Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Metaphorische Phraseologismen in nichtwissenschaftlichen Texten mit medizinischer Thematik

100%

Gierzyńska M. A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2013

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nr XV/2

31-41

EN

This article describes the usage and occurrence of metaphorical phraseologisms and their functions in non-scientific medical articles. According to Harald Weinrich’s theory [1976] and cognitive theory of metaphors by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson [1980], metaphorical phraseologisms, as well as single metaphors can be associated with subordinate concepts. Due to high complicity of metaphors described in this article they appear in the form of constellations and have been arranged according to such concepts as: MEDICINE IS A GAME, ILLNESS IS AN ENEMY AND THERAPY IS A STRUGGLE and also SICKNESS AND LEADING TO SICKNESS IS A CRIME.

2

On Conceptual Metaphors In Mathematics

100%

Pogonowski J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia ad Didacticam Mathematicae Pertinentia

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2017

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tom 9

85-98

EN

This paper contains a few critical remarks concerning some fundamental assumptions and claims propagated by Lakoff and Núñez in their monograph Lakoff, Núñez (2000). Our attitude is skeptical (cf. also Pogonowski,2011). We agree with the idea that conceptual metaphors may play some role in the formation of elementary mathematical notions. However, we disagree with the authors’ claim that such metaphors provide the main mechanism in the emergence of new notions in advanced mathematics.

3

88%

Stadnik K.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2017

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tom 60

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nr 3 (123)

37-51

EN

In the paper, we focus on the question of science popularisation as translation. We develop a Cultural Linguistic account of how conceptual metaphors help tailor the abstract conceptual content to the needs of non-experts. Since the issue linking the various topics in our paper is the mind-reality relation, we offer a linguistic analysis of selected conceptual metaphors in Michał Heller’s Philosophy of Chance. We provide insights into the worldview emerging from the author’s narrative about the evolution of the concept of CHANCE.

4

EFL learners' metaphors and images about foreign language learning

88%

Farjami H.

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2012

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tom 2

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nr 1

93-109

EN

In this paper, I will argue that awareness of images and metaphors held by foreign language learners about the nature of the target language and its learning can be of substantial value and provide teaching practitioners with useful insights about how to deal with various language learning problems. To elicit images which learners hold about foreign language learning, a questionnaire was given to 350 learners of English in different places in Iran. The questionnaire asked the respondents to provide images about learning a foreign language by using a sentence completion task: “Learning a foreign language is like . . .” The responses gained in 200 questionnaires were content-analyzed and the identified images and metaphors were summarized under more broad-ranging categories. The information that the metaphors and the resulting metaphorical categories provide and the theoretical interpretations which can plausibly be made are discussed in some detail and put in a cognitive-psychological perspective.

5

„Wpadać w rozpacz”. Obrazowanie a zmiana znaczenia wyrazu

75%

Woźniak E.

Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny

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2012

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tom 11

221-230

EN

The article discusses the relation between the change of meaning and imaging. The example of word “rozpacz” (despair), which in Polish has numerous abstract connotations (initially mental and then emotional), shows that, regardless of contemporary meaning, the word used to form collocations based on the metaphor of CONTAINER (f.e. ktoś wpadł w rozpacz) or PATH and DESTINATION (f.e. ktoś/ coś doprowadza kogoś do rozpaczy). It proves that metaphorical models DOMAIN A TO DOMAIN B do not reflect the flexibility of definitions, therefore the list of such would have limited cognitive value in the field of historical semantics. It is more important to identify the feature which determines the level of similarity rather than finding the source domain of the metaphor. Such feature is likely to be decisive in terms of longevity of existence in variant liaisons (f.e. ktoś wpada w rozpacz/ ktoś idzie do rozpaczy) and it can influence the evolution of the definition. This mode of analysis requires the implementation of both conceptual level and semantic-syntactic aspect.

6

Kvalitatiivsed muutused fraseoloogias: olemus ja suunajad

75%

Oim K. , Oim A.

Mäetagused

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2012

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tom 51

59–80

EN

The article observes the qualitative change of lexical units as a natural part of the language development process. The authors aspire to explicate the regularities in the changes that the meaning of phraseological expressions has undergone. This is performed on the example of the phrase läheb nagu lepase reega ‘goes as on an alder sleigh’ – an etymologically old and genuine phrase that is popularly used in Estonian dialectal, colloquial and literary language and whose semantic meaning has been subject to the largest possible qualitative change. The reconceptualization of the motif can be explained by the context of the image formation and the cognitive motivation of the motion event.

