Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Kilka uwag o odpowiedzialności karnej kierownika podmiotu odpowiedzialnego albo jednostki organizacyjnej takiego podmiotu za naruszenie obowiązku złożenia wniosku o wszczęcie postępowania wyjaśniającego

100%

Ochman P.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2012

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tom 28

89-108

EN

The article deals with a relatively new issue of the responsibility of the head of the responsible executive or an organisational unit of it for the breach of the obligation to submit a request for an inquiry. This issue became particularly interesting after the entry into force of the Act on Financial Liability of Public Officers for Gross Violations of Law, due to its introduction into the Polish legal system, a special legal regulation which is the basis for prosecution in this field. The author presents the relationship between the breach of the duty of an administrative obligation and criminal liability of persons obliged to submit a request for an inquiry into the rights of recourse in the case of payment of compensation by the State, unit of local government or other legal entity. The author analyses the problems indicated above, not only from the standpoint of the validity of the adoption of specific dogmatic solutions, but also in terms of their compliance with the rules of the criminal legislation.

2

Bigamia w polskim prawie karnym

100%

Charko D.

Studia Ełckie

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2012

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tom 14

485-492

EN

Bigamy is a crime threatening the regularity of family functioning, whose basis, due to the cul-tural tradition and Polish law, makes monogamy marriage. In his article the author presents the origin of the bigamy crime and its statutory hallmarks. It is shown who, in what circumstances, and with fulfilling which conditions, can commit bigamy crime, as well as the statistic depiction of the crime has been presented.

3

O prawie karnym pod okupacją radziecką (1939—1945).

80%

Lityński A.

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2013

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tom 6(14)

151-173

EN

About a half of the territory of the Second Republic of Poland was under the occupation of the USSR after 17 September 1939, as a result of the Russian aggression and German-Russian agreement. The Soviet law was imposed on the territories occupied and included into the USSR right away. Polish citizens were massively repressed, and, typically of the communist system — to a large extent with the use of the criminal law and courts. However, the majority was “judged” in absentia and not by the court, but an administrative body, namely the body appointed by the secret body, it being NKWD. In such a way, during the meeting of the Political Bureau of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks a decision on murdering 26 thousand officers and other Polish prisoners in prisoner camps and USSR prisons was made. After USSR aggression on Poland on 17 September 1939, deportations, arresting, tortures in the course of inquiries, and executing Polish citizens, above all Poles, continued incessantly until the outbreak of the German- Russian war on 22 June 1941. Whole families were transported to Siberia, usually distanced from men. Careful calculations these days reach about 500 thousand people of the Polish nationality killed or died on the Eastern Borderland. At the end of the war and right after it, at least 85-100 thousand Poles (excluding former Polish citizens of other nationalities) were repressed in the territories belonging to the Second Republic of Poland from January 1944 to the end of 1940s.

4

Karnoprawna dopuszczalność zabiegów adaptacyjnych − stan obecny i proponowane regulacje

80%

Kubiak R. , Katedra Prawa Karnego W. P. i. A.

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EN

Under the present Polish law there are no provisions to regulate directly reassignment surgery. However, it is indirectly accepted as legal because administrative and civil law activities in files of the birth and death register much depend on it. In other jurisdictions conditions of such medical surgery are not determined, either. From the penal law point of view the surgery may result in meeting a definition of a crime of heavy damage to one’s health. In consequence a person may be deprived of procreation capacity which corresponds to a description of an act punishable under art. 156 § 1 p. 1 of the Polish penal code. This study is an analysis of the problem and suggests legal potential solutions to the issues discussed here.

5

Warunkowe zawieszenie wykonania kary — geneza instytucji i jej ujęcie w polskim kodeksie karnym z 1932 roku

80%

Pasek A.

Prawo

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2013

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nr 315/2

161 - 173

EN

This elaboration deals with the regulation of the conditional suspension of the execution of a penalty in the Polish Penal Code of 1932. The genesis of the institution, legal provisions in force in Poland before the enactment of the Penal Code of 1932 and the rules contained in the draft prepared by the Section of the Criminal Law of the Codification Committee of the Polish Republic, based on a report prepared by Juliusz Makarewicz, were presented in the article. It has been shown that the institution of conditional suspension of the execution of a penalty in the Polish Penal Code of 1932 was formed on the basis of in-depth considerations, taking into account the achievements of European doctrine of law and legislation. During its regulation not only a popular on the European continent Franco-Belgian system, but also the indigenous experience of the validity of particular laws in the areas previously held by the former partitioning powers was used. The rules of conditional suspension of the execution of a penalty developed by Polish lawyers, constituted an important element in accordance with the demands of sociological individualization school of criminal responsibility.

