961). Instead, the procedure for the initiation of a criminal case was fixed. From the fact that this is new, it is possible to assume that, since April 1st 2010, its application will cause problems. Firstly, it is caused by an outdated legal base in this area, and secondly, a deficiency in the methodical maintenance by law enforcement bodies to investigate criminal cases of the private, private-public and public prosecution. The urgency of the chosen topic is not in question, as it is, in turn starting with UUS 1864г, and currently doesn't cease to be controversial, both in theory and practice of the application of legislation of the legal institutes. Thus, various opinions, statements of outstanding eminent scientists on the above issues, their analysis, processing and corresponding conclusions are considered. In passing, also considered is the question on a parity of criminal prosecution, implementation of the criminal case and implementation of the criminal prosecution, and debate about the conclusions, the analysis of the insights of practitioners, statistics and a number of other questions connected with this topic, and also extensive analysis and consideration of the legal literature taking into account the historical and legal analysis.

13

Daktyloskopia w praktyce organów ścigania

88%

Bednarski L.

|

2012

|

tom X

|

nr 2

9-19

EN

The paper deals with the problem of usability of traces of fingerprints in the practice of law enforcement organs. The author pays particular attention to this type of traces as individually typical of each human being, reminding that they are traces which each offender leaves on the scene of crime. Their usability does not only allow channeling the identification of the offender who has left the trace, but also offers the possibility of identification of the corpse that cannot be identified upon external examination for different reasons (e.g. dismemberment of the corpse). Moreover, the author draws attention to the diminishing of the possibility of taking advantage of dactyloscopy in fighting crime, which followed as a result of changes to the Act of Police in the part relating to systematic enriching the collections of fingerprint files with copies of individual fingers (fingertips) used in the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). The paper is complemented with an illustration of the external appearance of a deceased person’s face, which excludes any possibility of identification of the corpse, and instances of positive dactyloscopic experts’ assessment.

14

New measures for the acceleration of criminal proceedings in Czech criminal law

75%

Ščerba F.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

|

2014

|

tom XCII (92)

169-183

PL

Artykuł zajmuje się ważnym problemem czeskiego sądownictwa w sprawach karnych, polegającym na przewlekłości postępowania. Występowanie tego problemu stało się podstawą działań legislacyjnych zmierzających do wprowadzenia nowych form skróconych procedur. Poprawki do Kodeksu Postępowania Karnego Republiki Czeskiej (Akt Nr 141/1961 Coll.) zostały wprowadzone zarówno z powodu nowych rodzajów postępowań karnych przewidzianych w czeskim prawie karnym (np. warunkowe umorzenie postępowania związane z zakazem działalności), jak też z powodu środka nazwanego porozumieniem co do winy i kary w formie tzw. ugody obrończej (plea bargaining). Artykuł analizuje zalety i wady nowych rozwiązań (np. zgodność z podstawowymi zasadami czeskiego postępowania karnego), jak również problemy z ich regulacjami prawnymi i perspektywami zastosowania w praktyce. Czeskie doświadczenia z nowymi formami skrócenia procedur karnych mogą być użyteczne jako inspiracja oraz porównanie dla specjalistów zagranicznych

15

Mediacja w sprawach karnych i nieletnich w prawie europejskim

75%

Broński W.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

|

2013

|

tom 23

|

nr 2

7-21

EN

Mediation is an integral part of contemporary criminal law. It represents an implementation of restorative justice elements in penal policy. This allows the victim of a crime to be perceived no longer solely as a means of proof, but he or she becomes a lawful subject of criminal procedure, whose rights must be respected by everyone and whose interests must be fully protected. This paper, after presenting the idea of restorative justice, reviews European regulations on mediation in criminal cases firstly and in cases which include minors secondly.

16

Ochrona danych osobowych świadka w świetle obowiązku składania zeznań na rozprawie głównej

63%

Boniec-Błaszyk D. , Dobrzańska S.

|

2017

|

nr 7

41-58

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest problem ochrony danych osobowych świadka w kontekście obowiązku składania przez niego zeznań na rozprawie głównej w polskim procesie karnym. Analiza obejmuje zarówno problematykę związaną z rolą świadka w procesie karnym, jak i zakresu dostępu do danych osobowych w toku rozprawy głównej, a także relacji, jaka zachodzi między zasadą jawności postępowania a zasadą ochrony danych osobowych. Przedstawiono także instytucje, których obowiązywanie w procesie karnym przyczynia się do ochrony danych osobowych świadka, zarówno w bezpośredni jak i pośredni sposób. Wskazano również, na zagrożenia jakie niesie za sobą obecnie dostrzegalna, w polskiej procedurze karnej, tendencja do zwiększania zakresu jawności postępowania oraz dostępu mediów do relacjonowania jego przebiegu, w kontekście ochrony danych osobowych.

