Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Microbiological air rating in a variety of objects during treatment of the post-slaughter poultry wastes Part I. Escherichia coli

100%

Oraibi S. M. , Cybulska K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 5

17--21

EN

The presence of Escherichia coli in the air of facilities involved in management and composting of post-slaughter poultry wastes in selected plants of West Western Pomerania region was studied. Measurements were made on four dates in a variety of weather conditions during the year. The study was conducted at 5 objects that differ in the type of waste and the degree of preparation for composting. These were: chemical treatment and preliminary processing plant, liquid wastes reservoir, platform for preparation of materials for composting, storage of biological sediments, and composting facility. Measurement of bacteria count was carried out in accordance with the applicable procedures on selective chromogenic TBX medium. The assays revealed the presence of E. coli at all test objects, but not always on all measurement dates. It has been shown that the presence of E. coli was from 20 to 3047 CFUm-3 of air, although the largest quantities were most frequently detected in the air of the building for post-slaughter waste pre-treatment in chemical treatment plant.

2

Analysis of energy consumption of the process of composting dairy sludge in hyperbaric conditions

100%

Romankiewicz B. , Reguła M. , Różański R. , Potempska M. , Gaze B. , Knutel B. , Wojtko P. , Drozdovych I. , Kawa K.

Rynek Energii

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2023

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tom Nr 6

89--98

EN

The article presents the results of the energy consumption analysis of the process of composting dairy sewage sludge in hyperbaric conditions. The experiment assumed eight different tests, four of which took place with an air exchange frequency (tAE) of 4 h, and another four with tAE = 8 h. Additionally, the tests were carried out in four different pressure variants: 0 kPa (atmospheric pressure), 50 kPa, 100 kPa and 150 kPa. All tests were based on the same input material, characterized by an original humidity of 80% and a mass of 2000 g. During the sewage sludge composting process, various parameters of the obtained compost were analyzed, including moisture content, pH, loss on ignition (LOI), C:N ratio, nutrient content (P, K), and microbial respiratory activity (AT4). Electricity consumption was measured for each of the eight experiments, and the results were analyzed. The research aimed to determine the impact of various factors on the composting process and electricity consumption.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki analizy energochłonności procesu kompostowania mleczarskich osadów iekowych W warunkach hiperbarycznych. Eksperyment zakładał osiem różnych prób, z czego cztery. odbywały się częstotliwością wymiany powietrza (tAE) wynoszącą 4 h, a kolejne cztery z tAE = 8 h. Dodatkowo, badania były realizowane iczterech różnych wariantach ciśnienia: 0 kPa (ciśnienie atmosferyczne), 50 kPa, 100 kPa i 150 kPa. Wszystkie próby były arte na tym samym materiale wsadowym, charakteryzującym się pierwotną Wilgotnością na poziomie 80% i masą 2000 amów. Podczas procesu kOmpostowania osadu ściekowego analizowano różne parametry otrzymanego kompostu, w tym Wartość wilgoci, pH, straty przy prażeniu (LOI), stosunek C _.,N zawartość składników odżywczych (P, K) oraz aktywność fdechową mikroorganizmów (AT4). Dla każdego z ośmiu doświadczeń mierzono zużycie energii elektrycznej oraz zeprowadzono analizę uzyskanych wyników. Badania miały na celu określenie Wpływu różnych czynników na przebieg ocesu kompostowania oraz na zużycie energii elektrycznej.

3

Assessment of the loss of mass, organic substance and combustible elements in the waste biodegradation process

100%

Generowicz A. , Olek M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 2

67-69

EN

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the changes of the mass and amounts of organic substances and combustible elements in a biodegradation process. The prepared sample of organic waste constituted the material used for the tests. The composting process was being carried out for 9 weeks in field conditions. The samples for analyses were collected every 7 days. The content of a biodegradable fraction was determined according to the procedure described in the standard of PN - EN 15169: 2007 "Characterization of waste-Determination of loss on ignition in waste, sludge and sediments". Reduction of the mass of the organic waste during the composting process amounted to 35%. A significant content of organic fraction (about 60-70% after 9 weeks) remains in the composted waste; and the content of combustible elements is reduced (by about 30%.)

