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1

The practice of applying the provision of Article 297 of the Polish Penal Code

100%

Gutbier K.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

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2018

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tom 25

197-222

EN

The aim of the publication is to present the results of research on the issue of the application of the provision of Article 297 of Polish Penal Code in practice and an attempt to evaluate them and an attempt to formulate conclusions.The features characterizing the offense under Article 297 § 1 of Polish Penal Code, which reads as follows: who, in order to obtain for himself or someone else, from a bank or organizational unit conducting similar economic activity under the Act or from an authority or institution with public funds - credit, monetary loan, surety, guarantee, letter of credit, subsidy, subsidy, confirmation by the bank of a liability arising from a surety or a guarantee or similar cash payment for a specific business purpose, payment instrument or public contract, submit counterfeit,converted, attesting untruth or unreliable document or unreliable written statement regarding circumstances of significant importance in order to obtain the mentioned financial support,payment instrument or order, it is punishable by imprisonment up from 3 months to 5 years.Discussed are also the indications of committing an act consisting in abandoning the notification in Article 297 § 2 of Polish Penal Code, worded as follows: who, in breach of a binding obligation, does not notify the relevant entity of the situation that may affect the cessation or limitation of the financial support referred to in § 1 or the public order or the possibility of further use of the electronic payment instrument.Next, the methodology of the research was described in detail. The research was of an files nature and concerned final judgments issued by courts of second instance. The time period of researches was from 2012 to 2016. A purposeful selection was also made due to the legal qualification of the deed on the basis of which the conviction was handed down in the first instance, i.e. the offenses under Article 297 of Polish Penal Code. Then the results of the research were presented and an attempt was made to comment on the results obtained. The conclusions from the research indicated, among others, the cases of lack of correct understanding of the provision, confusion of concepts, unnecessary automatic cumulative classification of the deed,narrowing the use of the instruments mentioned in the provision to credits, loans and subsidies,and many more cases.

2

The practice of applying the provision of Article 297 of the Polish Penal Code

76%

Gutbier K.

Biuletyn Kryminologiczny

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2018

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nr 25

197-222

PL

The aim of the publication is to present the results of research on the issue of the application of the provision of Article 297 of Polish Penal Code in practice and an attempt to evaluate them and an attempt to formulate conclusions. The features characterizing the oﬀense under Article 297 § 1 of Polish Penal Code, which reads as follows: who, in order to obtain for himself or someone else, from a bank or organizational unit conducting similar economic activity under the Act or from an authority or institution with public funds - credit, monetary loan, surety, guarantee, letter of credit, subsidy, subsidy, conﬁrmation by the bank of a liability arising from a surety or a guarantee or similar cash payment for a speciﬁc business purpose, payment instrument or public contract, submit counterfeit, converted, attesting untruth or unreliable document or unreliable written statement regarding circumstances of signiﬁcant importance in order to obtain the mentioned ﬁnancial support, payment instrument or order, it is punishable by imprisonment up from 3 months to 5 years. Discussed are also the indications of committing an act consisting in abandoning the notiﬁcation in Article 297 § 2 of Polish Penal Code, worded as follows: who, in breach of a binding obligation, does not notify the relevant entity of the situation that may aﬀect the cessation or limitation of the ﬁnancial support referred to in § 1 or the public order or the possibility of further use of the electronic payment instrument. Next, the methodology of the research was described in detail. The research was of an ﬁles nature and concerned ﬁnal judgments issued by courts of second instance. The time period of researches was from 2012 to 2016. A purposeful selection was also made due to the legal qualiﬁcation of the deed on the basis of which the conviction was handed down in the ﬁrst instance, i.e. the oﬀenses under Article 297 of Polish Penal Code. Then the results of the research were presented and an attempt was made to comment on the results obtained. The conclusions from the research indicated, among others, the cases of lack of correct understanding of the provision, confusion of concepts, unnecessary automatic cumulative classiﬁcation of the deed, narrowing the use of the instruments mentioned in the provision to credits, loans and subsidies, and many more cases. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących problematyki zastosowania przepisu art. 297 k.k. w praktyce oraz podjęcie próby ich oceny i sformułowania wniosków. Opisano znamiona charakteryzujące przestępstwo z art. 297 § 1 k.k., który brzmi następująco: kto, w celu uzyskania dla siebie lub kogo innego, od banku lub jednostki organizacyjnej prowadzącej podobną działalność gospodarczą na podstawie ustawy albo od organu lub instytucji dysponujących środkami publicznymi – kredytu, pożyczki pieniężnej, poręczenia, gwarancji, akredytywy, dotacji, subwencji, potwierdzenia przez bank zobowiązania wynikającego z poręczenia lub z gwarancji lub podobnego świadczenia pieniężnego na określony cel gospodarczy, instrumentu płatniczego lub zamówienia publicznego, przedkłada podrobiony, przerobiony, poświadczający nieprawdę albo nierzetelny dokument albo nierzetelne, pisemne oświadczenie dotyczące okoliczności o istotnym znaczeniu dla uzyskania wymienionego wsparcia fnansowego, instrumentu płatniczego lub zamówienia, podlega karze pozbawienia wolności od 3 miesięcy do lat 5. Omówiono także znamiona popełnienia czynu polegającego na zaniechaniu powiadomienia z art. 297 § 2 k.k., o następującym brzmieniu: kto wbrew ciążącemu obowiązkowi, nie powiadamia właściwego podmiotu o powstaniu sytuacji mogącej mieć wpływ na wstrzymanie albo ograniczenie wysokości udzielonego wsparcia fnansowego, określonego w § 1, lub zamówienia publicznego albo na możliwość dalszego korzystania z instrumentu płatniczego. Następnie została dokładnie opisana metodologia przeprowadzonych badań. Badania miały charakter aktowy i dotyczyły prawomocnych orzeczeń wydanych przez sądy drugiej instancji. Cezurą czasową objęto okres od 2012 do 2016. Dokonano także wyboru celowego ze względu na kwalifkacje prawną czynu na podstawie, którego dokonano skazania w pierwszej instancji, tj. przestępstwa z art. 297 k.k. Następnie przedstawiono wyniki badań oraz podjęto próbę skomentowania otrzymanych rezultatów. Wnioski z badań wskazały, między innymi, na przypadki występowania braku prawidłowego zrozumienia przepisu, mylenie pojęć, niepotrzebnej automatycznej kumulatywnej kwalifkacji czynu, zawężenie stosowania instrumentów wymienionych w przepisie do kredytu, pożyczki oraz dotacji oraz a wiele innych.

