The purpose of this paper is to present the conditions of realizing of credit transfers in European Union and fast credit transfers – Express ELIXIR – in Poland. This article presents main rules of Payment Services Directive (PSD) which was implemented to Polish law in 2011, benefits for bank customers regarding the transparency of conditions for cross-border in European Economic Area and internal credit transfers, and the maximum time taken to execute these transfers. It also presents the analysis of the innovative bank’s payment services in Poland – real-time credit transfer service called Express ELIXIR. This system was introduced in June 2012 by The National Clearing House (KIR). By March 2014 eight banks in Poland were offering this service. The main conclusions are as follows: Single European Payment Area – self-regulation of banking sector, European Union directives and regulations introduced in 1997–2014 – have ensured transparency for consumers and fee and execution time reduction of credit transfers in European Economic Area. In Poland, KIR has been systematically developing its services. In 2012 it has introduced Express ELIXIR – the system which enables clearing immediate payments. Research method applied include the analysis of scientific papers, European legislation, and statistical data.
The issue of non-cash transactions in Poland is of particular importance due to the ongoing socio-economic transformation. After the recent statutory reduction in the interchange fee charged to merchants for card payment, the value of non-cash transactions can be significantly increased. This trend has been observed in other countries and the faster development of supporting infrastructure has also been noted. The quality and availability of such infrastructure in Poland is improving, and due to the guidance issued by payment organizations, in two years time the card acceptance network in Poland will be one of the most modern in the world. There are also important social changes - currenlty the most active group using non-cash settlements are young and middle-aged people with tertiary education. The development of education enforces the growing awareness of safety and comfort of the solutions based on non-cash payments. Polish society is using bank services more often and an increasing number of a debit and credit cards is issued. Moreover, Poland is a particulary absorbent market for innovation, therefore the development of mobile payments may be faster than in other countries. Implementation of modern technologies, such as payments using biometric features, will also contribute to the development of non-cash transactions.
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