Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ispol'zovanie al'ternativnykh istochnikov ehnergii s cel'ju snizhenija tekhnogennogo zagrjaznenija geologicheskojj sredy v rajjone Sakskogo ozera

100%

Chaban V.

Motrol. Motoryzacja i Energetyka Rolnictwa

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2013

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tom 15

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nr 5

2

Evaluation of the contamination degree of roe-deer with cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls in Warmia and Mazury district

100%

Zasadowski A. , Wyszynska A. , Wysocki A.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2003

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tom 06

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nr 2

3

Wplyw stopnia zabrudzenia krow na jakosc mleka

100%

Bogucki M. , Sawa A. , Krezel-Czopek S. , Neja W. , Sass L.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 3

3-8

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu stopnia zabrudzenia krów na liczbę komórek somatycznych w mleku. Spośród ocenianych partii ciała 64 krów najmniejszym zabrudzeniem charakteryzowało się podbrzusze (1,2 pkt.), a następnie wymię – 1,76 pkt. Największy udział krów wykazywał lekkie zabrudzenie – 40,4%, niewiele mniej – 38,6% stanowiły zwierzęta czyste, 14,8% brudne, a tylko 6,3% krowy bardzo brudne. Wymię u 46,7% krów oceniono jako czyste, u 35% krów jako lekko zabrudzone, a u 18,3% jako brudne i bardzo brudne. Wraz ze wzrostem stopnia zabrudzenia poszczególnych partii ciała krów wzrastała liczba komórek somatycznych w mleku.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of degree of dirtiness of 64 cows on milk somatic cell count. Of the cows’ body parts evaluated, the lowest dirtiness scores were characteristic of underbelly (1.2 pts.) followed by udder (1.76 pts.). Most cows were slightly dirty (40.4%) or clean (38.6%), with 14.8% of dirty animals and only 6.3% of very dirty animals. Udder was clean in 46.7%, slightly dirty in 35%, and dirty or very dirty in 18.3% of the cows. Milk somatic cell count increased with the degree of dirtiness respective parties of the cows’ body.

4

Correlation between number of microbes and degree of soil contamination by petrol

100%

Wyszkowska J. , Kucharski J.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 3

EN

The aim of this research was to examine the correlation between the presence of microbes in soil and the degree of soil pollution with unleaded and 98 leaded petrol. Detoxication of soils contaminated by refinery products was performed using barley straw. The experiment was conducted in two series: on unsown soil and on soil sown with triticale. The results of the study have proved that contamination of soil by petroleum compounds stimulates the growth of Azotobacter sp., copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria, but inhibits the multiplication of fungi and actinomycetes. Fertilisation of soil with barley straw and cultivation of triticale improved microbiological properties of soil. The favourable effect of the treatments was attenuated by leaded and unleaded petrol.

5

The avaluation of the contamination degree and the sanitary and bacteriological state of the waters in the Czarna Hancza River in the Region of Suwalki and Wigry National Park

100%

Niewolak S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1998

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tom 07

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nr 4

EN

This paper evaluates contamination and sanitary and bacteriological states of the waters in the Czarna Hancza River in the region of Suwalki and Wigry National Park, and treated wastes coming from an urban sewage treatment plant. Microbiological examinations were carried out every month, in three annual cycles, in 1994-1996. Water samples were taken at 11 stations situated in the most characteristic places above Suwalki, below Suwalki, before inflow of treated wastes coming from the sewage treatment plant, in Sobolewo and at the mouth of the Czarna Hancza River to Wigry Lake, besides the tract from Czerwony Folwark to Wysoki Most towards the east of Wigry Lake. The following microbiological indices were examined: TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC, TC, FC, FS, Clostridium perfringens as well as numerical ratio FC:FS. The results of the examination of the number of respective indicator bacteria were compared with the purity criteria, organic substance loading and excrement material and water usefulness for recreation. Unsignificant contamination of the Czarna Hancza River was observed in Stary Brod not far from Suwalki and in Czerwony Folwark, Mackowa Ruda and Buda Ruska in the eastern part of Lake Wigry, significant and/or strong water contamination of this river was noticed on the track from Suwalki to its mouth to Wigry Lake. The sources of the contamination were shown: point (sewages) and spacious (catchment) and leakage from cesspools in Sobolewo. A significant decrease of the number of the examined indicator bacteria of the contamination degree (TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC) of this part of the river in 1995 and 1996 was observed. The usefulness for bathing the examined fragment of the River Czarna Hancza above Suwalki and the fragment from Czerwony Folwark to Wysoki Most towards the east from Wigry Lake was presented.