7

Kognitywna analiza metafor życia i śmierci w poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej

75%

Dobrowolska M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2013

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nr 15/2

19-35

EN

The article presents a linguistic analysis of Wis³awa Szymborska selected poems in terms of the cognitive theory of metaphor. It is based on the works Lakoff and Turner (1989) who proved that literary metaphors, while original and inventive, are based on the same mental processes as everyday life expressions as conceptual metaphors are the basic schemata that organise our thinking and determine the majority of language phenomena. In Szymborska poems the metaphor EVENTS ARE ACTIONS functions as a personifying mechanism (i.e. images of death and the reaper) and justifies the importance of the tripartite cycle domain in the understanding of life and death target domains. The results of the research show that the uniqueness and potency of this Polish poet lies in creative utilisation and subtle elaboration on generic-level metaphors, that can be hard to decipher for the reader. Thank to this she introduces a different perspective of human beliefs about life and death and explains them in a seemingly simple language. The study proves that the theory of conceptual metaphor provides us with the tools appropriate for the exploration of subtle and ambiguous matter of poetic language.

8

Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Jerzy Wróblewski's Concept of Legal Interpretation

63%

Zalewska M. , Łódzki U.

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2017

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tom 39 (4)

EN

Jerzy Wróblewski is one of the most prominent and influential legal theorists in Poland. His theory of legal interpretation containing a division into linguistic, systemic and functional dimension is highly regarded by Polish legal community. However, when formulating the theory Wróblewski was aware that his theory lacks some elements. In his work he points out that despite three dimensions the result of the interpretation is still unpredictable. For instance, interpreter’s personality might be additional factor influencing legal interpretation process. In this context, Wróblewski compares the lawmaker to a composer and a subject making legal interpretation to a musician performing a piece of music. Wróblewski emphasizes the importance of such factors. However, an interpreter should disregard additional factors in the process of legal interpretation. At the time, when Wróblewski formulated his theory, the cognitive science was not developed yet. Nowadays, Lakoff Johnson’s idea of conceptual metaphors is widely known and might be one of the missing elements Wróblewski had in mind. This paper will examine such possibility and its consequences. Firstly Wróblewski’s theory of legal interpretation will be presented. Next, I will move to a brief description of Lakoff-Johnson theory. Then, it will be discussed if such approach is possible in terms of Wróblewski’s theory. Finally, the necessary modification of legal interpretation theory will be analyzed. In this part, the key question is whether the metaphorical aspect is a new dimenson of legal interpretation.

9

Pies wierny, ale uciążliwy, czyli rzecz o metaforze (Leśmiana i nie tylko)

63%

Muskat-Tabakowska E.

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2014

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nr 18

283-291

EN

The paper is a polemical commentary on Wacław Cockiewicz’s monograph Metaforyka Leśmiana (Analiza lingwistyczna). [Metaphors in Leśmian’s poetry (A linguistic analysis)]. It is claimed that although the author of the book rejects as inadequate the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by George Lakoff and his followers, some of his tacit assumptions actually follow its premises. On the other hand, lack of coherent methodology and erroneous treatment of metaphor as the relation of equivalence (A equals B) result in incoherent or downright incorrect interpretation of many metaphors selected for analysis. Individual items from the corpus are presented in alphabetical order, without concern for either the level of their specificity or their semantic cognation. In effect, their systematicity is often missed. Moreover, in some cases Cockiewicz finds himself unable to interpret Leśmian’s metaphors, and thus his Rnal conclusions – though intuitively correct and partially corroborated by some of the analyses – are undermined.

10

Conceptual metaphors in House M.D.

63%

Cichmińska M. , Topolewska M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2010

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nr 12

65-76

EN

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the conceptual metaphors in the language of medicine in the American television medical drama House M.D. The article deals with two problems: first, which of the instances of the metaphorical language of medicine, health, illness and treatment are applied by the doctors of the series, and secondly, to what extent those metaphors are commonly used in the language of medicine and in the general English.

11

O chorobie w języku polskim i angielskim – rozważania wstępne

63%

Cichmińska M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2011

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nr 13

47-53

EN

The present article is a preliminary examination of the language of disease and illness in English and Polish. We present the basic syntactic structures used in both the languages to talk about „having a disease”, discuss the differences and similarities in the two languages, and also touch upon the different conceptualizations of disease these linguistic forms bring about. In general it seems that both in Polish and English the ways of talking about disease and illness are quite similar as they both represent the so-called Western approach to medicine.