6

Karnoprawne i administracyjnoprawne przepisy dotyczące reklamy produktów leczniczych

70%

Hachoł T. , Olszewski B.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2012

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tom 28

249-267

EN

The article describes the issues of advertising of medicinal products, which is defined as an activity based on informative and encouraging actions towards a medicinal product that aims to increase: the number of prescriptions, supply, sales and consumption of medicinal products. The advertisement is controlled by both administrative and penal regulations. The main concern is to establish the legal regulation so that the penal regulation may be applied only when the application of administrative law would not be sufficient. It is also a principal matter because the Constitution of the Republic of Poland states as a rule that the freedom of economic activity can be restricted only when an important public interest exists. The article also elaborates on the issue of the substitution of penal regulation by administrative regulation and the associated risks to principal guarantees of a subject, which engages in the activity of advertising medicinal products.

7

Przestępstwo pomówienia (zniesławienia) w teorii prawa karnego materialnego

70%

Mrozek J.

Studia Ełckie

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2012

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tom 14

525-539

EN

The article attempts to analyze the crime of slander (defamation) referred by the article 212 of the criminal law. At the beginning the author points out the object of protection against slander which embraces the good name of man, group of people, institutions, legal person or individual having no legal subjectivity. The concept of slander functions in everyday language as a synonym of the false accusation, i.e. the deliberate, false, unsupported attribution of specific, offending behaviour, which in fact did not happen. The slander consists in committing the crime of defamation, thus it has a nature of this crime. Secondly, the author analyses concepts concerning: the entity of an action that is prohibited, the signs identifying a result of causative action, the entity of an executive action, the signs of entity party, threats of punishment and penal measures, the confluence of acts and procedures for law enforcement. In the conclusion the author discusses circumstances excluding criminal responsibility for an accused action.

8

Propagowanie totalitaryzmu i nawoływanie do nienawiści (art. 256 Kodeksu karnego)

70%

Radziejewski, P.

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2012

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tom 1

121-135

EN

The paper deals with the provision of Article 256 of the Polish Penal Code. The author discusses the offences of public propagation of totalitarian forms of government, and offence of inciting to hatred on national, ethnic, racial or religious grounds and offences connected with objects with such content. The author pays particular attention to the controversial and unclear wording used in the above regulation and identifies possible amendments that could make the article more precise and effective.

9

NEW DIRECTIONS IN CRIMINAL LAW THE PRIMACY OF NON-CUSTODIAL PENALTIES AND THE COMPENSATORY FUNCTION

60%

Fibinger J. J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2016

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nr 4

98-124

EN

The paper is focused on the consequences of the amendment of the Penal Code provisions relating to the penalties, providing a theoretical background for the problems of penalties considered as a part of the Penal Code as well as indicating the current problems of judicial practice in that respect. Especially, the author focuses on the legislator’s assumptions, namely the introduction of the primacy of non-custodial penalties and the emphasis of the compensatory function of criminal law.

10

Fyzické násilí, státní autorita a trestní právo v českých zemích 1918–1923

60%

Šmidrkal V.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2016

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tom 114

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nr 1

89-115

EN

This article deals with the issues of physical violence and criminal law in Czechoslovakia immediately after World War One. It poses the question of how the state responded to an increase in criminality in terms of the criminal law and of the enforcement of the will of collective participants through violence. Based on the study of contemporary deliberations on a new legislature by lawyers, judges and legislators, this article researches the importance of newly adopted norms of criminal law, as well as proclamations of amnesties and granting pardons in order to strengthen the authority of the state and to consolidate the internal political situation.

11

Karnoprawna ochrona usług świadczonych drogą elektroniczną na zasadzie dostępu warunkowego

60%

Czyżak M.

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2009

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tom nr 1-2

49-56

PL

Przedstawiono karnoprawne oraz karnoadministracyjne aspekty odpowiedzialności z tytułu naruszenia uprawnień przedsiębiorców świadczących drogą elektroniczną usługi oparte lub polegające na dostępie warunkowym, w świetle obowiązującego prawodawstwa krajowego oraz unijnego. Wyjaśniono w szczególności pojęcie usług chronionych oraz zakres odpowiedzialności z tytułu świadczenia usług niedozwolonych oraz posiadania, używania, wytwarzania i wprowadzania do obrotu tzw. urządzeń niedozwolonych, tj. sprzętu lub oprogramowania zaprojektowanego lub przystosowanego do korzystania z usług chronionych bez uprzedniego upoważnienia usługodawcy.

