Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Coastal dunes of the Baltic Sea shores: a review

100%

Łabuz T. A. , Grunewald R. , Bobykina V. , Chubarenko B. , Česnulevičius A. , Bautrėnas A. , Morkūnaitė R. , Tõnisson H.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2018

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tom 37

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nr 1

47-71

EN

The article summarises results of studies conducted along the Baltic Sea sandy coasts by scientists involved in coastal dune research, and presents an attempt to describe the types and distribution of dune coasts. The Baltic Sea coasts feature lower and higher foredunes. The lowland behind the coastal dune belt is covered by wandering or stabilised inland dunes – transgressive forms, mainly parabolic or barchans. The source of sediment for dune development includes fluvioglacial sands from eroded coasts, river-discharged sand, and older eroded dunes. Due to the ongoing erosion and coastal retreat, many dunes have been eroded, and some are withdrawing onto the adjacent land. There are visible differences between the south-eastern, western, and northern parts of the Baltic Sea coast with respect to dune development. The entire southern and eastern coast abounds in sand, so the coastal dunes are large, formerly or currently wandering formations. The only shifting dunes are found at the Polish and the Russian–Lithuanian coasts on the Łebsko Lake Sandbar as well as on the Vistula and Curonian Spits. The very diverse shoreline of the south-western coast experiences a scarcity of larger sandy formations. Substantial parts of the Baltic Sea sandy coasts have been eroded or transformed by humans. The northern part of the Baltic Sea coast features mainly narrow and low sandy coasts (e.g. in Estonia). Further north, sandy dunes are virtually absent.

2

Coastal dunes of the Baltic Sea shores: a review

100%

Łabuz T. A. , Grunewald R. , Bobykina V. , Chubarenko B. , Česnulevičius A. , Bautrėnas A. , Morkūnaitė R. , Tõnisson H.

Quaestiones Geographicae

|

2018

|

tom 37

|

nr 1

47-71

EN

The article summarises results of studies conducted along the Baltic Sea sandy coasts by scientists involved in coastal dune research, and presents an attempt to describe the types and distribution of dune coasts. The Baltic Sea coasts feature lower and higher foredunes. The lowland behind the coastal dune belt is covered by wandering or stabilised inland dunes – transgressive forms, mainly parabolic or barchans. The source of sediment for dune development includes fluvioglacial sands from eroded coasts, river-discharged sand, and older eroded dunes. Due to the ongoing erosion and coastal retreat, many dunes have been eroded, and some are withdrawing onto the adjacent land. There are visible differences between the south-eastern, western, and northern parts of the Baltic Sea coast with respect to dune development. The entire southern and eastern coast abounds in sand, so the coastal dunes are large, formerly or currently wandering formations. The only shifting dunes are found at the Polish and the Russian–Lithuanian coasts on the Łebsko Lake Sandbar as well as on the Vistula and Curonian Spits. The very diverse shoreline of the south-western coast experiences a scarcity of larger sandy formations. Substantial parts of the Baltic Sea sandy coasts have been eroded or transformed by humans. The northern part of the Baltic Sea coast features mainly narrow and low sandy coasts (e.g. in Estonia). Further north, sandy dunes are virtually absent.

3

Changes in quantitative parameters of active wind dunes on the south-east Baltic Sea coast during the last decade (Curonian Spit, Lithuania)

86%

Morkūnaitė R. , Bautrėnas A. , Česnulevičius A. , Dobrotin N. , Baubinienė A. , Jankauskaitė M. , Kalesnikas A. , Mačiulevičiūtė-Turlienė N.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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tom Vol. 62, No. 1