12

A cognitive poetic analysis of LIFE and DEATH in English and Ukrainian : a multiple-parallel-text approach to Hamlet's soliloquy

63%

Shurma S. , Lu W.-L.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

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2016

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tom 19

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nr 2

9-28

EN

The article zeroes in on the discrepancy between the verbalization of life and death in Hamlet's soliloquy 'To be or not to be' in the English version and three Ukrainian ones. The Multiple-Parallel-Text-based analysis shows that the conceptual metaphors living is existing, dying is not existing, death is sleep, death is a country, death is a journey and life is a burden reconstructed from the original have been largely left intact in the translations. However, we find that the actual verbalization and conceptualization in the two languages are highly culture-specific and that the versions exhibit great inter- and intra-language variations.

13

Test čtyř živlů a jeho vztahy k vybraným testům osobnosti

51%

Abramčuk F.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2011

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tom 5

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nr 4

1-10

EN

The study deals with the relationships between the personality test Four Elements (FE), based on the four elements as a metaphor of personality, and some other personality tests, to whose concepts and dimensions are or could be the elements theoretically related to (MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO-FFI). The battery of tests was used with 56 respondents. Significant relationships were identified between the element of fire to the dimension of extraversion, air to extraversion and sentient type, water to introversion, feeling and neuroticism, earth to judging type, sensing and conscientiousness. Differences between the sexes showed in some relationships stronger polarization towards a higher correlation of four elements with some dimensions of personality. The results partially support some of the theoretical conclusions on the meanings of the elements and their relations to some dimensions of personality and thus they contribute to the construct validity of the FE test.

CS

Studie se zabývá vztahy mezi testem osobnosti Four Elements (FE) zaloţeným na čtyřech ţivlech jako metafoře osobnosti a některými dalšími testy osobnosti, k jejichţ koncepcím a dimenzím bývají či mohou být ţivly teoreticky vztahovány (MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO-FFI). Baterie testů byla pouţita na souboru 56 respondentů. Byly zjištěny signifikantní vztahy ţivlu ohně k dimenzi extraverze, vzduchu k extraverzi a k vnímajícímu typu, vody k introverzi, cítění a neuroticismu, země k posuzujícímu typu, smyslovému vnímání a svědomitosti. Rozdíly mezi pohlavími ukázaly v některých vztazích na výraznější polarizaci směrem k vyšší korelaci ţivlů s některými dimenzemi osobnosti. Výsledky částečně podporují některé teoretické závěry o významech ţivlů a jejich vazbách k některým dimenzím osobnosti a přispívají tak ke konstruktové validitě testu FE.

14

Роль оппозиции свой/чужой в организации концептосферы «когнитивная деятельность»

44%

Руденко Е.

Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury

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2007

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tom 19

203-210

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest sposobom motywacji w nominacjach procesów mentalnych. W szczególności dotyczy zagadnienia metafory konceptualnej oraz zjawiska konkurowania różnych modeli konceptualizacji pojęć. Analiza prowadzona jest na materiale czasowników współczesnego języka białoruskiego i starobiałoruskiego. Punktem wyjścia jest założenie, iż nominacje procesów intelektualnych motywowane są przede wszystkim trzema znaczeniami: mieć, dawać, brać. W systemie nominacji działalności kognitywnej najbardziej rozpowszechnione jest trzecie z przedstawionych znaczeń. Artykuł zawiera ponadto zestawienie postulatów onomazjologii kognitywnej i kognitywnej onomazjologii diachronicznej. Omówione jest jednocześnie zjawisko konkurowania metafor konceptualnych w aspekcie synchronicznym i diachronicznym. Wnioski autorki: modele konceptualne powtarzają się na różnych etapach rozwoju tego samego języka. Są one powtarzane również w językach pokrewnych, ale rzadko zastępują inne modele.

EN

The article deals with motivation in the naming of mental processes. In particular, it is concerned with conceptual metaphor and the competition of various models of conceptualization. The data are Byelorussian and Old-Byelorussian verbs. The starting point is the assumption that the naming of intellectual processes is primarily motivated by three meanings: ‘have’, ‘give’ and ‘take’. The last of the three is the most widespread in the system of the nomination of cognitive activity. The article also contains a juxtaposition of the postulates of cognitive onomasiology and diachronic cognitive onomasiology. A discussion is offered, too, of the competition between conceptual metaphors in the synchronic and diachronic aspect. The following conclusions are drawn: conceptual models reappear at different levels of development of a language. They also appear in related languages but rarely replace other models.

15

Metafory, kterými hrajeme. Perspektivy a meze české kognitivní teatrologie

38%

Havlíčková Kysová Š.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

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2015

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tom 18

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nr 1

65-84

EN

The given study presents the main terms and theoretical concepts of cognitive theatrology. The author aims at making the Czech audience acquainted with the foundation texts of this relatively new branch of theatre studies which draws abundantly from other disciplines, and indicate its possible application in research. Discussion is carried on what is the use of cognitive science in theatre research, which issues it can handle, and what methodology it employs.