Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Merger Control in Georgia – national legislation and case law review

100%

Menabdishvili S.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2016

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tom 9(14)

181-194

EN

Georgia has amended its Law on Competition in 2014 in order to fulfil its obligations set out by the Association Agreement with the European Union. Despite further approximations of its laws with those of the EU, some serious flaws remain. Merging parties are obliged to submit a prior notification to the Competition Agency of Georgia if their total turnover exceeds 20 million Georgian lari (GEL) or if the value of their assets exceeds 10 million GEL (7,692,307 EUR). One of the most interesting aspects of the Georgian merger control system rests in what the Competition Agency is authorised to do in case of a failure to fulfil the notification duty. This paper will discuss Georgian rules on concentrations as well as two of its recent merger cases.

FR

La Géorgie a modifié sa loi sur la concurrence en 2014 afin de remplir ses obligations imposées par l’Accord d’association avec l’Union européenne. Malgré des rapprochements de la loi géorgienne avec la loi de l’Union européenne certains défauts persistent. Les parties de la concentration sont obligées de notifier l’Autorité de la concurrence géorgienne si leur chiffre d'affaires total dépasse 20 millions de lari géorgien (GEL) ou si la valeur de leurs actifs dépasse 10 millions de GEL (7.692.307 EUR). L'un des aspects les plus intéressants du système géorgien de contrôle des concentrations concerne les compétences de l’Autorité de la concurrence en cas de la violation de l’obligation de notification par l’entreprise. Cet article va analyser les règles de la loi géorgienne concernant les concentrations, ainsi que les deux affaires de concentration récentes.

2

Recent Competition Policy Developments in Hungary – Merger Control

80%

Nagy A.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2013

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tom 6(8)

191-200

3

Trade Diversity and Stages of Development—Evidence on EU Countries

80%

Parteka A.

Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo

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2012

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nr 30

23-44

EN

The paper presents the dynamics of trade diversification with respect to stages of development in the European context. The analysis focuses on EU27 countries observed across the years 1988–2010 and compared to a sample of 136 international economies at all levels of income per capita. We will use product level statistics (six digit HS0) and confront export and import patterns of absolute diversification/concentration. The results show that in line with \‘stages of diversification\’ approach [Imbs and Wacziarg, 2003], EU27 countries are characterized by a high degree of trade diversity (on average, EU27 countries export 78% and import 90% of goods effectively exported and imported at the world level) and within the analyzed period most of them registered a reconcentration of trade structures. Obtained estimation results confirm a positive relationship between trade diversity and economic development levels (conditional mainly upon the size of the country) with a possibility of reconcentration at higher stages of development (observable in nonparametric estimates).

4

Identification of Water Quality in Wet and Intermediate Zones in Selected, Sri Lanca: An Analytical Review

80%

Fowzul Ameer M. L.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2018

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tom 19

19-31

EN

This study is based on the analysis of drinking water parameters in selected wet and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka. Unsafe drinking water is one of the main concerns in developing countries. In Sri Lanka, the drinking water quality is a major concern in many places. A series of studies have been conducted in intensive agricultural production areas, namely, Jaffna, Vavuniya, Anuradhapura, Kurunagala and Hambantota. This represents a longitudinal section of Sri Lanka, and the study was done to understand the groundwater quality over the years of 2004 to 2009. Water from selected areas were sampled throughout the villages of this area mostly from open wells and tube wells. The samples were analysed for their chemical quality in order to identify water quality as compared with the Sri Lankan Drinking water standard. For this study, Sodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Clˉ), Sulphate (SO42ˉ) and Nitrate (NO3ˉ) were analysed. Accordingly, in the Dry Zone, the concentration of the Ca, Mg and Cl are higher than in the Wet Zones. Indeed, some sampling wells in the Dry Zones have extreme concentration of Ca (more than 1000 mg/l) and this is a major threat to the consumers for drinking purposes. In total, of 103 wells, 6 percent of the sampling wells were identified as contaminated, whereas in total, of 96 wells in the Dry Zone, 64 percent of the sampling wells were found to be contaminated due to chemical concentration. We found that rural areas are facing agrochemical-leaching problems into the groundwater, whereas urban areas are facing industrial and biological materials seeping into the ground and surface water bodies.

5

Tendencje rozwojowe chowu bydła mlecznego w aspekcie opłacalności produkcji mleka

80%

Będzikowska L.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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tom 1(21)

183-191

EN

In Poland dairy farming has become more concentrated for the last 10 years. However the extent of fragmentation is still higher than in Western European countries. Only farms with more than 35 cows and with an average milk production of at least 6000 1/year will retain potential for growth and market competitiveness. In the Płock region there are still unused opportunities for the growth of dairy production if the scale of production is increased.

6

Comparison of the sensitivity of a concentration, correlation and strong compactness by increasing interferences

80%

Kuklewski M.

|

2011

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tom z. 66

43-44

EN

Comparison of the sensitivity of a concentration, correlation and strong compactness by increasing interferences. The idea is to use it in the diagnostic system.