EN

The aim of the publication is to present the results of research on the issue of the application of the provision of Article 297 of Polish Penal Code in practice and an attempt to evaluate them and an attempt to formulate conclusions. The features characterizing the oﬀense under Article 297 § 1 of Polish Penal Code, which reads as follows: who, in order to obtain for himself or someone else, from a bank or organizational unit conducting similar economic activity under the Act or from an authority or institution with public funds - credit, monetary loan, surety, guarantee, letter of credit, subsidy, subsidy, conﬁrmation by the bank of a liability arising from a surety or a guarantee or similar cash payment for a speciﬁc business purpose, payment instrument or public contract, submit counterfeit, converted, attesting untruth or unreliable document or unreliable written statement regarding circumstances of signiﬁcant importance in order to obtain the mentioned ﬁnancial support, payment instrument or order, it is punishable by imprisonment up from 3 months to 5 years. Discussed are also the indications of committing an act consisting in abandoning the notiﬁcation in Article 297 § 2 of Polish Penal Code, worded as follows: who, in breach of a binding obligation, does not notify the relevant entity of the situation that may aﬀect the cessation or limitation of the ﬁnancial support referred to in § 1 or the public order or the possibility of further use of the electronic payment instrument. Next, the methodology of the research was described in detail. The research was of an ﬁles nature and concerned ﬁnal judgments issued by courts of second instance. The time period of researches was from 2012 to 2016. A purposeful selection was also made due to the legal qualiﬁcation of the deed on the basis of which the conviction was handed down in the ﬁrst instance, i.e. the oﬀenses under Article 297 of Polish Penal Code. Then the results of the research were presented and an attempt was made to comment on the results obtained. The conclusions from the research indicated, among others, the cases of lack of correct understanding of the provision, confusion of concepts, unnecessary automatic cumulative classiﬁcation of the deed, narrowing the use of the instruments mentioned in the provision to credits, loans and subsidies, and many more cases.

3

Payment cards as the target of criminals’ activities in the area of credit fraud

63%

Gutbier K.

Rocznik Towarzystwa Naukowego Płockiego

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2019

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tom 11

35-49

EN

The aim of the publication is an attempt to answer the question whether the perpetrators of economic crimes related to payment cards may also be liable as credit fraudsters, i.e. based on art. 297 § 1 or § 2 of Polish Penal Code Payment cards, card types, statistical data on issuing cards and payment transactions have been discussed. Next, the theoretical description of the crime of credit fraud affecting the economic turnover and problems encountered by law enforcement agencies were presented. Finally, the arguments to confirm the thesis were presented.

PL

Celem publikacji jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie czy sprawcy przestępstw gospodarczych dotyczących kart płatniczych odpowiadać mogą także jako oszuści kredytowi, tj. na podstawie art. 297 § 1 lub § 2 k.k. Omówione zostały karty płatnicze, ich rodzaje kart, dane statystyczne dotyczące wydawania kart i realizowanych transakcji płatniczych. Następnie przedstawiono charakterystykę teoretyczną przestępstwa oszustwa kredytowego godzącego w obrót gospodarczy oraz problemy na jakie trafiają organy ścigania. Na końcu przedstawiono argumenty potwierdzające tezę.