Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Complexity of scheduling of coupled tasks with chains precedence constraints and constant even length of the gap

100%

Ecker K. , Tanaś M.

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tom Vol. 32, No. 3

199-212

EN

The coupled tasks scheduling was originally introduced for modelling complex radar devices. It is still used for controlling such devices and applied in similar applications. This paper considers a problem of coupled tasks scheduling on one processor, under the assumptions that all processing times are equal to 1, the gap has an exact even length and the precedence constraints are strict. Although it is proven that the problem stated above is NP-hard in the strong sense if the precedence constraints have a form of a general graph, it is possible to solve some of its relaxed versions in polynomial time. This paper containts a solution for the problem of coupled tasks scheduling with assumption that the precedence constraints graph has a form of chains and it presents an algorithm which can solve the problem with such assumption in time O(n log n).

2

The emancipation of the langugae learner

80%

Larsen-Freeman D.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2012

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tom 2

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nr 3

297-309

EN

The general trend in language education over the years has been to ascribe to language learners increasing power and responsibility for their own learning. While this is commendable, the autonomy of learners is still constrained by views of language that see learners as being mere “hosts” of another’s language. Such views restrict learners to roles as language learners who make errors not language users who innovate. This article argues for a more enlightened view of language and of learners, one inspired by a complexity theory perspective. It also proposes that such a perspective is respectful of learner agency.

3

Models for dependable computation with multiple inputs and some hardness results

80%

Wang Y. , Desmedt Y. , Burmester M.

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2000

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tom Vol. 42, Nr 1

61-73

EN

We consider the problem of dependable computation with multiple inputs. The goal is to study when redundancy can help to achieve survivability and when it cannot. We use AND/OR graphs to model fault tolerant computations with multiple inputs. While there is a polynomial time algorithm for finding vertex disjoint paths in networks, we will show that the equivalent problem in computation systems with multiple inputs is NP-hard. Our main results are as follows. We present a general model for fault tolerant computation systems with multiple inputs: AND/OR graphs. We show that it is NP-hard to find two vertex disjoint solution graphs in an AND/OR graph. It follows that in the general case redundancy cannot help to achieve survivability, assuming P= NP.

4

ZASTOSOWANIE POZIOMÓW ZŁOŻONOŚCI W CZWARTEJ DRODZE TOMASZA Z AKWINU

80%

KRZOS B. , SADŁOCHA Ł.

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nr 1

7-17

EN

Theology as a science draws material from various sources. There are those having their basis on the authority (the Bible and sacred tradition), ‘signs of the times’, humanities and natural sciences. Among them it is the natural science that is a flashpoint of different disputes arising between theology and natural sciences. Nevertheless, one is not allowed to reject natural sciences since they mould a human perception of the world. The aim of the article is to present the use of the levels of complexity having their roots in natural sciences in the Fourth Way of Saint Aquinas. Hierarchical levels of reality are a common element of these two concepts. There will also be made an attempt to update the argument.

5

The self as a complex dynamic system

80%

Mercer S.

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2011

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tom 1

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nr 1

57-82

EN

This article explores the potential offered by complexity theories for understanding language learners’ sense of self and attempts to show how the self might usefully be conceived of as a complex dynamic system. Rather than presenting empirical findings, the article discusses existent research on the self and aims at outlining a conceptual perspective that may inform future studies into the self and possibly other individual learner differences. The article concludes by critically considering the merits of a complexity perspective but also reflecting on the challenges it poses for research.

6

The self as a complex dynamic system

80%

Mercer S.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2011

|

tom 1

|

nr 1

57-82

EN

This article explores the potential offered by complexity theories for understanding language learners’ sense of self and attempts to show how the self might usefully be conceived of as a complex dynamic system. Rather than presenting empirical findings, the article discusses existent research on the self and aims at outlining a conceptual perspective that may inform future studies into the self and possibly other individual learner differences. The article concludes by critically considering the merits of a complexity perspective but also reflecting on the challenges it poses for research.

7

The emancipation of the language learner

80%

Larsen-Freeman D.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2012

|

tom 2

|

nr 3

297-309

EN

The general trend in language education over the years has been to ascribe to language learners increasing power and responsibility for their own learning. While this is commendable, the autonomy of learners is still constrained by views of language that see learners as being mere “hosts” of another’s language. Such views restrict learners to roles as language learners who make errors not language users who innovate. This article argues for a more enlightened view of language and of learners, one inspired by a complexity theory perspective. It also proposes that such a perspective is respectful of learner agency.