7

Wpływ poziomu koncentracji na efektywność działania banków spółdzielczych w Polsce

80%

Siudek T.

|

2007

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tom Nr 50, t. 1

635-639

PL

W artykule autor przedstawił zależność efektywności działania banków spółdzielczych w Polsce od poziomu ich koncentracji. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że wzrost poziomu koncentracji banków spółdzielczych powodował spadek poziomu ich efektywności działania.

EN

The author restated dependence of efficiency of working of cooperative banks in the article in Poland from the level of their concentration. He is resulting from obtained data that the increase in the level of the concentration of cooperative banks was causing the drop in the level of their efficiency of action.

8

Koncentracja sektora bankowego w Polsce na progu nowej perspektywy finansowej Unii Europejskiej

80%

Lipski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

|

2015

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tom 2(22)

157-164

EN

The aim of the paper is to present concentration changes in the Polish banking sector, as well as an attempt of further trends indication. In the analysis, the following concentration measures were used: CR5 ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman ratio. Before the evaluation of the market structure, in the paper there is a short synthesis of the most important aspects determining interpretation of the results and giving wider perception at which point of development the analysed banking market in Poland is. Conducted analysis points out that the Polish banking sector presents lower level of concentration than sectors in most countries of the EU15 and in other countries of the Central-Eastern Europe. In the following years further consolidation processes should be expected. The scale and pace of these changes will be also influenced by the view of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority.

9

Recent Developments in Slovak Competition Law - Legislation and Case Law Review

70%

Šabová Z. , Fodorová K. , Lukáčová D.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

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2013

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tom 6(8)

223-243

10

Preliminary report on mineral suspension in the North Atlantic, the Baltic and the Norway Seas in summer

70%

Gurgul H. , Gurgul H.

|

nr 3-4

11

A reliable treatment of the homotopy analysis method for viscous flow over a non-linearly stretching sheet in presence of a chemical reaction and under influence of a magnetic field

70%

Dinarvand S.

Open Physics

|

2009

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tom 7

|

nr 1

114-122

EN

The similarity solution for the steady two-dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous and electrically conducting fluid over a non-linearly semi-infinite stretching sheet in the presence of a chemical reaction and under the influence of a magnetic field gives a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. These non-linear differential equations are analytically solved by applying a newly developed method, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The analytic solutions of the system of non-linear differential equations are constructed in the series form. The convergence of the obtained series solutions is carefully analyzed. Graphical results are presented to investigate the influence of the Schmidt number, magnetic parameter and chemical reaction parameter on the velocity and concentration fields. It is noted that the behavior of the HAM solution for concentration profiles is in good agreement with the numerical solution given in reference [A. Raptis, C. Perdikis, Int. J. Nonlinear Mech. 41, 527 (2006)].

12

Studies on carcinogenic PAHs emission generated by vehicles and its correlation to fuel and engine types

70%

Kumar V. , Kothiyal N. C. , Saruchi

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2014

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tom 16

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nr 1

48-58

EN

The objective of this study was to find major PAHs produced in ambient air from the automobile exhaust as a function of fuels (diesel, petrol, and biodiesel) and engine type qualitatively and quantitatively. The recovery range was found between 30% and 70%. The study was carried out on two, three, and four wheelers. Biodiesel samples tested in the study were synthesized indigenously from different starting raw materials and analyzed for PAHs concentration in the exhaust on a Honda genset (EBK 2000AC Model). Biodiesel samples were blended with diesel in different ratio (25:75, 35:65 and 45:55) to investigate the exhaust behavior. Biodiesel was blended with Diesel the concentration of almost all PAHs reduces in comparison to pure Diesel exhaust. B(a)A and B(a) P was the common PAH found in higher concentration in almost all fuels. FTIR results indicate esterification of vegetable oil and NMR results indicate a complete conversion of oils into biodiesel.

13

BANKING CONCENTRATION IN THE BALTIC AND WESTERN BALKAN STATES — SELECTED ISSUES

70%

Kubiszewska K.

|

nr 1

65-82

EN

Research background: In a rapidly changing economic environment companies deepen their cooperation, which occurs in all sectors of the economy. The progressive increase in market concentration, especially in the banking sector, is caused by various reasons. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the tendencies within market structures in few countries which origin from similar political systems and which have got experience in transformation of banking sectors. Methods: The research concerns the Baltic and the Western Balkan States. Concentration of the banking sectors, as measured by both HHI and CR5 indices changed during the quoted period, as a result of the consolidation of the sector. The study revealed a distinct change in the growth rate of market concentration and the number of banks, and is based on data provided by the local central banks and the European Central Bank. Findings & Value added: The situation in banking sectors in the Western Balkans differed significantly, which could be explained by strong economic ties, particularly with Germany and Austria. In this region, the raising concentration of the banking markets is related to the decreasing number of banks, while in the Sea Baltic States the increasing number of institutions is accomplished by the falling concentration ratio. The paper concerns the developments of the banking sectors which are not yet well described and do not belong to the mainstream of research in the Polish literature, meaning the region of the Western Balkans.