EN

The subject matter of this article is the protection of personal data of a witness in the context of obligation to testify on the main trial in the Polish criminal proceedings. The analysis pertains to the role of the witness in criminal proceedings, the scope of access to personal data in the course of the main trial, and relation between the principle of open proceedings and the principle of personal data protection. Additionally, the article presents the institutions which have both direct and indirect impact on the protection of personal data of a witness in the criminal proceedings. The article also indicates threats to personal data protection caused by the tendency to increase the openness of court proceedings and media access to report them, which can be observed in the Polish criminal procedure.

17

Zatrzymanie osoby przez funkcjonariusza Straży Granicznej

63%

Bartnik M.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

|

2012-2013

|

tom 8-9

|

nr 1: Prawo

163-181

PL

Zatrzymanie osoby jest środkiem przymusu polegającym na krótkotrwałym pozbawieniu wolności. Straż Graniczna może dokonać zatrzymania tylko i wyłącznie w sytuacjach przewidzianych w ustawie z dnia 12 października 1990 r. o Straży Granicznej. Będące jednym z uprawnień funkcjonariuszy zatrzymanie osoby chociaż ingeruje w konstytucyjne prawo do wolności, to ani czas zatrzymania, ani sposób traktowania zatrzymanego nie mogą stwarzać zatrzymanemu nadmiernych, a tym bardziej zamierzonych uciążliwości. Stosowanie środka przymusu w postaci zatrzymania osoby może być dokonane tylko i wyłącznie w granicach przewidzianych przez ustawę.

EN

Detention of a person is a coercive measure consisting in short-term deprivation of liberty. Border Guard can make a stop only in the cases provided for in the Act of 12 October 1990. Border Guard. Being one of the powers of the officers arrest a person even interferes with the constitutional right to freedom, it is not the time to stop, or the treatment of the detainee can not create a detainee excessive, and the more deliberate nuisance. the use of coercive measure in the form of detention of a person can be made only within the limits provided for by law.

18

Stosowanie kontroli operacyjnej w toku postępowania karnego

63%

Tomkiewicz M.

Roczniki Nauk Prawnych

|

2016

|

tom 26

|

nr 4

117-136

PL

Niejawną ingerencję władzy publicznej w konstytucyjnie chronioną wolność i tajemnicę komunikowania się dopuszczają przepisy dotyczące kontroli procesowej i operacyjnej. Każda z tych kontroli ma własną specyfikę: kontrolę operacyjną regulują przepisy pozakodeksowe zawarte w ustawach regulujących prace poszczególnych służb specjalnych natomiast kontrola procesowa zawarta jest w Kodeksie postępowania karnego. Kontrolę operacyjną stosuje się (co do zasady) przed, a kontrolę procesową po, wszczęciu postępowania karnego. Czy jednak moment wszczęcia postępowania karnego jest cezurą, która – według obowiązujących przepisów – rzeczywiście winna determinować charakter kontroli? Czy dopuszczalne jest zarządzenie kontroli operacyjnej pomimo wszczęcia postępowania, czy też w takim układzie sytuacyjnym kontrola operacyjna staje się sprzeczna z ustawą? Jakie są wzajemne relacje pomiędzy tymi dwiema formami kontroli i czy wszystko w tej materii jest jasne i żadnych wątpliwości nie budzi? Artykuł ten poprzez analizę przepisów dotyczących kontroli operacyjnej i procesowej zawiera próbę odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.