8

Socjologia wobec złożoności współczesnego świata

60%

Drozdowski R. , Szlendak T.

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2013

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nr 4(211)

7-17

PL

W artykule prezentujemy cztery strategie socjologii wobec społecznej złożoności oraz wobec rozwoju nauk o złożoności. Strategia pierwsza sprowadza się do ogłoszenia przez socjologię własnego bankructwa lub postawienia się w roli skromnego konsorcjanta w ramach transdyscyplinarnych przedsięwzięć badawczych. Strategia druga to podkupienie stylu eksplanacyjnego i kultury metodologicznej nauk o złożności. Strategia trzecia to zaciąganie u teorii złożoności długu terminologicznego. Strategia czwarta zaś, najtrudniejsza, to rozwijanie własnej, socjologicznej teorii złożoności.

EN

The paper presents four strategies that sociology employs in the face of social complexity and the development of complexity science. The first strategy comes down to announcing bankruptcy on the part of the discipline or playing the role of a minor consortium member in transdisciplinary research projects within complexity science. The second strategy is 'buying' the explanatory style and methodological culture of complexity science. The third one is becoming indebted to complexity theory terminology. The fourth strategy, the most difficult one, is to develop its own, distinct sociological theory of complexity.

9

The dynamism of strategic learning: Complexity theory in strategic L2 development

60%

Amerstorfer C. M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2020

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tom 10

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nr 1

21-44

EN

Learners of foreign languages (L2s) apply strategies to support learning processes and L2 development. They select strategies according to their individual needs and preferences and adjust their strategic actions to suit situational circumstances and contextual conditions. A holistic investigation of strategic L2 learning processes requires the integration of numerous interconnected, flexibly-interacting influences, which are at constant interplay with each other and whose development is difficult to predict. Validated as effective in other fields of applied linguistics, complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) can also provide an appropriate frame for researching strategic L2 learning. Based on state-of-the-art methodological guidance for complexity research, this article presents the re-analysis of empirical data from a previous study through a complexity lens. It further examines the suitability of CDST in strategy research, explores its practical value, and demonstrates that a complexity perspective can generate new, profound information about strategic learning.

10

Niepełnosprawność i złożoność

51%

Rudnicki S.

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nr 2(213)

43-61

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaadaptowanie elementów tzw. teorii złożoności (complexity theory) do analizy działania systemu instytucjonalnego wsparcia osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce. Zgodnie z główną tezą tekstu, wytwarzanie przez systemy instytucjonalne złożoności i obciążanie koniecznością jej redukowania samych osób niepełnosprawnych jest istotnym mechanizmem ich dyskryminacji. Dodatkowo, podstawowe problemy związane z efektywnością funkcjonowania instytucjonalnego wsparcia wynikają z nieumiejętnego radzenia sobie przez system instytucjonalny ze złożonością zjawiska, jakim jest niepełnosprawność. Empirycznej ilustracji do stawianych tez dostarczają dane zebrane w trakcie 60 wywiadów pogłębionych oraz 2 warsztatów, przeprowadzonych z ekspertami w dziedzinie niepełnosprawności. Przeprowadzona analiza nie tylko wzbogaca refleksję nad niepełnosprawnością o nowe wątki teoretyczne, ale także wskazuje kierunki pożądanych zmian w obszarze polityki społecznej.

EN

The purpose of the article is to adapt elements of the so-called complexity theory to analyzing the operations of the system of institutional support for disabled persons in Poland. According to the main thesis of the article, complexities produced by the institutional systems and putting the burden of reducing it on the disabled persons themselves is an important mechanism of discrimination. Additionally, the basic problems related to the effectiveness of institutional support result from lack of competence in the institutional system’s dealing with the complexity of the phenomenon of disability. An empirical illustration of the thesis is drawn from the data gathered during 60 interviews and 2 workshops, conducted with the experts in the field of disability. The analysis not only contributes new theoretical insights to the reflection on disability, but it also indicates the direction of desirable developments in social policy.

11

Dynamika nieliniowa w badaniach ekonomicznych

51%

Jakimowicz A.