14

Induced Acyclic Tournaments in Random Digraphs: Sharp Concentration, Thresholds and Algorithms

70%

Dutta K. , Subramanian C. R.

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

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2014

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tom 34

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nr 3

467-495

EN

Given a simple directed graph D = (V,A), let the size of the largest induced acyclic tournament be denoted by mat(D). Let D ∈ D(n, p) (with p = p(n)) be a random instance, obtained by randomly orienting each edge of a random graph drawn from Ϟ(n, 2p). We show that mat(D) is asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) one of only 2 possible values, namely either b*or b* + 1, where b* = ⌊2(logrn) + 0.5⌋ and r = p−1. It is also shown that if, asymptotically, 2(logrn) + 1 is not within a distance of w(n)/(ln n) (for any sufficiently slow w(n) → ∞) from an integer, then mat(D) is ⌊2(logrn) + 1⌋ a.a.s. As a consequence, it is shown that mat(D) is 1-point concentrated for all n belonging to a subset of positive integers of density 1 if p is independent of n. It is also shown that there are functions p = p(n) for which mat(D) is provably not concentrated in a single value. We also establish thresholds (on p) for the existence of induced acyclic tournaments of size i which are sharp for i = i(n) → ∞. We also analyze a polynomial time heuristic and show that it produces a solution whose size is at least logrn + Θ(√logrn). Our results are valid as long as p ≥ 1/n. All of these results also carry over (with some slight changes) to a related model which allows 2-cycles

15

Competition Law in Macedonia in 2011-2012: New Perspectives and New Challenges

70%

Jashari A. , Ziba Memeti N.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2013

|

tom 6(8)

201-222

16

Obliczanie niepewności stężenia roztworu z wykorzystaniem wielkości względnych

60%

Kujawska A.

|

2006

|

tom R. 11, nr 6

30-31

17

Niepewność stężenia roztworu : wzorzec analityczny do absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej

60%

Kujawska A.

|

2006

|

tom R. 11, nr 4

36-38

18

Dystrybucja efektów koncentracji sektora piwowarskiego wśród dużych i małych przedsiębiorstw operujących na rynku polskim w latach 2004-2011

60%

Łobos K. , Szewczyk M.

Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development

|

2013

|

nr 4(30)

EN

Polish beer market is characterised by a high degree of concentration. The market share of Kompania Piwowarska, Grupa Żywiec and Carlsberg Polska is 90%. Many authors stress concentration as an important factor when explaining why various industries are more or less effective or more or less profitable. Firms from concentrated industries report, on average, higher profitability than those in non-concentrated industries. The aim of this paper is to analyse the differences of economic efficiency of large (group I) and small (group II) entities involved in the production of beer. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the test group of companies was based on selected financial ratios (return on assets, return on sales, inventory turnover, total debt ratio).

PL

Polski rynek piwa charakteryzuje się wysokim stopniem koncentracji. Kompania Piwowarska, Grupa Żywiec i Carlsberg Polska mają w sumie około 90% udział w rynku. Wyniki badań relacji pomiędzy stopniem koncentracji a rentownością przedsiębiorstw w sektorze wskazują, że rentowność przedsiębiorstw w sektorach skoncentrowanych jest wyższa, niż w tych o niskim stopniu koncentracji. Celem opracowania jest analiza różnic efektywności ekonomicznej dużych (grupa I) i mniejszych (grupa II) podmiotów zajmujących się produkcją piwa. Ocena efektywności badanej grupy przedsiębiorstw została oparta na wybranych wskaźnikach finansowych (rentowność aktywów, rentowność sprzedaży, rotacja zapasów, wskaźnik zadłużenia ogólnego).

19

Concentration of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market: selected issues

60%

CZESAK-STARŻYK J. M.

Central and Eastern European Journal of Management and Economics (CEEJME)

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2017

|

nr No. 2

257-270

EN

The article has been selected due to the need to determine the legal basis for the consolidation of entrepreneurs on the pharmaceutical market and to identify the difference from the common pattern established by the regulations set forth in the Competition and Consumer Protection Act dated 16 February 2007. The selection of an enactment (the Competition and Consumer Protection Act or the Pharmaceutical Law Act) as the appropriate basis for ruling shapes the legal status of an entrepreneur on the pharmaceutical market, in particular with respect to selecting specific remedies.

20

Pomiary stężenia dwutlenku węgla w sypialniach domku jednorodzinnego

60%

Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk K.

|

2008

|

tom R. 39, nr 6

32-34

PL

Podano wyniki pomiarów stężenia dwutlenku węgla w sypialni domu jednorodzinnego sypialni. Pomiary prowadzone były przed i po spaniu nocnym oraz przed i po spaniu dziennym. Źródłem dwutlenku węgla w badanych pomieszczeniach byli tylko ludzie: matka z 9 miesięczną córką w sypialni 1 oraz ojciec z 2,5 letnim synem w sypialni 2.

EN

Measurement results of carbon dioxide concentration in a sleeping room in a single-family house are given. The measurements were carried out before and after a night' sleep and before and after a day's sleep. The carbon dioxide sources were only a mother with her daughter in one sleeping room and a father with his son in the other.