4

Presence of microorganisms at various stages of poultry wastes management. Part I. Keratinolytic microorganisms

100%

Wrońska I. , Cybulska K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 5

43--48

EN

Poultry waste management is a difficult and arduous process. This requires a number of steps of processing the organic substances included in the waste mass from poultry industry. These wastes, due to the high content of keratin, are hardly degradable. One of the possibilities of their decomposition is the use of highly-active microorganisms. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of keratinolytic microorganisms at the selected stages of poultry waste management. The research material consisted of slime originating from liquid waste reservoir, biological sludge, and proper compost. Analyses were performed on mineral substrates containing keratin as the only carbon source. Based on the study, the presence of keratinolytic microorganisms was found in all materials. The slime was the most numerously inhabited waste, while proper compost the least. Predominant group of microorganisms, regardless of the tested material type, was composed of bacteria.

5

Biodegradable plastics

100%

Kozłowski M. , Kozłowska A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Ochrony Środowiska Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2006

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tom Vol. 81, nr 12

25-30

PL

Omówiono aktualny stan w zakresie produkcji, zastosowań oraz perspektyw rozwojowych tworzyw polimerowych ulegających degradacji w środowisku naturalnym. Omówiono rodzaje tych tworzyw, technologie otrzymywania i właściwości w porównaniu do wielko tonażowych tworzyw sztucznych. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki własnych badań oraz inicjatywy badawcze Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie projektu BIOCOMP.

EN

Consumption of polymeric materials have increased worldwide for approximately 5 fold within recent 30 years (up to ca. 240 Mt) and this trend is expected to continue during following years. There should be 2 to 3 fold increase in plastics consumption, mainly due to increasing demand for plastics in developing countries. In parallel the amount of plastic waste will grow, demanding sound waste management in order to protect environment, health and living standards. Current practice for plastic waste management includes recovery and landfilling. Considering that sustainable development is the only viable social and economic model, one should reduce landfilling as much as possible. The European Union is planning to stop that practice in the year 2030.

6

Impact of reduced straw content on the sewage sludge composting process

100%

Sidełko R. , Walendzik B. , Smuga-Kogut M. , Janowska B. , Szymański K. , Głowacka A. , Leśniańska A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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tom Vol. 46, no. 4

70--77

EN

The main objective of presented research work was the assessment of the impact of reduced straw content, as organic carbon source, on the course of sewage sludge composting process. During the research work performed in industrial conditions, the composting process going in periodically overturned windrows differing in proportion of dehydrated sludge, straw and structural material being 4:1:1 and 8:1:2 respectively, was observed. The consequence of increase of sludge concentration with relation to straw was decrease of C:N ratio in the input material from 11.5 to 8.5. The following parameters were analyzed as indicators for the assessment of the composting process: contents of fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA), lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose as well as absorbance in UV/VIS (λ=280, 465 and 665 nm) range. The results obtained have indicated that the increase of sludge content extends the elevated temperature (T>50°C) period from 42 days to approximately 65 days. Our tests did not confirm that limitation of straw content added to sewage sludge had any adverse effect on the course of composting. PI index (HA/FA), which qualifies the compost as mature in the first case – No 1, exceeds limit value of 3.6 on the 83rd day whereas, in the second case No 2, on the 48th day.

7

Reduction of Odors from Composting Processes Using an Ecological Method

100%

Gałwa-Widera M. I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, nr 5

88--95

EN

The complete elimination of odorants from the gases released into the atmosphere is a practically impossible task. This is mainly due to the fact that they are released not only during the technological process itself, but also during unloading, reloading, and transport, which are components of the technological line and also sources of emissions. It is not always possible to encapsulate these stages. Many gases belonging to the group of odorous compounds, characterized by unpleasant odors, have a very low detection threshold. Thus, for the odor to be imperceptible, the compound must be completely removed from the exhaust gas. This task would involve the necessity to take into account the complete air-tight sealing already at the stage of design and construction of the installation. This article concerns the tests carried out in the composting plant in the field of protection against odors. In the experiment, a biofilter with a permanent filling with full process monitoring was used. The research was carried out to determine the process parameters for the real object.

8

Influence of Decreasing Supplementation to Transformation of Chemical Forms of Ni, Zn and Cu During Composting of Sewage Sludge

100%

Sidełko R. , Janowska B. , Leśniańska A. , Kraszewska K. , Grabowska K.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

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tom Tom 23

580--593

EN

This paper pertains to the influence of decreasing supplementation to transformation of chemical forms of Ni. Zn and Cu during composting of sewage sludge. A universally used supplementing material constituting a rich source of organic carbon is straw. Addition of straw to sewage sludge is aimed at increasing C/N proportion up to at least 15 due to the risk of formation of toxic forms of nitrogen, concentration of which in sewage sludge is exceptionally high. We have presented in this paper the results of speciation research of three elements applying Tessier’s sequential extraction. It’s been proven that decreasing of straw share in the composted mixture with sewage sludge down to the level of C/N value below the admissible value, has a beneficial effect on the allocation of tested heavy metals towards the forms that are permanently bound in compost matrix. A systematic increase of organic (IV) and residual (V) fractions share and decrease of mobile forms of heavy metals content in bioavailable fractions i.e. ion-exchange (I) and carbonate (II) has been ascertained.