6

Occurrence of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus in table eggs descended from different sources

80%

Stepien-Pysniak D. , Marek A. , Rzedzicki J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 4

EN

This paper presents the degree of contamination of table eggs with bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, taking into account the source of the eggs. The results of the study indicate a relatively high degree of contamination of table eggs with Staphylococcus bacteria. In 1125 bacteriological tests conducted on whites, yolks and shells of eggs from three sources, staphylococci were found in 514 cases. Thirteen strains were isolated from the whites, but Staphylococcus bacteria were found more often in yolks – 199 strains. The highest percentage of staphylococci were found on the surface of the egg shell – 302 strains. Twelve species of staphylococci were isolated from the eggs tested, including both coagulase-positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus, S. hyicus) and coagulase-negative strains, particularly Staphylococcus lentus, S. warneri, S. epidermidis and S. xylosus. This study determined that regardless of the source of the eggs, egg yolks were more often contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus than with coagulase-negative Stapphylococci. It was also demonstrated that S. aureus dominated in the yolks and on the shells of eggs from the small-scale poultry farm.

7

Ocena zanieczyszczenia wybranych gatunków miodu związkami z grupy trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych

80%

Witczak A. , Ciemniak A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2012

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tom 63

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nr 3

PL

Wprowadzenie. Miód jest synonimem zdrowej żywności. Jego jakość jest m.in. związana ze stanem środowiska. Pomimo zaprzestania produkcji i stosowania, w środowisku wykrywa się nadal pozostałości trwałych węglowodorów chlorowanych. Część z nich jest klasyfikowana jako związki rakotwórcze dla człowieka. Ciągłe narażenie pszczół na działanie różnego rodzaju środków chemicznych nie pozostaje bez wpływu na wytwarzany przez nie produkt. Z tego względu znajomość stopnia zanieczyszczenia miodu może mieć istotne znaczenie dla zdrowia człowieka. Cel badań. Celem pracy była ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia miodu związkami należącymi do trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych. Materiał i metody. Badaniom poddano sześć rodzajów miodu oraz zebrane po okresie kwitnienia kwiatostany rzepaku i glebę z pól położonych w okolicy miejscowości Przybysław i Pęczerzyno w województwie zachodniopomorskim. Zakres badań obejmował oznaczanie zawartości pestycydów chloroorganicznych: α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor, aldryna, dieldryna, endryna, izomer B epoksydu heptachloru, p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD; non-orto (PCB 77, PCB 81, PCB 126, PCB 169), mono-orto (PCB 105, PCB 114, PCB 156, PCB 157) oraz kongenerów wskaźnikowych PCB (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180). Oznaczenia wykonano metodą chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS). Wyniki. Spośród analizowanych pestycydów chloroorganicznych w miodach największe stężenie notowano dla heptachloru (3,89 ng/g m.m.), natomiast zawartość kongenerów wskaźnikowych kształtowała się w zakresie od ilości śladowych poniżej LOQ do 0,02 ng/g m.m. Zawartości kongenerów non- i mono-orto PCB w miodach były stosunkowo niskie, osiągając maksymalnie 0,02 ng/g m.m. Wnioski. Zawartości analizowanych związków chloroorganicznych w badanym materiale zależały od miejsca pobrania próbek, przy czym najwyższe stężenia notowano w kwiatostanach rzepaku. Stwierdzono znacznie większe zanieczyszczenie gleby i kwiatostanów rzepaku pochodzących z okolicy Pęczerzyna, jednak nie miało to wyraźnego wpływu na zawartość związków w miodzie. Najmniej zanieczyszczeń chloroorganicznych zawierał miód gryczany. Zawartości oznaczanych związków w badanych miodach były na niskim poziomie i nie stanowiły zagrożenia dla zdrowia konsumentów.

