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Briquettes from a Mixture of Cow Menure, Rice Husks and Wood Dust as Alternative Fuel

100%

Athaillah T. , Masykur , Husin H. , Adib , Aulia M. R.

tom Vol. 25, nr 2

290--299

There is a lot of promise for the creation of briquettes made of wood dust, rice husks, and cow menure as alternative fuels. The water content (%) and ash content (%) was measured in this study. Carbon ratio (%), value calorific (cal/g), briquettes’ percentage of volatile content and their compressive strength (g/cm2). A financial feasibility analysis of briquettes was also conducted as part of this study. Sample 1 briquettes had a water content of 16%, whereas sample 2 briquettes had a water content of 12%. Because the results of this water content test range between 5% and 20%, they are still considered acceptable. According to the test results, sample 1 had an ash level of 33% and sample 2 had an ash value of 29%. There were 65% and 60% of flying chemicals in sample 1 and sample 2, respectively. The quality of the briquettes increases with decreasing volatile matter content. From the test results, sample 1 of the briquettes has a carbon level of 2%, whereas sample 2 has an 11% carbon content. Because carbon concentration affects the calorific value, it is a measure of fuel quality. Sample 1’s briquette density is 0.539 g/cm3, whereas sample 2’s briquette density is 0.337 g/cm3. Briquettes for sample 1 have a compressive strength of 13.26 g/cm2, whereas sample 2 has a compressive strength of 15.3 g/cm2. Overall, the briquettes’ financial feasibility study is really promising, with a favorable net present value (NPV) of 144.074.566, a high internal rate of return (IRR) of 72.154%, a respectable net B/C of 4.37, and a comparatively short payback period (PBP) of 3.22 years. This indicates the value of continuing this project. It is believed that by using these briquettes, the amount of deforestation would decline and the dependence on firewood will decrease. We may protect biodiversity and ecosystems by protecting forests.

Bioremediation of Iron on Diamond Post Mining Soil Using Compost Made from Cow Manure and Traditional Market Organic Waste

88%

Mahyudin R. P. , Firmansyah M. , Purwanti M. A. , Najmina D.

tom Vol. 21, nr 5

221--228

The purpose of this research was to improve the diamond post-mining soil quality using a bioremediation composting method based on the cow manure and organic waste from a traditional market. This research was conducted for: 1) identifying the conditions for temperature, pH and moisture during the composting process; 2) analyzing the difference of variations in composition and the best composting durations. The bioremediation method used is open windrow composting, divided into four composition variations, namely variation A (100% soil); B (75% soil: 25% compost); C (50% soil: 50% compost); D (25% soil: 75% compost). The variations of composting duration are 15th and 30th days. From the result of two-way ANOVA test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the decrease of Fe value due to the variations in composition ratio and duration of composting.

Technological Process of Anaerobic Digestion of Cattle Manure in a Bioenergy Plant

63%

Salkhozhayeva G. M. , Abdiyeva K. M. , Arystanova S. Y. , Ultanbekova G. D.

tom Vol. 23, nr 7

131--142

Anaerobic digestion consists of the biological decomposition of organic waste under anaerobic conditions by various types of microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the fermentation starter of methanogenic bacteria on the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure in a bioenergy plant. The effect of various methods (physical, microbiological and chemical) on the digestion of cattle manure was studied under mesophilic (35°C) and thermophilic (50°C) modes. The results of the study showed that the content of volatile fatty acids and the pH of the medium was in the optimal range, the yield of methane biogas (CH4) during anaerobic digestion at 35°C was 0.45 m3/kg and at 50°C was 0.58 m3/kg. The data obtained indicate that the thermophilic mode (50°C) of anaerobic digestion of manure effectively affects the yield of methane biogas. Based on anaerobic digestion in mesophilic mode, a fermentation starter of methanogenic cultures adapted to thermophilic conditions was obtained. According to cultural and morphological characteristics, the cultures were assigned to the genera Methanopyrus and Methanococcus. The results of a study on the effect of the fermentation starter of methanogenic bacteria in fermented manure at 50°C showed that with an increase in the dose of the fermentation starter, the methane-forming ability of anaerobic bacteria increased and the process of methane biogas release intensified (from 0.36 m3/kg to 0.79 m3/kg). Besides, the dose of methanogenic fermentation starter based on Methanopyrus and Methanococcus isolates (28 kg) was determined. When the bioenergy plant is launched in thermophilic mode, the release of biogas increases by 2.2 times, and the digestion period decreases to 10 days.