Didactics of Mathematics

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2011

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nr 8 (12)

39-54

EN

Nonlinear dynamics is a multidisciplinary branch of science which encompasses two major concepts of modern science: the deterministic chaos theory and the complexity theory. It also feeds on the rich achievements of cybernetics and the catastrophe theory. Over the recent years, nonlinear dynamics has contributed to considerable progress in system theories as a result of introduction of numerical methods on a broader scale. Initially, they were employed in natural sciences, however, as a result of interdisciplinary diffusion they quickly became common in social sciences, mainly in economics. It was possible thanks to isomorphisms that exist in science, which are based on logical homologies. The introduction of new methods into economics is necessary, since economic systems belong to the most complex dynamical systems that we know of. Moreover, we observe a steady increase in the degree of their complexity, which should be attributed to civilization progress. This is how studies on economic complexity become a central issue of contemporary economics. Numerical explorations of archetypal economic systems show that the increase in the degree of complexity beyond a certain upper limit destroys their adaptive capabilities. It serves as a guideline for societies, namely the prime goal of economic policy should be decreasing complexity of markets and economies. However, it turns out that it is not always possible, because a reduction of chaos can increase systems’ instability.

12

GaMeDE2 - improved Gap–based Memetic Differential Evolution applied to multi–modal optimisation

41%

Antkiewicz M. , Myszkowski P. B. , Laszczyk M.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2022

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tom Vol. 30

291--300

EN

This paper presents an improved Gap-based Memetic Differential Evolution (GaMeDE2), the modification of the GaMeDE method, which took second place in the GECCO 2020 Competition on Niching Methods for Multi-modal Optimization. GaMeDE2 has reduced complexity, fewer parameters, redefined initialisation, selection operator, and removed processing phases. The method is verified using standard benchmark function sets (classic ones and CEC2013) and a newly proposed benchmark set comprised of deceptive functions. A detailed comparison to state-of-the-art methods (like HVCMO and SDLCSDE) is presented, where the proposed GaMeDE2 outperforms or gives similar results to other methods. The document is concluded by discussing various insights on the problem instances and the methods created as a part of the research.

13

Three-way learnability: A learning theoretic perspective on Three-way Decision

41%

Campagner A. , Ciucci D.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2022

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tom Vol. 30

243--246

EN

In this article we study the theoretical properties of Three-way Decision (TWD) based Machine Learning, from the perspective of Computational Learning Theory, as a first attempt to bridge the gap between Machine Learning theory and Uncertainty Representation theory. Drawing on the mathematical theory of orthopairs, we provide a generalization of the PAC learning framework to the TWD setting, and we use this framework to prove a generalization of the Fundamental Theorem of Statistical Learning. We then show, by means of our main result, a connection between TWD and selective prediction.

14

Efficient Deep Learning Approach for Olive Disease Classification

41%

Bruno A. , Moroni D. , Martinelli M.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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tom Vol. 35

889--894

EN

Olive culture is one of the most important for the Mediterranean countries. In recent years, the role of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture is increasing: its use ranges from monitoring of cultivated soil, to irrigation management, to yield prediction, to autonomous agricultural robots, to weed and pest classification and management for example by taking pictures using a standard smartphone or a unmanned aerial vehicle, and all this eases human work and makes it even more accessible. In this work, we propose a method for olive diseases classification, based on an adaptive ensemble of two EfficientNet-b0 models, that improves the state-of-the-art accuracy on a publicly available dataset by 1.6-2.6%. Both in terms of number of parameters and on number of operations, our method reduces complexity roughly by 50% and 80\% respectively, that is a level not seen in at least a decade. Due to its efficiency, this method is also embeddable into a smartphone application for real-time processing.

15

A GPU approach to distance geometry in 1D: an implementation in C/CUDA

41%

Hengeveld S. B. , Mucherino A.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2022

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tom Vol. 30

333--336

EN

We present a GPU implementation in C and CUDA of a matrix-by-vector procedure that is particularly tailored to a special class of distance geometry problems in dimension 1, which we name “paradoxical DGP instances”. This matrix-by-vector reformulation was proposed in previous studies on an optical processor specialized on this kind of computations. Our computational experiments shows that a large speed-up is observed when comparing our GPU implementation against a standard algorithm for distance geometry, called the Branch-and-Prune algorithm. These results confirm that a suitable implementation of the matrix-by-vector procedure in the context of optic computing is very promising. We also remark, however, that the total number of detected solutions grows with the instance size in our implementations, which appears to be an important limitation to the effective implementation of the optical processor.