38--47

EN

The Curonian Spit is one of the largest Holocene sand accumulation forms, stretching along the Baltic Sea coast and belonging to the Baltic sand belt. This article deals with the dynamics of the Curonian Spit dunes in the context of global climate change. Investigations were carried out in the environs of two high dunes (Parnidis Dune and Naglis Dune) over a period of 10 years (2003-2014). Levelling of cross-sections was performed using modern geodesic devices. Wind velocities and directions were measured at meteorological stations of Klaipeda and Nida. The wind regime (number of days with winds >15 m/s) was almost at the multiannual average during the study period. Sand moisture was measured in both dunes studied, and groundwater level was measured in the environs of the Naglis Dune by using ground penetrating radar (GPR). The Naglis Dune experienced a more significant lowering (by 4-6 m) compared with the Parnidis Dune over the study period, while sand deficit was greater in the Parnidis Dune (~10,000 m3). Compared with other European sand dune systems, the Curonian Spit dunes have undergone strong degradation. The article highlights possible degradation reasons and indicates the necessity of additional investigations. Only long-term investigations can contribute to disclosing the main processes both as natural background and due to anthropogenic activities, and the devising of protection measures.

4

Zastosowanie koncepcji ekosystemowych do zarządzania przestrzenią

72%

Czarnecki A. , Lewandowska-Czarnecka A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2007

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tom R. 104, z. 7-A

65-71

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ekosystemowe podejście do planowania rozwoju. Pod uwagę były brane korzyści, których doświadczamy z usług ekosystemu i ich rola w kształtowaniu dobrobytu. Proponuje się równoważne na gruncie wartości materialnych traktowanie tych usług z korzyściami, które przynosi rozwój. Równie ważne jest poznanie zależności występujących pomiędzy jakością usług ekosystemowych i przebiegiem naturalnych procesów i funkcji oraz poziom wrażliwości rozpatrywanego systemu. Na tej podstawie jest możliwe zdefiniowanie zasad planowania przeznaczenia gruntu, rozpatrując co jest niezbędne dla kreowania struktur ekosystemu oraz dla budowania powiązań pomiędzy naturalnymi i zabudowanymi fragmentami przestrzeni. Zgodnie z tym przeprowadzono analizę ekosystemu plaż i wydm nadmorskich, dostarczanych usług oraz powiązanie środowiska zabudowanego z naturalnym. Obiektem badań były plaże w miejscowościach nadmorskich w Algarve (Portugalia), gdzie zastosowano inne niż tradycyjnie konserwatorskie podejście do zagospodarowania i ochrony wydm nadmorskich. Do ich oceny zastosowano kryteria środowiskowe i ekonomiczne. Wykazano, że tradycyjne rozwiązania, spotykane np. w Polsce, ograniczały skalę rozwoju, nie chroniąc skutecznie wydmy z roślinnością przed wydeptywaniem. Nowatorskie podejście w Algarve umożliwiło rozwój regionu na skalę przemysłu turystycznego i efektywną ochronę wydm i ich funkcji ochrony lądu przed ekspansją wód oceanu. Rozwiązania te wykazują cechy trwałego rozwoju.

EN

In paper ecosystem approach was applying for planning the development. Taking into consideration benefits from the ecosystem services which people are using are essential for their well being. For the equal treatment of the ecosystem with developmental functions granting material values for services of the ecosystem is necessary, and to determine their dependence on structures and processes, the level of the sensitivity. On this base it is possible to define principles of using land in order to provide with the conditions needed for the ecosystem for creating structures and of building structural connections between natural and developed elements of the space. On the basis of this conception analysis of the ecosystem of coastal sand dunes, services provided, was suggested in creating the landscape for both strengthening ecosystem and the preservation stable land against expansion of the sea. In Algarve was made an appraisal of developing and the preservation of these sensitive ecosystems around majority of traditional, conservator's solutions with solutions, in which technical measures played the deciding role. To assess solutions environmental and economic criteria were applied. A role of innovative solutions in achieving economic purposes and environmental preservations were demonstrated. In comparing traditional security solutions can limiting the development not giving the guarantee for the bodyguard of ecosystem which separate hotels and beaches. Novel solutions enabled the development in the scale of the tourist industry in Algarve and effective support for the ecosystem protecting the land from the expansion of the ocean. These solutions well are linking basic pillars of the long-lasting sustainability.