Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Uwarunkowania klimatu akustycznego pomieszczen szkol podstawowych

100%

Koszarny Z. , Jankowska D.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1995

|

tom 46

|

nr 3

305-314

PL

Praca omawia wpływ czynników pozaakustycznych na hałas występujący w pomieszczeniach szkolnych. Autorzy próbują określić rolę poszczególnych czynników, a także zakres i możliwości ich wykorzystania do poprawy sytuacji.

EN

The evaluation of acoustic conditions in four elementary schools showed high levels of noise inside schools, especially in corridors. It refľers mainly public schools, which generally are overcrowded. During breaks the most frequent noise level is 86 dB but in some parts of corridors approaches values 95-98 dB. During lessons the noise in corridors decreases to about 64 dB. However during physical exercizes which take place in corridors the noise level in corridors increases up to 75-80 dB. In public schools the noise levels in corridors both during lessons and breaks are higher about 12 dB than in private schools. However during lessons in classrooms those differences are quite lower. The noise level during lessons depends mainly on number of pupils, subject of the lesson, year of schooling and period of duration of the lesson. Considerable growth of noise occurs in classes above 20 pupils and at initial and final period of the lesson. The most favourable acoustic conditions are in classes below 15 pupils but in classes above 20 pupils the noise levels increase average about 4 dB. In spite of common opinion the noise level is lower in classes with younger children than in classes with older children. In older classes the noise is higher average about 3 dB. The noise in classroom depends also on manner of teaching and type of tasks performed by schoolchildren. The work in group is noisiest (average more 8 dB than during lectures). It reffers especially to gymnastics lessons during group games. In this case the noise levels usually are above 90 dB. However it was not observed significant differences in daily or weekly distribution of the noise level during lessons. Resultant daily noise exposure of schoolchildrens during their schooltime is 80 dB (or sometimes 85 dB) in public schools and 72 dB in private schools. Average noise exposure in public schools approaches critical values accepted for hearing protection for adolescents during apprenticeship.

2

Wystepowanie i ocena halasow niskiej czestotliwosci w budynkach mieszkalnych

100%

Koszarny Z. , Jankowska D.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1998

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tom 49

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nr 3

347-363

PL

Praca prezentuje wyniki badań tych rodzajów hałasu niskiej częstotliwości, które mimo zgodności z normami stanowiły źródło uciążliwości dla mieszkańców.

EN

Low-frequency noise emitted into the environment by technical equipment in the residential buildings, including equipment of workshops for services or production near these buildings, was measured. In the spectrum of noise derived from installations and equipment in residential buildings and shops low frequency (20-125 Hz) sounds and infrasounds (below 20 Hz) were detected. Their sources were mainly pumps in hydrophors, lifts, cooling machinery, central heating, air conditioning and ventilating installations. The anlysed noise was in a small degree only damped by partitions in buildings and penetrated more easily than higher-frequency noise, without exceeding usually the permitted levels. Noises with dominating low-frequency sounds are regarded by the inhabitants as troublesome and causing various adverse psychosomatic effects, such as pulsation feeling, somnolence, headaches, nausea etc. The present system of noise assessment leaves low-frequency noise aside and fails to protect sufficiently the inhabitants against this nuisance.

3

Ocena stanu zdrowia i samopoczucia ludnosci zamieszkalej w zroznicowanych warunkach akustycznych

80%

Koszarny Z.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2001

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tom 52

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nr 2

165-178

PL

Na podstawie długoterminowych badań dokonano oceny wpływu hałasu drogowego na stan zdrowia i samopoczucie mieszkańców wielkich miast. Porównanie ocen stanu zdrowia i samopoczucia mieszkańców z odmiennych warunków akustycznych wskazuje na występowanie istotnego związku między hałasem a wymienionymi czynnikami.