EN

Undisclosed public authority’sinterference in constitutionally protected freedom and confidentiality of communications is allowed by provisions concerning procedural control and operational control. Each of these controls has its own specificity: the operational control is regulated by the non-code provisions contained in the acts that regulate works of individual special forces and the procedural control is contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Operational control is being applied (in general) before and the procedural control is being applied after the initiation of criminal procedure. However, is the moment of criminal procedure’s initiation a censorship, which – according to the relevant legislation – should determine control’s character? Is it allowed to order the operational control in spite of procedure’s initiation or the operational control is against the law in this situation? What are the mutual relations between those two types of control and is everything about this issue obvious and not in doubt? Through the analysis of the provisions that concerns the operational and procedural control this article attempts to answer the questions above.

19

Tajemnica spowiedzi świętej w prawie kanonicznym, polskim procesie cywilnym i karnym

63%

Pieróg M.

Studia Paradyskie

|

2015

|

nr 25

169-180

PL

Opracowanie jest próbą usystematyzowania funkcjonowania instytucji tajemnicy spowiedzi w polskim systemie prawnym i jego wpływu na prawo procesowe. W pierwszej kolejności autor wskazuje na uregulowania obowiązujące na gruncie prawa kościelnego, a następnie określa istotę indywidualnej spowiedzi i w jaki sposób kształtuje ona procedowanie przed polskimi sądami powszechnymi. W kolejnej części analizie poddane zostają kwestie ściśle związane z przesłuchaniem kapłana w charakterze świadka na okoliczności, o których powziął wiedzę w trakcie sakramentu spowiedzi na gruncie procesu karnego, gdzie ta okoliczność stanowi absolutny zakaz dowodowy. Z kolei proces cywilny przewiduje jedynie, iż informacje objęte tajemnicą spowiedzi stanowią jedynie podstawę do odmowy składania zeznań. W ostatniej części autor wskazuje na korelację między przepisami polskiego ustawodawcy i unormowaniami kodeksu prawa kanonicznego.

EN

Develop an attempt to systematize the functioning of the institution secret confession in the Polish legal system and its impact on procedural law. The first attempts to define this structure to indicate the regulations then in canon law. Are then discussed the various regulations in the Code of Criminal Procedure, where the priest hearing the circumstances are subject to an absolute prohibition of confession evidence and the Code of Civil Procedure, where the secret of confession is the only basis for refusing to testify by a cleric listened as a witness. In the final part the author indicates the correlations between the laws of the Polish legislator, and unormowaniami law code of canon law.

20

Ochrona prawa do prywatności a relacjonowanie przebiegu rozprawy głównej w polskim procesie karnym

63%

Dobrzańska S.

Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM

|

2016

|

nr 6

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest problem ochrony prawa do prywatności w polskim procesie karnym w kontekście relacjonowania przebiegu rozprawy głównej przez media. Analizie zostały poddane zarówno warunki dopuszczalności relacjonowania rozprawy, przedmiot ingerencji, jak i podmioty, których prawo do prywatności może być naruszone w toku relacjonowania rozprawy głównej przez media. Prawo do prywatności jest współcześnie chronione nie tylko przez normy prawa cywilnego, ale również przez prawo konstytucyjne, stąd obowiązek przestrzegania i poszanowania prawa do prywatności ciąży także na organach prowadzących postępowanie karne. Jak wynika z zamieszonych w artykule rozważań, możliwe jest pogodzenie pozornie sprzecznych celów procesu karnego z koniecznością poszanowania prawa do prywatności, a sfera prywatna jednostek podlega ochronie również w procesie karnym. Wśród zagrożeń dla efektywnej ochrony prawa od prywatności należy jednak wskazać brak sankcji za złamanie zakazu publikacji danych osobowych czy wizerunku, którego nie przewidują ani normy prawa karnego ani prawa prasowego.

EN

The subject of this thesis focuses on an issue of privacy protection in the light of the coverage of the court main hearing by the media in the Polish criminal proceedings. The article examines both the conditions permitting the coverage of the trial, the subject of interference and the entities whose right to privacy may be violated in the course of the trial coverage by the media during criminal proceedings. Since the right to the privacy is currently protected not only by provisions of the civil law but also by the constitutional law, the obligation to observe and respect it also burdens the authorities conducting criminal proceedings. The research concludes that it is possible to reconcile seemingly conflicting objectives of the criminal proceedings, at the same time respecting the right to privacy. It is so because the sphere of one’s privacy is also protected in the criminal proceedings. The effective protection of the right to privacy is threatened with the lack of sanctions for breaching the ban on publication of personal details or image, which is not stipulated in the criminal law or the press law.