EN

Background. Honey is a synonymous of healthy food. Its quality is associated with the state of the environment. Although persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons are no longer produced nor used, their residues are still detected in the environment. Some of these compounds are carcinogenic to humans. Continuous exposure of bees to various types of chemicals impacts also their products. Therefore, knowledge of the degree of contamination of honey may have important implications for human health. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of honey contamination with POPs. Material and methods. Six species of honey were analyzed, as well as rape inflorescences and soil coming from the villages Pęczerzyno and Przybysław in Western Pomerania, Poland. The scope of investigation included organochlorine pesticides: α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxid isomer B, p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD, dioxin-like non-ortho PCB congeners (PCB 77, PCB 81, PCB 126, PCB 169), dioxin-like monoortho PCB congeners (PCB 105, PCB 114, PCB 156, PCB 157) and indicator PCB congeners (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180). Chromatographic separation was performed using gas chromatography (HP 6890) coupled with mass spectrometry (HP 5973). Results. Among the analyzed organochlorine pesticides the highest concentration in honeys was noticed for heptachlor (3.89 ng/g mm). The content of indicator PCB congeners in honey ranged from below LOQ values to 0.02 ng/g w.w. The content of non- and mono-ortho PCB congeners in honey were relatively low, reaching a maximum 0.02 ng/g w.w. Conclusions. The content of the analyzed organochlorine compounds in the material depended on the location of sampling sites, and the highest concentrations were found in rape inflorescences. The soil and rape inflorescences from Pęczerzyno were the most contaminated with POPs, but it had no clear impact on the content of the compounds in honey. Buckwheat honey was significantly (p<0,05) least contaminated with POPs. The content of the examined POPs in honeys was low and safe for consumers health.

8

Application of high hydrostatic pressures for non-thermal reduction of Salmonella and Escherichia coli and their effect on microscopic structure of poultry meat

80%

Malicki A. , Sysak Z. , Suder E. , Bruzewicz S.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

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nr Suppl.2, Part 1

EN

High hydrostatic pressures (HHP) gain recently increasing interest as potential non-thermal alternative of food preservation. The purpose of the experiment was the evaluation of HHP efficiency against Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli, contaminating the raw poultry meat. The studies were performed on poultry meat samples inoculated superficially with 107 CFU x g-1 of the test bacteria. Subsequently the samples were pressurized for 15 minutes (200, 300 or 400 MPa). Pressurization reflected in significant bacterial reduction. Histological analysis of treated meat samples revealed structural alterations of intramuscular connective tissue and loss of muscular stratification, proportional to the amount of pressure applied. Concluding, HHP seem to reduce efficiently the level of microbiological meat contamination and, probably, also increase the dietary availability of sarcoplasmic proteins.

9

Ocena zanieczyszczenia gleb Bagien Błędowskich metalami ciężkimi

80%

Zadrozny P. , Nicia P. , Kowalska J. , Bejger R.

