Latin American economic thought is known for its contribution of cepalismo and dependencia. These trends were supposed to help the region achieve prosperity in an independent way by breaking off the bonds of economic dependency. Latin America had been struggling against the domination of Spain and Portugal and after gaining independence, against new colonial empires, particularly Great Britain, looking for new spheres of influence. Even though this order was profitable for many of 19th century Latin American elite’s representatives, many were searching a path to economic independence, demonstrating their nationalist and protectionist view on economy. The main objective of this paper is to study the connection between the 19th century trends in Latin American economic ideas and famous ideas of the 20th century cepalistas and dependentistas, which will be considered in the broader context of 19th century – an axial time not only for capitalist development, but also for its critique.
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El pensamiento económico de América Latina es muy conocido por su aporte de cepalismo y dependencia. Estas dos tendencias ayudaban a la región alcanzar el desarrollo y la prosperidad de manera independiente por la ruptura de los lazos de dependencia económica. América Latina ha estado luchando contra la dominación de España y de Portugal y, a continuación, después de obtener la independencia, los nuevos imperios coloniales, en particular Gran Bretaña, que buscaba nuevas esferas de influencia. A pesar de que este orden era rentable para muchos de los representantes de las élites latinoamericanas en el siglo XIX. Muchos estaban buscando un camino a la independencia económica, demostrando su visión nacionalista y proteccionista de la economía. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre las tendencias del siglo XIX en las ideas económicas de América Latina y las ideas de los famosos cepalistas y dependentistas del siglo XX, que serán considerados en el contexto más amplio del siglo XIX, entendido como un momento fundamental no solo para el desarrollo capitalista, sino también por su crítica.
The article situates the phenomenon of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651–1695) within the myth of the “return of the caravels,” invented from the Spanish American side as a proof of parity with the former “Mother Country,” achieved apparently towards the end of the 19th century. However, “caravels” were “returning” much earlier. Based on the author’s book La mujer que quiso ser amada por Dios (The Woman who Wanted to be Loved by God, 2016) and on recent archival discoveries, the study then focuses on the Mexican nun, the history of her publications in Spain during her lifetime, and the consequences of the historical entanglements of her supporters for her literary heritage; finally, it takes to task the surprising generalized shortcomings of the sorjuanista criticism, among others, reading her work out of its internal (“genetic”) and external contexts, and not having asked some most elemental questions about her works in both the modern and the ancient editions.
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