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Selected silk coffin upholstery from 17th and 18th centuries on Polish lands

100%

Grupa M. , Majorek M. , Grupa D.

Sprawozdania Archeologiczne

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2014

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tom 66

399–416

EN

Originating from wealthy families, funerals that took place in the 17th and 18th c were in fact theatrical performances, with a major part being played by colour, luxurious textiles and all other elements connected with burial ceremonies, e.g. 3000 candles. Clothes and haberdashery (as well as footwear, gloves, stockings, bands), made of silk fabrics were regarded as luxurious objects in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. Silk yarn was also used for upholstery textile production. Coffins were upholstered in these periods using: silk, wool and linen. Silk presented in the article, belongs to plain fabrics in weave 1/1, but also satins, velvets and damasks. Ornamenting motifs took the form of geometric shapes and flora. Archaeological material rarely delivers original textile colour, because it usually appears in yellow and green as a result of pigment decomposition. However, the textiles discussed here revealed red fabrics in various shades. The selected coffin upholstery comes from archaeological explorations in churches from Szczuczyn, Gniew, Lublin and Toruń.

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Hrobka muže bez tváře. Předběžná zpráva o výzkumu hrobky Anchirese (AS 98), inspektora kadeřníků královského paláce

84%

Dulíková V. , Bárta M. , Odler M. , Peterková Hlouchová M.

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2018

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nr 20

12-26

EN

During the autumn season of 2016, the tomb of an inspector of hairdressers of the Great House, Ankhires (AS 98), commenced excavation. The works were finished in the autumn season of 2017. In the architecture of the mastaba, two building phases were detected. Its cultic places were accessible from the north. A corridor chapel, where two levels of mud floor, a possible mud brick altar and a northern niche in the western wall were uncovered, leads to Room 2, giving access to abundantly decorated Room 1 with polychrome reliefs in at least three registers. The wall decoration of the funerary chapel was largely destroyed; only one block remained in situ and several fragments of the false door were found in the debris. In the core of the mastaba, only one shaft was uncovered. It was 11.75 m deep with a burial chamber at its bottom. An entrance into the burial apartment was in the western wall of the shaft. Neither the bottom of the shaft, nor the burial chamber were finished, though. This fact is fairly surprising taking into consideration the tomb’s intricate architecture. The tomb is preliminarily dated to the late Fifth Dynasty (Nyuserre – Djedkare). Interestingly enough, six late burials in wooden coffins (67–69/AS98/2017, 99–101/AS98/2017) from the end of the First Millennium BC were excavated by the western part of the entrance into the mastaba, and to the east of its eastern outer wall. The coffins were decorated very simply. However, the timber was very fragile and that is why the coffins had decayed, with the exception of two examples (67/AS98/2017 and 68/AS98/2017). In front of the eastern outer wall, three faience amulets were found (96/AS98/2017, 103/AS98/2017, 105/AS98/2017). These might be related to the late burials.

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A Double Child Coffin from the Southern Crypt of the Holy Trinity Church in Radzyń Podlaski (19th Century)

84%

Dabralet I. , Michalik J. , Grupa M. , Gałka B.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2022

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tom 17

89-100

EN

The lives of children in the past were both ephemeral and fragile. The birth of a child, although expected and prayed for, was inevitably connected with the fear of death of both the mother and child, and every childbirth was a kind of a challenge. Unfortunately, in many cases, it finished with death during the delivery or just after. Surviving childhood safely was a constant struggle for the smaller members of a community. This information is evidenced during archaeological explorations of churches and burial grounds. No matter whether they were rich or poor, death took its toll on every social group. There was only the difference in the way of burial ceremony and accessories attributed to it. Some of the child burials were comparable with the richest burials of adults. One of them, a burial in a double coffin, attracted archaeologists’ attention at the very beginning of exploration in Radzyń Podlaski. A child burial in a double coffin can be classified as a unique find, not only in the area of Poland but also in Europe.