EN

This article presents criminal and administrative aspects of liability for the breach of rights of undertakings providing services based on or consisting in conditional access in the light of current national and EU law. In particular, the concept of protected services as well as the scope of liability for providing prohibited services and for having, using, producing and placing on the market of the so called prohibited devices, i.e. equipment or software designed or adapted in order to use protected services without the service provider's prior authorization, have been explained.

12

Znaczenie klauzuli „wypadku mniejszej wagi” w polskim prawie karnym

60%

Doroszewska K.

Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM

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2016

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nr 6

PL

Artykuł dotyczy znaczenia klauzuli „wypadku mniejszej wagi” w polskim prawie karnym. Obecna regulacja tej instytucji budzi wiele wątpliwości, które mają niebagatelne znaczenie dla praktyki prawa karnego. Część przedstawicieli doktryny traktuje ją jak dyrektywę wymiaru kary, a część jak odrębny sposób tworzenia typu uprzywilejowanego. Wybranie jednego z powyższych ujęć prowadzi do rozbieżności w procesie stosowania prawa karnego materialnego, a także w procesie wymierzania kary dla sprawcy przestępstwa. W artykule dokonano przeglądu różnych sposobów rozumienia klauzuli „wypadku mniejszej wagi” oraz implikacji wynikających z ich przyjęcia. W podsumowaniu zawarto również postulat większego dookreślenia znaczenia tej klauzuli.

EN

The article discusses the meaning of “the act of a lesser significance” in the Polish criminal law. The existing interpretation of this institution raises many controversies which are of vital significance for the criminal law practice. Some representatives of the doctrine recognize it as a measure of a sentence, while the others as a separate manner of establishing a mitigated form of a crime. Selecting any of the above aspects leads to some discrepancies when practicing substantive criminal law and imposing a sentence for a perpetrator. The article covers an overview of diverse manners of understanding “the act of a lesser significance” and their possible further consequences. The conclusion of the article also includes a proposal to specify the meaning of the institution in question.

13

Istota kary kryminalnej

60%

Miłek K.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

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2008

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tom 4

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nr 1 Prawo

251-268

EN

The article is devoted to the issue of criminal penalty. This problem has been the subject of investigation of a antique representatives of various sciences, in particular, Philosophy and Law. During the development of philosophical and legal thinking on the nature of criminal punishment, there are two opposite views that exist today under the name of the absolute theory of punishment and the relative theory of punishment. The concepts of absolute theory proceed from the assumption that punishment is primarily an act of retribution by the state for offenders to be made by the offense. The relative theories recognize that punishment is an instrument that is designed to meet specific goals: improving the criminals, crime prevention, education of the public. In the face of these extreme concepts it seems the most appropriate to combine the elements of both theories of punishment (concepts mixed), with a focus on the issue of retribution for the offender's conduct detrimental to the applicable standards of law. This approach combines the philosophical considerations with practice. The attainment of apenalty, in particular by improving the offender, is difficult to reach, and in many cases even impossible, and the best proof to that is the phenomenon of recidivism.

14

The Tendencies and Issues of Transposing EU Law to the General Part of Lithuanian Criminal Code

60%

Švedas G. , Veršekys P.

Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne

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2016

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tom XCIX

89-115

EN

This article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of transposing European Union law to the General Part of the Lithuanian Criminal Code, as well as certain aspects of the European Union criminal law that make serious influence on the Lithuanian criminal law and may create problems in the future.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy teoretycznych i praktycznych kwestii związanych z wdrożeniem prawa unijnego do Części ogólnej litewskiego Kodeksu Karnego, jak również niektórych aspektów unijnego prawa karnego. Prawo to w istotny sposób wpływa na litewskie prawo karne, co może wywołać określone problemy w przyszłości.

15

Poglądy na cele kary w Rzeczypospolitej czasów stanisławowskich

60%

Wiązek P.

Prawo

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2013

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nr 315/2

33 - 50

EN

Another one in a series of publications on the history of criminal law thought in the eighteenth century Republic of Poland covered the views on the purposes of criminal sanctions which had been presented in Stanisław’s Poland. It presents the opinions, arguments, requests and suggestions which, in connection with this subject, appeared in the said period in journalism, legal literature, as well as private correspondence, of both the greatest Polish jurists of the era, as well as anonymous opinions, being an emanation of views of the then „political nation,” ie the representatives of Polish and Lithuanian gentry. Confronting the views of thinkers and legal practitioners of the Polish Enlightenment with the ideas of most prominent representatives of the eighteenth-century Western thought, the author conducts inquiries about the similarities and differences between the views of philosophers, lawyers and politicians, while trying to pay attention to the relationship between the force of traditionalist argument and expansion of innovative ideas, sometimes almost revolutionary.