9

A role of environmentally degradable plastics in waste management

100%

Chodak I.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Materiałoznawstwa i Mechaniki Technicznej Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2002

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tom Vol. 63, nr 10

27-32

EN

Currently valid recycling technologies have been reviewed and evaluated. Biodegradable plastics are considered as a viable option of plastics waste management. Recently, besides biodegradability, also compo stability is frequently required. Although biodegradable plastics are known for few decades, one has to remember, that biodegradation occurs only in appropriate environment, i.e. under the conditions where bacteria can grow. The advantage comparing to material recycling consists in a possibility of composting without expensive cleaning and sorting of a mixture of plastics. At present, a limited applications have started in fast food restaurants or in airline companies. Thermoplastic starch is of particular interest, because it is commercially available. The earlier starch compositions were based on blends with synthetic polymers, recently also with other biodegradable polymers.

PL

Dokonano przeglądu aktualnie stosowanych technologii recyklingu. Biodegradowalne tworzywa sztuczne stanowią obiecującą opcję zagospodarowania odpadów. W ostatnim czasie wymagana jest nie tylko biodegradowalność, ale także przydatność do kompostowania. Jakkolwiek tworzywa biodegradowalne znane są od kilkudziesięciu lat, należy pamiętać, że biodegradacja zachodzi jedynie we właściwych warunkach, tzn. takich, w których zachodzi wzrost bakterii. Zaletą tej metody recyklingu w porównaniu z recyklingiem materiałowym jest, że kompostowanie nie wymaga kosztownego mycia i sortowania. Aktualnie rozpoczęto próby aplikacji w restauracjach typu "fast food" oraz w liniach lotniczych. Szczególne znaczenie ma skrobia termoplastyczna, produkt dostępny handlowo. Pierwsze materiały stanowiły mieszaniny skrobi z polimerami syntetycznymi, natomiast ostatnio wprowadza się mieszaniny z polimerami biodegradowalnymi.

10

The concept of alteration and management of sewage sludge at the sewage treatment plant in Szamotuły

100%

Makowska M. , Sowinska A. , Spychała M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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tom nr IV/4

1961--1972

EN

Under applicable law (The Act on Fertilizers and Fertilization 2007) sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants is treated as waste. The article presents 5 variants of alteration and management of sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plant in Szamotuły. Some of them include the use of green mass that can be obtained as a result of urban greenery maintenance works. For the purpose of this article there was carried out a quantitative balance of sludge, taking into account different degrees of its hydration. There were also discussed the results of an experiment conducted on the semi-technical scale. The drying process took place under a plastic tunnel with a length of 10 m. Two series of sludge drying at different outdoor temperatures were carried out. The sludge drying time in conditions of high ambient temperatures (24-36˚C) was 18 days. There was also determined the dependance between hydration and drying time at lower temperatures. In the final analysis, there were employed two basic methods of sludge treatment: solar drying and composting. The introduction of new solutions removes numerous existing sludge disposal costs. The benefits will consist in the elimination of sludge disposal costs or sludge hygienisation costs.

11

Energetic efficiency of the sewage sludge composting process in dependence on structure of the additives

100%

Pilarski K. , Sołowiej P.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2013

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tom nr 16(1)

5--11

EN

Significant amount of the produced sewage sludge encourages to search for the most effective methods of its utilization. One of such methods is composting of the sewage sludge with various kinds of biological origin additives supporting the process. Temperature is one of most characteristic physical quantity which can describe the process course. The phase of the composting process can be defined on the basis of the temperature. The knowledge of the additives influence on the energetic efficiency of the process can help to optimize the course of composting and control it by delivering or receiving the energy surplus.

12

Metody zapobiegania odorom powstającym podczas pierwszej fazy procesu kompostowania

100%

Radlak M.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2007

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tom Nr 7-8

39-42

EN

Methods of preventing odours occu-ring during the first stage of composting process. Biofilter with compost bed - a scheme. Characteristics of filtering material (humidity, pH, filling temperature). Scheme of biological washer. Gas cleansing during the first stage of composting using chemical preparations. Acceleration of mineralization process. Osmogenic barriers technology. Method of absorption and compensation. Method of particles" chemical destruction.