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Rich or Modest – Analysis and Reconstruction of the Appearance of a Child’s Coffin from 1779 from the Church of St. Nicholas in Gniew (Pomerania Province, Poland)

67%

Kolaska K. , Michalik J. , Grupa M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica

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2020

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nr 35

57-71

PL

Badania prowadzone w kościołach dostarczają coraz więcej informacji na temat kultury funeralnej okresu baroku. Jednym z podstawowych elementów samego pogrzebu są drewniane trumny, w których składano ciała. Były one w bardzo różny sposób przygotowywane do ceremonii pogrzebowej. Najprostsze to zwykła skrzynka wykonana z obrobionych desek. Uwagę jednak zwracają te z dodatkowymi elementami na powierzchni. Dziecięca trumna znajdująca się w nawie głównej pomiędzy prezbiterium a pierwszym filarem była ozdobiona sztucznymi kwiatami wykonanymi z drutu imitującego pierwotnie złoty. I to właśnie te kwiaty zwróciły uwagę ekipy badawczej na unikatowe zdobienie trumny. Kolejnym etapem prac było oczyszczenie znalezionych ćwieków (były ich trzy rodzaje), a następnie analiza dziwnych struktur znajdujących się po lewej stronie. W wyniku tych czynności ujawniono dwa rodzaje tkanin przylegających do metalu. Wszystkie odkryte informacje pozwoliły na przygotowanie trzech wariantów wystroju powierzchni trumny z datą 1779 nabitą jednym z rodzajów ćwieków. W świetle tych przesłanek stwierdzono, że pochówek dziecka należał do bogatych, a wystrój trumny do wyjątkowo bogatych.

EN

Research conducted in churches provides more and more information about the funeral culture in the Baroque. The basic elements of a funeral were wooden coffins, in which bodies were buried. They were prepared for the funeral in different ways. The simplest were ordinary boxes made of planed boards. What draws attention, however, are those with additional elements on the outside. This child’s coffin found in the central nave between the chancel and the first pillar was decorated with artificial flowers made of wire imitating golden wire. These flowers drew the attention of the research team to the unique ornamentation of the coffin. The next stage of the work involved cleaning the studs found (three types), and then analysing the unusual structures on their underside. This revealed two types of cloth stuck to metal. All the information gathered allowed to prepare three variants of the appearance of the coffin with the year 1779 studded with one of the stud types. Considering the above, it was concluded that the child’s burial was rich, and that the coffin decorations were exceptionally sumptuous.

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Historia pochówku i pierwsza konserwacja mosiężnego sarkofagu marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego

59%

Trzos A.

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tom Nr 75

118--128

PL

W artykule omówiono najważniejsze zagadnienia związane z pierwszą konserwacją mosiężnego sarkofagu marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego, która miała miejsce w 2018 roku w ramach tzw. projektów kluczowych Społecznego Komitetu Odnowy Zabytków Krakowa. Opisano nietypową budowę technologiczną trumny, która miała być formą przejściową, a która od blisko 90 lat osłania szczątki marszałka. Scharakteryzowano stan zachowania trumny przed konserwacją oraz sumarycznie przedstawiono przebieg prac konserwatorskich.

EN

The article discusses the most important issues related to the first conservation of the brass sarcophagus of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, which happened in 2018 as part of the so-called key projects of the Social Committee for the Renovation of Cracow Historical Monuments (Społeczny Komitet Odnowy Zabytków Krakowa). It describes the untypical technological construction of the sarcophagus, which was intended to be a transitional form, and which has encased the Marshal’s remains for nearly 90 years now. It characterizes its state of preservation before conservation, and summarizes the course of conservation work.

6

Decorated burial chamber of Meru (TT 240 in Asasif): some remarks on the layout

59%

Stupko-Lubczyńska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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tom 29(2)

207-220

EN

The paper offers some preliminary considerations concerning the distribution, composition, and orientation of the elements comprising the decoration of the burial chamber of Meru, TT 240. The tomb, situated within the North Asasif slope, dates to the last phase of the reign of Mentuhotep II Nebhepetra. The repertoire of the decorative elements found in Meru’s burial chamber may be traced back to the Old Kingdom, while some peculiarities in their distribution and orientation seem to be a consequence of introduction of the Pyramid Texts, a post-Old Kingdom novelty in the decoration of a non-royal burial space.