16

The Impact of Human Dignity on the Principles of Criminal Liability. The Example of Guilt

60%

Szczucki K.

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tom 67

11-31

EN

Human dignity is a well-known concept among Western countries since after World War II, when states, in an effort to create a new platform of cooperation with a view to guaranteeing peace, were looking for an axiological foundation of the new order. The findings described in the article may serve to underpin the following notions, which have to be the object of further research on relations between the human dignity principle and rules of criminal liability, guilt in particular. First, the “guilt standard” is obligatory, whenever a state intends to punish a person. Second, punishment can be meted out only to an offender with an ability to bear responsibility. In other words, only a person whose characteristic derived from the principle of dignity is fully actualized can be punished. Third, punishing should be preceded by an analysis of the degree of guilt. The more eager the perpetrator was to act against the legal system and against the values protected by it, the severer punishment should be meted out. Finally, law should provide for exclusion of culpability when the human dignity principle demands one to act in a manner that is outwardly criminal, but was committed due to a motivation that ought to be excused in the light of the dignity principle.

17

Cyberprzestępczość – międzynarodowe standardy zwalczania zjawiska a polskie regulacje karne

60%

Golonka A.

Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały

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2016

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nr 1(18)

63-84

EN

Subject of this study are issues relating to cybercrime. Starting point seems to be here the attempt to determine way of understanding of this concept. It allows to perform in the next step the dogmatic analysis of criminal law regulations relating to the main issue. Matters discussed in this paper are shown through the comparative legal prism. The aim of such an approach is to demonstrate and evaluate the extent of compliance some of Polish regulations and the acts of international law, which regard cybercrime. The latter in fact shall appoint certain criminal law standards in the field of protection of the information security.

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania są zagadnienia dotyczące cyberprzestępczości. Punktem wyjścia uczyniono w nim próbę wyjaśnienia samego pojęcia cyberprzestępczości, które nasuwa wiele wątpliwości. Zaprezentowano w nim również zagadnienia związane z etiologią zjawiska oraz pewne aspekty wiktymologiczne. Takie podejście umożliwia przeprowadzenie w następnej kolejności analizy dogmatycznej regulacji prawnokarnych odnoszących się do zasadniczej problematyki poruszanej w tym opracowaniu. Jak sygnalizuje to jego tytuł, przedstawiono w nim regulacje międzynarodowe, które, jak zwykło się współcześnie uznawać, wyznaczają standardy w zakresie ochrony systemów informatycznych. Tym samym zagadnienia omawiane w artykule naukowym zostały ukazane przez pryzmat prawnoporównawczy. Celem takiego podejścia było przede wszystkim wykazanie stanu dostosowania polskich regulacji karnych do aktów prawa międzynarodowego i jego końcowa ocena.

18

Krzyże i kapliczki pokutne (pojednania), jako element średniowiecznej jurysdykcji karnej

51%

Warylewski J.

Studia Gdańskie

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2016

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nr 38

149-160

PL

Artkuł prezentuje zagadnienia z zakresu historii prawa karnego i tzw. archeologii prawnej oraz przedstawia ich źródła oraz wpływ na kształtowanie się i rozwój kultury prawnej w wiekach średnich na ziemiach polskich. Zagadnieniem kluczowym jest ewolucja kary i pojawienie się systemu kompozycji, w ramach której dochodziło do zawarcia ugody między sprawcą zabójstwa i rodziną (krewnymi) zabitego. Elementem zawieranej ugody był nakładany na sprawcę zabójstwa obowiązek wystawienia kamiennego krzyża lub kapliczki. Te elementy: krzyże i kapliczki, miały charakter ekspiacyjny, dlatego też powszechnie używa się nazwy krzyże i kapliczki pokutne. Tych kamiennych świadków średniowiecznego wymiaru sprawiedliwości karnej jest w Polsce kilkaset.

EN

The article presents issues related to the history of criminal law and the so-called legal archeology. In addition it shows their sources and their impact on the formation and development of legal culture in the Middle Ages on Polish land. The key issue is the evolution of the penalty and the emergence of the composition system (łac. compositio), in which there have to reach a settlement between the perpetrator of the murder and the victim’s family (relatives). Element of the agreement was imposed on the perpetrator of the murder of an obligation to build a stone cross or chapel. These elements - crosses and shrines - had an expiatory character. Therefore they are commonly known as penitential crosses and shrines. There is several hundred of these stone witnesses of the medieval criminal justice in Poland.