EN

Comparative analysis among 357 inhabitants, who live in two areas: noisy (above 70 dB /Af) and moderate (below 57 dB /A/) showed significant differences between the groups in many variables under consideration. This differences, after eliminating socio-economic influences and behavior factors such as: gender, age, economical conditions, education or smoking confirmed existance of relation between living condition caused by motorization and life quality, well-being and self assessed health of inhabitants. Details showed, that urban intensive traffic noise disturbs realization of many important daily activities, evoke emotional tension, irritation, nervousness. In group of people from noisy areas more often are observed characteristic mental pressure caused by noise, throat and eyes irritation, disturbances in rest, speach, listen to music, sleep, and when going to sleep. Feeling of discomfort and annoyance dominates. More often there is a need to close or seal up the windows, use earplugs or take a sleeping pills. Relative risk of appearance of disturbances mentioned above or mental and emotional reactions in group of people who are exposed to high noise from 3 do 6 times bigger in comparison with people from quiet area. Apart from a decrease in the mental comfort and live quality, intensive traffic noise has a big influance on well-being and self assessed health status. The intensification of complaints and symptoms of neurotic character are observed in noisy areas. Most of these problems are connected with cardiovascular system (palpitation, constriction in chest, hot flush, tiredness after effort) and excessive nervous stimulation. Long lasting influence of noise is probably also a cause for a frequent nervousness, feeling of tiredness after night sleep and overstress, troubles with concentration or distinct reduction of well-being (feel unhappy and miserable, inability to cope with troubles, reduce ability to take of decisions). Addditionally, the escalation of troubles probably connected with bigger air pollution (frequent dry cough, sneezing, nasal stuffing) is observed in areas of intensive traffic noise. Relative risk of appearance mentioned above unfavourably health symptoms in group of peoply from noisy areas is about 1,5 times higher than in areas below 57 dB /А/. Analised data did not confirm hypothesis on influence of traffic noise on increasing appearance of diseases confirmed by physician. In both areas noisy and quiet morbidity are similar. Also consumption of medicines was similar.

4

Zmiennosc rownowaznego poziomu halasu drogowego w aspekcie ustalania kryteriow jego oceny

80%

Koszarny Z.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1999

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tom 50

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nr 2

179-190

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano zmienność równoważnego poziomu dźwięku hałasu drogowego o dużej intensywności ruchu w zależności od przyjmowanych czasów odniesienia, pory doby i dni tygodnia. Określono wpływ czynnika czasu na zmienność hałasu i ocenę jego prognozowania w świetle obowiązujących i proponowanych standardów akustycznych.

EN

This article includes analysis of variability of equivalent traffic noise level of great intensity together with regard to variable time references. It also concerns normative times applied and proposed in Poland. It was discoverd, that short-term measurements - 30 or 60 min, usually don't reflect environmental acoustic conditions precisely. Long-term measurements and measurements conducted in the first night hour are characterized by great repeatability. The difference beetween is merely two dB. The above range of variability is an exact measure of valuation of acoustic conditions. Newly introduced system of regulations in Poland, the concerns protection of environment make the acoustic requirements 2-3 dB less severe with reference to previous ones. According to present system of noise measurement the difference in equivalent noise levels between day and night is 4-6 dB. Less difference occurs in in districts of intense traffic and through traffic.

5

Plastycznosc pamieciowa mozgu bialych szczurow narazonych dlugookresowo na tytan w wodzie do picia

80%

Szulinski S. , Strusinski A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2001

|

tom 52

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nr 1

35-39

PL

Białym szczurom samcom podawano przez szesnaście miesięcy z wodą do picia roztwory wodne chlorku tytanu (ТіСlЗ) w stężeniach 5 i 25 mg w litrze. Po trzech i piętnastu miesiącach narażenia wykonano test sprawności różnicowania i zapamiętywania bodźców wzrokowych przez szczury. Stwierdzono, iż długotrwałe podawanie tytanu nie powodowało istotnych różnic w efektywności uczenia się szczurów z tych grup w porównaniu z wynikami grupy kontrolnej.

EN

The experiment was conducted on male white rats from breeding base of the National Institute of Hygiene: WIS own breeding. During sixteen months the drinking water with ТiСl3 in concentrations 5 and 25 mg/1, what is equivalent respectively 0,45 and 2,25 mg per 1 kg of daily weight of rats, was given the animals. After 3 and 15 months of exposure the rats were taught to differentiate and remember sight effects. The investigation of each cluster of rats, living previously in the same cage, was going non-stop by 24 hours for 5 days. The training was carried on in the special adopted cages making possible to record all correct and incorrect attempts in daylong cycle. Percentage indicator, the ratio of mistakes to all number of the attempts, was used for assessment the training effectiveness in each group and the result in intoxicated group were compared with control group. During the whole time of exposition the supplying drinking water with ТiСl3 in concentrations 5 and 25 mg/1 has not caused changes in rats confirming possibility to evoke disorders of brain memory plasticity.

6

Wlasciwosci akustyczne pomieszczen szkolnych

80%

Koszarny Z. , Chyla A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2003

|

tom 54

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nr 3

311-320

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę właściwości akustycznych pomieszczeń szkolnych w placówkach zbudowanych w latach 70. i współcześnie. Podstawowym parametrem oceny był czas pogłosu i proporcje akustyczne pomieszczeń. Kryterium oceny stanowiły przepisy stosowane w krajach europejskich i zalecenia ekspertów WHO.