Acta Agrophysica

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2015

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tom 22

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nr 2

PL

Celem badań była ocena stopnia zanieczyszczenia gleb Bagien Błędowskich metalami ciężkimi oraz określenie zależności pomiędzy zawartością węgla organicznego w tych glebach a koncentracją metali ciężkich. Stwierdzono, że gleby Bagien Błędowskich charakteryzowały się wysoką i silnie zróżnicowaną zawartością metali ciężkich pomiędzy poszczególnymi typami gleb, jak również w poszczególnych poziomach glebowych. Na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wyników można stwierdzić, że zawartość Cd i Pb w badanych glebach przekraczała wartości dopuszczalne dla gleb terenów chronionych (grupa A), jak również dla gleb gruntów rolnych (grupa B) oraz w niewielkiej części badanych profili także dla gleb terenów przemysłowych, użytków kopalnych, terenów komuni-kacyjnych (grupa C). Zawartość Cu, Cr, i Ni tylko w części badanych profili glebowych przekraczała wartości dopuszczalne dla gleb terenów chronionych (grupa A). Analiza statystyczna otrzymanych wyników wykazała że zawartość większości badanych metali ciężkich w glebach Bagien Błędowskich była istotnie dodatnio skorelowana z zawartością węgla organicznego.

EN

The objective of the study was the estimation of the degree of heavy metal contamination of the soils of the Błędowskie Swamp and the determination of correlation between the content of organic carbon in the soils and their concentration of heavy metals. It was found that the Błędowskie swamp soils are characterised by high and highly diversified heavy metal concentration between different soil types as well as different levels of soil. On the basis of an analysis of the results obtained it can be concluded that the contents of Cd and Pb in the studied soils exceeded the allowed values for soils of protected areas (Group A), as well as for soils of agricultural lands (Group B) and, in a small part of the studied soil profiles, for soils of industrial areas, fossil sites, and transport route areas (Group C). Only in a part of the soil profiles studied the content of Cu, Cr and Ni exceeded the allowed values for soils of protected areas (Group A). Statistical analysis of the results showed that the content of most of the heavy metals in soils of Błędowskie swamp was significantly positively correlated with organic carbon content.

10

Assessment of heavy metal contamination of soils impacted by a zinc smelter activity

80%

Diatta J. B. , Chudzinska E. , Wirth S.

Journal of Elementology

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2008

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tom 13

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nr 1

EN

Four metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) were assayed in soils within the impact zone of the Miasteczko Slaskie Zinc Smelter (southern Poland). The investigated area is afforested and has been subjected for a long time to intensive deposition of metal-bearing dusts. Soil pHKCl varied broadly from very acidic (pHKCl = 3.4) to slightly alkaline (pHKCl = 7.2). Organic carbon (Corg) content fluctuated within a large range, i.e., 5.5 - 66.4 g kg-1, whereas the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was in most cases markedly low (from 1.4 to 5.9 cmol(+)kg-1), with exception for two sites (C and D) exhibiting values of 26.8 and 15.1 cmol(+)kg-1, respectively. Total Zn, Pb and Cd contents exceeded manifold their respective levels in the Earth crust (reference value - RV)) as well as those suggested as background levels for Poland (BLP). The assessment of the contamination of soils by these metals was undertaken on the basis of geoaccumulation indices (lgeo), contamination factors Cl and degrees of contamination (Cdeg). The overall metal contamination represented practically two classes: low contamination for Cu; considerable to extreme contamination (in ascending order) for Zn, Cd, and Pb. The contribution (BLP-based assessment) of each metal to the degree of contamination index varied from 2.14 % (for Cu), via 26.33% (for Zn) to quite equally for Cd and Pb, both representing 35.22% and 36.32, respectively. It is worth pointing out that copper was the sole metal to threaten the least (Figure 1) the soils of the investigated ecosystem.

11

Changes of dehydrogenase inhibition in soil induced by various concentrations of selected heavy metal salts

70%

Nowak J. , Snieg B.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Environmental Development

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2002

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tom 05

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nr 2

EN

The influence of various concentrations of salts of lead (II), copper (II), manganese (II), cobalt (II), molybdenum (IV) and iron (III) upon the soil dehydrogenase has been studied. Ecological areas featuring the contamination degree to which the studied soil environment had been exposed have been determined. Particular attention has been paid to high heavy metal doses causing significant disturbance to soil metabolism.

12

Proba oceny zagrozenia zdrowia w oparciu o stezenia Pb i Cd w produktach zbozowych w roznych regionach woj. podlaskiego

61%

Filon J. , Karczewski J.

Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna

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2010

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tom 43

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nr 2

158-162