19

Charakter prawny zakazu klubowego

51%

Warchoł M.

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tom 66

383-396

PL

The article analyses the legal character of stadium ban. Interpretation of the legal regulations shows that there are a few aspects of stadium ban: administrative, criminal and civil. The author considers the character of stadium ban from administrative, criminal and civil perspectives. Moreover, the author points out two judgments which were held by the Constitutional Court in this regards. The article focuses on a few legal issues, for example regarding to legal basis of the stadium ban. The legislator introduced for mixing together the various elements of criminal law, civil and administrative. The stadium ban is stipulated by a private entity. The stadium ban has criminal character, but the appeal of it is subject to administrative law. Therefore the stadium ban’s regulations are unconstitutional.

20

Standards of Entrepreneur Rights in Competition Proceedings – a Matter of Administrative or Criminal Law?

51%

Król-Bogomilska M.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2012

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tom 5(6)

9-33

EN

The question of standards of entrepreneur rights in competition proceedings has been for many years considered as one the most controversial issues. Its importance has been increasing considering that the application of antitrust regulations is often concomitant with a wide-ranging interference with the freedom of economic activity. This interference manifests itself in cases concerning both restrictive practices and the control of concentrations. Valuable source of inspiration for a debate on the need to take into account numerous standards of rights in competition proceedings was the dispute over the nature of competition proceedings and fines (the controversy around ‘a criminal law nature’ of competition cases). The jurisprudence of Strasbourg judiciaries explicitly stresses that in the assessment of a case nature due consideration should rather not be given to formal classifications set forth in legal provisions but to the real nature of the case. The ECJ did not share the assumptions adopted by the European Court of Human Rights on the legitimacy of a wide interpretation of the “criminal charge” notion within the meaning of Article 6(1) ECHR. In the present EU jurisprudence on competition law, there have been more and more judgments which deal with standards of rights stemming from the ECHR. In the context of an ever growing severity of penalties, the guarantee function of law has been gaining in importance, and hence the standards to be respected in competition proceedings are of a bigger weight. Major changes were brought by the entry into force, on 1 December 2009, of the Treaty of Lisbon. The implementation of the concept aiming at an even stronger reinforcement of the position of fundamental rights was sealed by granting the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights of 2000 the binding force by including this Charter into the EU primary law and by defining the basis for the EU accession to the ECHR (Article 6 TEU). The introduction of new rules of judicial cooperation in criminal matters may contribute in future to a better dynamic of the criminalization of the most serious violations of competition law in the EU Member States (Article 83 and following of the TFEU).

FR

La problématique des standards en matière de droits des entrepreneurs dans les affaires de concurrence est considérée comme particulièrement controversée depuis des années. Son importance s’accroît en raison du fait que l’application du droit de la concurrence entraîne souvent une ingérence fort poussée dans la liberté d’exercer une activité économique. Celle-ci relève tant des actions concernant les pratiques restreignant la concurrence que le contrôle des concentrations. Le débat sur la nature des affaires de concurrence et les amendes (querelle regardant la nature criminelle des affaires de concurrence) a été une inspiration importante pour la discussion concernant la nécessité de prendre en considération plusieurs standards des droits dans les procédures de concurrence. Dans la jurisprudence des autorités de Strasbourg, pour évaluer le caractère des affaires, l’accent est sensiblement mis moins sur la classification formelle faite en vertu de textes juridiques que sur la nature réelle de ces affaires. La Cour de Justice ne partage pas la thèse de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme au sujet du bien fondé d’une interprétation large de la notion d’ « accusation criminelle » au sens de l’art. 6(1) de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. La jurisprudence communautaire actuelle en matière de droit de la concurrence voit pourtant s’accroître le nombre d’arrêts qui abordent la question des standards des droits découlant de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. La nécessité de garantir les droits fondamentaux est accentuée en particulier en raison de la nature répressive des sanctions appliquées en vertu de la législation communautaire. L’entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne, le 1er décembre 2009, apportait un changement capital. Celui-ci était lié notamment à la réalisation d’une conception visant à renforcer définitivement la position des droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne. La force obligatoire octroyée à la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE de 2000 et son intégration dans le droit primaire de l’UE, ainsi que la définition des fondements de l’adhésion de l’UE à la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (art. 6 du Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’UE) réalisent cette conception. Puis, la mise en place de principes nouveaux de collaboration dans les affaires pénales peut contribuer à dynamiser à l’avenir le processus de criminalisation des infractions les plus graves au droit de la concurrence dans les Etats membres (art. 83 et suiv. du traité sur le fonctionnement de l’UE).