EN

Quality and usefulness of school rooms for transmission of verbal information depends on the two basic parameters: form and quantity of the reverberation time, and profitable line measurements of school rooms from the acoustic point of view. An analysis of the above-mentioned parameters in 48 class rooms and two gymnasiums in schools, which were built in different periods, shows that the most important problem is connected with too long reverberation time and inappropriate acoustic proportions. In schools built in the 1970s, the length of reverberation time is mostly within a low frequency band, while in schools built contemporarily, the maximum length of disappearance time takes place in a quite wide band of 250-2000 Hz. This exceeds optimal values for that kind of rooms at least twice, and five times in the newly built school. A long reverberation time is connected with a low acoustic absorption of school rooms. Moreover, school rooms are characterised by inappropriate acoustic proportions. The classrooms, in their relation to the height, are too long and too wide. It is connected with deterioration of the transmission of verbal information. The data show that this transmission is unequal. Automatically, it leads to a speech disturbance and difficulties with understanding. There is the need for adaptation of school rooms through increase of an acoustic absorption.

7

Uwarunkowania klimatu akustycznego pomieszczen szkol ogolnoksztalcacych w porownaniu ze szkolami podstawowymi

80%

Koszarny Z. , Jankowska D.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

1996

|

tom 47

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nr 4

423-429

PL

Praca omawia wpływ czynników pozaakustycznych na hałas występujący w pomieszczeniach szkolnych. Autorzy próbują określić rolę poszczególnych czynników, a także zakres i możliwości ich wykorzystania dla poprawy sytuacji

EN

The evaluation of acoustic conditions in four high schools showed that acoustic climate in high schools is more favourable than in elementary schools. During breaks the noise in corridors is about 77 dB (about 9 dB lower than in elementary schools). During lessons these differences are lower. In comparison to the elementary schools the noise level both in the corridors and in the classrooms is about 5 dB lower (60 і 62 dB respectively). During lessons the noise level depends mainly on number of pupils, manner of teaching, a type of task performed by schoolchildren and the day of the week. The work in groups is noisiest (average more 5 - 7 dB than during lectures). The more favourable acoustic conditions are in classes below 25 pupils but in classes above 30 pupils the noise level during lessons increases about 3dB. The noise in classroom depends also on period of duration of the lesson and the day of the week. However it was not observed significant differences in daily distribution of the noise level, subject of the lesson or year of schooling. Resultant daily noise exposure of schoolchildren in high schools during their school time is 73 dB and is about 7 dB lower than in elementary schools.

8

Zastosowanie podloza Chapmana i Baird-Parkera do izolacji gronkowcow z wody basenow kapielowych

70%

Szlachta R. , Wasilewska E. , Krogulska B.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1998

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

87-91

9

Akredytacja laboratoriow Panstwowej Inspekcji Sanitarnej wojewodztwa pomorskiego

61%

Orkiszewska I.

Problemy Jakości

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2005

|

tom 37

|

nr 07

48-52

10

Wplyw przewodow wodociagowych na jakosc wody do picia

61%

Wichrowska B. , Zycinski D. , Krogulska B. , Szlachta R. , Ranke-Rybicka B. , Kozlowski J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

|

1997

|

tom 48

|

nr 4

415-423

PL

Wykonano porównawcze badania fizyko-chemiczne, bakteriologiczne i hydro- biologiczne wody do picia przesyłaną rurociągami z polipropylenu, polichlorku winylu, miedzi i stali. Stwierdzono, że niezależnie od rodzaju powodów jakość wody odpowiadała wymaganiom zawartym w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Zdrowia i Opieki Społecznej i nie budziła zastrzeżeń pod względem zdrowotnym.

EN

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of various pipelines on drinking water quality. For the study carried out in Warsaw buildings were chosen in which the installations were made of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, copper and steel. Water samples were taken from the sites of water leading to the buildings and from the highest floors, if possible. Physicochemical studies included determination of turbidity, colour, odour, pH, hardness, chlorides, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, oxidability, maganese, iron, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc content. Bacteriological tests included determination of total microorganism count at 20° C and 37°C, total number of sporing bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The hydrobiological testing of water samples included quantitative and qualitative analysis of macroscopic and microscopic plant and animal organisms. All studies were carried out according to Polish Standards and the methods of the State Institute of Hygiene. The results of the physicochemical, bacteriological and hydrobiological tests failed to show any effect of the material of pipelines on the quality of drinking water in the range of the determined parameters.