13

Characterization and Bioavailability of Metallic Trace Elements in Different Organic Waste

88%

Doughmi A. , Elkafz G. , Benradi F. , Cherkaoui E. , Khamar M. , Nounah A. , Zouahri A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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tom Vol. 25, iss. 3

133--140

EN

It is important to address metabolic and heavy metal issues in organic waste through sustainable development, circular economy principles and effective solid waste management, particularly focusing on composting as a crucial approach recognized in Morocco’s Green Generation Plan to reduce waste sent to landfills and mitigate greenhouse effects and gas emissions to fight against environmental pollution. This study aims to elevate the significance of organic waste in agriculture by employing composting technics, thereby mitigating its heavy metal content and safeguarding soil and farmland against various forms of contamination. This approach aligns seamlessly with the principles of sustainable development and the circular economy, advocating for responsible waste management and the augmentation of natural resource value. The findings of the study indicated a decrease in heavy metal levels across all composts, with a minimum values at the end of the composting in Gr compost recorded in all heavy metals analyzed (Pb – 0.1125 mg·kg-1, Cd – 0.08 mg·kg-1, Cr – 2.22 mg·kg-1, Zn – 10.88 mg·kg-1, Mn – 28.85 mg·kg-1, Cu –8.30 mg·kg-1, Fe – 545.18 mg·kg-1 and Ni – 1 mg·kg-1). The findings from the assessment of heavy metal levels in the examined compost samples demonstrate their adherence to regulatory standards. Consequently, these composts can be confidently employed as organic soil enhancers, contributing to the enrichment of agricultural soils and fostering plant growth, all while avoiding the potential hazard of undue metal contamination. This study comes to confirm and consolidate previous works findings regarding the valorization of organic solid waste through composting and to minimize their major environmental risks by reducing trace metal elements through this biological process.

14

Reduction of Odor Nuisance from the Composting Process

88%

Gałwa-Widera M. , Kwarciak-Kozłowska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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tom Vol. 20, nr 6

84--89

EN

Biofiltration is the biological degradation of gaseous pollutants and is one methods of deodorizing disruptive malodorous gases. Micro-organisms play a central role in this process. As a result of their work, non-toxic compounds are produced. Biofiltration belongs to the methods that are low to non-waste producing. This is an alternative to classical methods used so far. The research on the improvement of process parameters and increasing its efficiency is being carried out. The applied solutions referred to above still constitute unresolved problem and for this reason are seldom used. This article presents a mechanism for biofiltration of odorous gases. The article is devoted to the mechanism of malodorous gases biofiltration on the basis of a study carried out on the half-scale support.

15

Biodegradation of starch-based films in conditions of nonindustrial composting

88%

Czaja-Jagielska N. , Melski K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2013

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tom 22

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nr 4

EN

Our study tested the susceptibility of biodegradable films to degradation in non-industrial composting conditions. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the films studied were shown by the tests of strength, weight loss, and microscopic images. After about 9 weeks of composting, many hollows and pits appeared in the surface of the foils studied and their mechanical parameters were significantly decreased, which proved the loss of biodegradable components.

16

Reduction of Odour Nuisance of Industrial Plants – Biofiltering in Composting Plants

88%

Gałwa-Widera M. , Kwarciak-Kozłowska A. , Bień J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 19, nr 5

135--143

EN

Composting produces several hundred different substances. Among them, active fragrance compounds constitute a considerable number. Composting technology and the method of conducting the process are important elements. Due to the different ways of conducting the composting process, there are also areas of odour emissions as well as the volume of emissions. Depending on whether the process is conducted statically or dynamically, in a natural or artificial way and also in an open (e.g. field prism) or closed system (reactors, containers, encapsulated plots), the amount of odourant emitted will be uneven. One of the methods is the use of biofiltration. The biological filter for air purification is designed to remove volatile air pollutants leaving various installations. By using a suitable filter bed, total organic and inorganic carbon, sulfur and nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide can be reduced. They are part of the odours that emerge, for example, from a composting plant. The use of biofilter eliminates polluting emissions, which in practice means reducing the negative impact on the environment and neutralizing odours. The article presents the results of biogas analysis generated in the composting process and ecological methods of removing odorants in the biofiltration process. Two types of filling were used to fill the biofilter. Both are fully biodegradable. It has been shown that these fillings have a high impact on the development of biofilm, and thus on the reduction of pollution.

17

Bioremediation of Iron on Diamond Post Mining Soil Using Compost Made from Cow Manure and Traditional Market Organic Waste

88%

Mahyudin R. P. , Firmansyah M. , Purwanti M. A. , Najmina D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 5

221--228

EN

The purpose of this research was to improve the diamond post-mining soil quality using a bioremediation composting method based on the cow manure and organic waste from a traditional market. This research was conducted for: 1) identifying the conditions for temperature, pH and moisture during the composting process; 2) analyzing the difference of variations in composition and the best composting durations. The bioremediation method used is open windrow composting, divided into four composition variations, namely variation A (100% soil); B (75% soil: 25% compost); C (50% soil: 50% compost); D (25% soil: 75% compost). The variations of composting duration are 15th and 30th days. From the result of two-way ANOVA test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the decrease of Fe value due to the variations in composition ratio and duration of composting.

18

Characteristics of Municipal Waste Biodegradable Fraction and Evaluation of its Processing

88%

Meller E. , Jarnuszewski G. , Rogalska P. , Baran M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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tom Vol. 16, nr 5

133--137

EN

A growing interest in Renewable Energy Sources initiated the use of biogas as an energy generating material. Biodegradable waste coming from different streams is an important resource for biogas production. The studies were conducted on 20–80 mm fraction of municipal waste separated by rotary screen in the technological process of The Waste Recovery and Storage Plant in Leśno Górne. Morphological composition of the examined waste and their parameters determining their usefulness for composting and fermentation were analysed. On the basis of organic carbon content, the amount of biogas that may be produced from 1 kg of waste was estimated. An approximate amount of biogas which can be obtained in the process of methane fermentation from energy piles, formed from 10 000 Mg of waste was also calculated. Depending on the temperature it was from. 2.8 to 3.8 mln m3.

19

The Removal of Organic Acids and Aldehydes from Gases Emitted from Composting Municipal Waste

88%

Wierzbińska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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tom Vol. 22, nr 3

58--66

EN

The article describes an experiment conducted under industrial (real) conditions in a municipal waste composting facility. The waste gases emitted from composting processes were passed through an experimental installation built in a semi-technical scale. The installation consisted of two biofilters which were filled with different aluminosilicate beds with average granulation of 4–10 mm. The sorbents were inoculated with a mixture of microorganisms bred on the mineral bed, previously operating in the tank with the waste from that composting facility. Malodorous gases were passed through the installation and concentrations of organic acids and aldehydes before and after passing through biofilters with the examined sorbents. The aim of the experiment was to determine which of the two mineral sorbents better removes the analysed contaminations from post-production gases. The experiment lasted for a month, as difficult and highly variable industrial conditions caused problems with operation and the experiment was suddenly interrupted. The study will be continued after the introduction of design changes in the installation. After the month of conducting the study it can be conclude that in the first weeks of the study, before the dampness of sorbents took place, halloysite reduced the concentrations of acetic acid in 80–99%, and of acetaldehyde in 96–98%. The other aluminosilicate caused a drop in the concentrations by 97–98% and 92–86%, respectively. Moreover, in the experiment planned in the semi-technical scale, it was not possible to determine the overall performances of mineral biofilters due to unstable operating conditions and ending the experiment prematurely. The halloysite sorbent finally turned out to be potentially the more efficient than the other aluminosilicate sorbent.

20

Speciation of heavy metals during co-composting of livestock manure

88%

Gul S. , Naz A. , Fareed I. , Khan A. , Irshad M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2015

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tom Vol. 17, nr 3

19--23

EN

Heavy metals determination in manures provides beneficial information to predict the availability and the potential contamination of environment. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate heavy metals changes in livestock manure during a co-composting process. The metals were stepwise fractionated into exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate precipitated and residual forms by extracting with 0.5M KNO3, de-ionized water, 0.5M NaOH, 0.05M Na2EDTA and 4M HNO3, respectively. During the extraction process, the amount of metals remained highly dependent on an extraction method and stage of manure composting. Extractions released heavy metals contents in the final composted manure as Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Irrespective of the days of composting, extracting agents differed in the order HNO3 > Na2EDTA > NaOH > KNO3 > H2O for all heavy metals. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were observed during the early stages of composting. Conversely, there was a progressive increase in the concentrations of K, Ca and Mg during composting of manure. Total C in the manure reduced with composting days.